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Journal of Tropical Life Science : International Journal of Theoretical, Experimental, and Applied Life Sciences
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 20875517     EISSN : 25274376     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Environmental Science
The Journal of Tropical Life Science (JTLS) provides publication of full-length papers, short communication and review articles describing of new finding or theory in living system, cells and molecular level in tropical life science and related areas. The journal publishes articles that report novel findings of wide Tropical Life system phenomenon in the areas of biodiversity, agriculture, fisheries, health, husbandry, forestry and environmental technology. JTLS has 1 volume with 3 issues per year.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 815 Documents
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Antioxidant Activity of Unripe Sapodilla Fruit Extract (Manilkara zapota L.) through Nrf2 and SOD Expression in Type 1 Diabetic Mice: Antioxidant activity of Manilkara zapota extract in T1DM Muhaimin Rifa'i; Fikriya Novita Sari; Rizky Senna Samoedra; Setyaki Kevin Pratama; Sri Rahayu; Aris Soewondo; Muhammad Halim Natsir
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 13 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.13.01.12

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the effect of unripe sapodilla fruit extract on endogenous antioxidant expression in T1DM BALB/c mice and its free radical scavenging activity. Manilkara zapota extract (MzE) is an aqueous extract of unripe sapodilla fruit and was obtained by maceration and freeze-drying process. This study used 25 male BALB/c mice with 7-weeks-old of age. They were divided randomly into five groups (n=5) before treatment. A single high dose (145 mg/kg BW) of streptozotocin (STZ) was intraperitoneally injected to induce type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). MzE was given orally once each day for 14 days. Liver cells were isolated and immunoassay with anti-superoxide dismutase (SOD) and anti-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related Factor 2 (Nrf2), and then the results were analyzed by flow cytometry. Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was performed to analyze free radical scavenging. Data were analyzed statistically with one-way ANOVA (p<0.05). The result showed that the glucose levels in diabetic mice after MzE administration were significantly lower than in the DM group. MzE treatment increased the expression of Nrf2 and SOD in diabetic mice. MzE could scavenge DPPH with the IC50 value obtained at 48.35 μg/mL, while ascorbic acid as a control could scavenge DPPH with the IC50 value at 22.24 μg/mL. The increase in the scavenging activity is in line with the increase in extract concentration. In conclusion, this study revealed that MzE can be an endogenous antioxidant enhancer by improving the expression of Nrf-2, SOD and can inhibit free radicals as an exogenous antioxidant in T1DM.
Phytochemical Analysis, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activity of Selected Medicinal Plants in Mandiangin Rainforest in South Kalimantan, Indonesia: Medicinal Plants in Mandiangin Rainforest in South Kalimantan Yusanto Nugroho; Windy Budianto; Salmon Siahaan; Purwakaning Agung; Iskandar Thalib; Eko Suhartono
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 13 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.13.01.14

Abstract

Mandiangin is one of the tropical rainforests in South Kalimantan, with highly diverse plants used for health and medicinal purposes. To date, scientific evidence on these plants' content and bioactivities remain lacking for further medical applications. In this perspective, this study aimed to determine the phytochemical contents of six selected plants, which include the Bilaran Kusan (Passiflora foetida), Sembilakan (Caesalpinia sp), Bamban Batu (Donax cenniformis), Kilayu (Aglaia sp), Ulur-Ulur (Tetrastigma sp), and Mali-Mali (Leea indica) from the Mandiangin rainforest, in addition to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Results revealed that the Leea indica extracts exhibited the highest flavonoid content (70.892 ± 0.34 mg/ml QE), while the highest tannin (2.101 ± 0.02 mg/ml GAE) and alkaloid contents (25.30 ± 0.71 %) were recorded for the Aglaia sp species. Meanwhile, Passiflora foetida showed the highest saponin content at (31.78 ± 2.97 %). Based on the study findings, the extracts of all six plants from the Mandiangin rainforest possessed medically valuable phytochemical constituents, as seen from their appreciable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Of all these plants, P. foetida and L. indica demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity, whereas the highest anti-inflammatory activity was noted for the P. foetida, Aglaia- and Caesalpinia species.
Development of Bangle Rhizome and Purple Sweet Potato Flour Biscuit and Its in vivo Antioxidant Activity in High-Fat Diet-Induced Rats: Biscuit, hiperlipid and antioxidant Nanik Sulistyani; Nurkhasanah Mahfudh; Rofidah Nur Umar; Muhammad Fathurrachman Mantali
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 13 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.13.01.05

Abstract

Bangle rhizome and purple sweet potato could be used as functional food to overcome health problems such as hyperlipidemia. The anti-hyperlipidemic, nutritional properties of the above-said root vegetables could be formulated into a more community-preferred food in the form of biscuits. For this reason, this study aims to formulate biscuits from the mixed flour of bangle rhizome and purple sweet potato. Next, the prepared product's antioxidant activity and lipid-lowering properties are tested in vivo in high-fat diet-induced Wistar rats. In this study, bangle rhizome and purple sweet potato were turned into flour and formulated into three types of biscuits comprising different ratios of bangle rhizome and purple sweet potato flour (5:39 % w/w (F1), 3:41 % w/w (F2), and 2:42 % w/w (F3)). The study found that the baked products showed good organoleptic and physical properties, yielding golden- to brown-colored biscuits with a distinctive aroma and vaguely bitter after-taste, with F3 showing the highest hardness (8.94 0.18). The proximate analysis test showed that the biscuits achieved three of the six SNI 01-2973-2011 quality requirements. The best formula (F3) exhibited acceptable in vivo antioxidant catalase (5.12 0.16 U/mL) and glutathione peroxidase activity (64.44 2.11 U/mg) in high-fat diet Wistar rats tested for 28 days. The F3 formula was deemed the best, yielding biscuits with low moisture content and good crispiness. The formulated biscuits increased catalase's antioxidant activity (285.47%) and glutathione peroxidase (265.08%) more than the negative control. Hence, the study demonstrated that bangle rhizome and purple sweet potato-containing biscuits were potentially useful functional foods for improving antioxidant activity in high-fat diet-induced Wistar rats.
Effect of microbial inoculant on the oviposition and completion of life cycle of Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) and Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart) infesting rabbit carcasses: Effect of microbial inoculant on Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) and Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart) Naji Arafat Mahat; Nur Amalina Omar; Heo Chong Chin; Mohammad Rahim Kamaluddin; Nor Wajihan Muda
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 13 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.13.01.08

Abstract

This research was conducted to assess the influence of microbial inoculant (EM.1®) on the initial oviposition and developmental pattern of two prevalent necrophagous flies (Chrysomya megacephala and Chrysomya rufifacies) in Malaysia. Nine rabbit carcasses were equally divided into control and two treated groups. The control carcasses were sprayed with deionized water (about 100 mL), whereas the two other treated groups were individually sprayed with two concentrations of EM.1® at 1:500 and 1:100, respectively. Results revealed that the single application of EM.1® on both treated carcasses did not statistically impede oviposition by both necrophagous species, as well as their subsequent developmental patterns (P > 0.05) when compared with that of controls. Therefore, estimating the minimum post-mortem interval (mPMI) using empirical baseline data for the control animal model would remain appropriate for estimating mPMI in cases involving carcasses with a single application of EM.1®
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Leaves of Chromolaena odorata and its Antioxidant Activity: Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using C. odorata Siti Ernieyanti Hashim; Angelle Patrick John
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 13 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.13.02.08

Abstract

Harmful chemical waste is a serious problem being faced during the synthesis of nanoparticles due to the usage of hazardous chemicals. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of the leaves of C. odorata is cheap and environmentally friendly. This study reports the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using C. odorata aqueous extract as reducing agent. The leaves of C. odorata was extracted by using cold maceration technique. The phytochemicals screening of leaves was done and positive results was showed for the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and phenolics in the leaves extract of C. odorata. The synthesized C. odorata extract mediated AgNPs was characterized using several techniques including UV-Visible spectroscopy and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The reduction of pure Ag (I) ions to Ag (0) was monitored using UV-Vis every one hour after 24 hours up to 28 hours and it showed an absorption band at 430-450 nm. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was utilized to determine its particle size and the average particle size obtained was 27.3 nm. The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) produced by using C. odorata leaves aqueous extract was determined for its antioxidant activity by using DPPH free radical scavenging assay. The IC50 value obtained was 277.29 mg/ml. Based on the results obtained, it indicates that the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) produced using C. odorata leaves aqueous extract possessed antioxidant activity that can scavenge free radicals.
Assessing the Stability of Essential Oil Encapsulated in Hydrogel Beads: Assessing the Stability of Essential Oil Encapsulated in Hydrogel Siti Fairuz Che Othman; Muhammad Naim Samsudin; Nurjeha Ikhwan Wong Abdullah
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 13 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.13.01.06

Abstract

Essential oil mainly contains volatile constituents making it vulnerable upon exposure to the external environment. The encapsulation method is known to protect the bioactive components of the essential oil from damage, in which alginate was used as the hydrogel in this study. This work investigates the physicochemical stability of the peppermint oil encapsulated within alginate beads (1.5% and 2.0%) during its five weeks of storage. Peppermint oil (PO) was added at four different weight ratios to alginate, which were 1:3, 1:2, 1:1, and 2:1. The encapsulation technique involves mixing alginate and oil using a homogeniser. Constituents profiling was done weekly using UV-Vis spectrophotometer and Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Investigation revealed that 1.5% (w/w) alginate in a weight ratio of 1:1 has the highest encapsulation efficiency, which was 42.00%, while for 2.0% (w/w) alginate, the weight ratio of 1:2 gave a maximum encapsulation efficiency of 33.38%. Assessment of the beads' diameter with time showed little physical changes throughout storage time. The constituents profile of the oil indicates a decline in the chemical constituents between a pure sample and the encapsulated peppermint oil. This might be associated with the heat generated during mixing or exposure to the light during the preparation stage. Even so, the analysis of the encapsulated oil each week suggested no striking changes, indicating the stability of the peppermint oil encapsulated in the alginate beads.
Bacterial Profile and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Urinary Tract Infection Among Children in Karbala Teaching Hospital: Bacterial Profile and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Urinary Tract Infection Masar AL-Mousawi; Ameer Hanoon; Alaa Jasim; Alaa Alattab; Karar Musafer; Zahraa Abdulzahraa
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 13 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.13.01.13

Abstract

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common diseases in pediatric age groups. The emergence of bacterial strains that exhibit resistance to specific antimicrobial agents has led to several therapeutic challenges. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of common types of bacteria isolated from urine samples of patients with urinary tract infections in Karbala Teaching Hospital for Children. The study was conducted between September 2021 and January 2022. The susceptibilities of antimicrobial agents were determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique. Positive cultures from 56 patients were included in the analysis. Escherichia coli and Proteus spp. were the most common organisms identified in pediatric patients suspected of a UTI (50% and 14.3%, respectively), while Raoutella ornithimolytics and Enterobacter sp. represented 7.14%. Other bacteria like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Serratia spp., and Kluyvera spp. represented 3.6%. The sensitivity of E. coli isolates to imipenem, amikacin, and chloramphenicol were 92.9%, 85.7%, and 78.6%, respectively. Proteus spp. isolates solely exhibited susceptibility to amikacin and nalidixic acid. The current study concluded that E. coli was the most frequently arising underlying pathogen UTI in pediatric patients. In this clinical setting, the organisms identified exhibited high susceptibility to imipenem, amikacin, and chloramphenicol.
Applications of X-Chromosome Short Tandem Repeats for Human Identification: A Review: Applications of X-Chromosome Short Tandem Repeats for Human Identification Naji Arafat Mahat; Aedrianee Reeza Alwi; Faezah Mohd Salleh; Seri Mirianti Ishar; Mohammad Rahim Kamaluddin; Mohd Radzniwan A. Rashid
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 13 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.13.01.19

Abstract

The forensic DNA profiling technique has tremendously contributed to forensic human identification, an important aspect in forensic investigations. In instances whereby comparison samples are unavailable, utilization of short tandem repeats of X chromosome (X-STRs) may prove useful to resolve complex kinship investigations involving missing persons and mass disasters. Despite such evidential values, the use of X-STRs during investigations remains scarce in many Southeast Asian countries including Malaysia, requiring concerted efforts for establishing forensic statistical support for its diverse populations (especially the admixture populations), standardizing core loci and procedure, improving the knowledge among practitioners as well as developing suitable standard operating procedure for incorporating X-STRs analysis in the overall DNA profiling framework. Hence, this review paper aims to highlight the developments, applications and population data of X-STRs, as well as its challenges and future insights for forensic casework.
Effect of extraction solvent and harvest time on recovery of bioactive compounds, antioxidant and cancer cell growth inhibition activities of Korean Camellia mistletoe : Antioxidant and anticancer activities of Camellia mistletoe Min Young Kim
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 13 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.13.01.07

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the phytochemical profiles, in vitro antioxidant and antiproliferative properties of Korean Camellia mistletoe (Korthalsella japonica (Thunb.) Engl.) depending on the harvest time (August and November) and solvent (100% methanol, 70% ethanol and hot water). The Camellia japonica L. mistletoe extracts were analyzed for contents of total phenol, flavonoid, total carotenoid and L-ascorbic acid, and antioxidant properties such as scavenging capacities (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and NO•), ferrous ion chelating and reducing power. Concurrently, the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to assess the antiproliferative properties against human cancer cell lines; MCF (human breast cancer cells), Hela (human cervical cancer cells), A375 (human malignant melanoma cells), HCT116 (human colon cancer cells), HepG2 (human liver cancer cells) and A549 (human non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma cells). The results showed that extraction solvent and harvest time had significant impacts on antioxidant and anticancer activities, as well as selectivity for free phenolic compounds in Camellia japonica L. mistletoe. Among all the tested extracts the highest amounts of total phenolic and total flavonoids content were found in ethanol extracts of Camellia japonica L. mistletoe harvested in November, while the methanol extracts of Camellia japonica L. mistletoe collected in August showed the highest contents of total carotenoids and L-ascorbic acids compared to the other tested extracts. Additionally, the highest NO• radical scavenging activity was found in ethanol extracts, whereas the strongest DPPH radical scavenging activity was found in methanol extracts of Camellia japonica L. mistletoe harvested in November. Furthermore, methanol extracts showed much higher antiproliferative activity against all human cancer cells than ethanol extracts of Camellia japonica L. mistletoe harvested in November. In conclusion, the antioxidant and anticancer properties of Camellia japonica L. mistletoe showed significant dependence on the extraction solvent type and harvest time. With optimum harvest time and extraction solvent, they boast a wide range of promising applications in the medical, pharmaceutical, and food industries.
Antimicrobial Activity of Bacterial Strains Isolated from Macrotermes belli-cosus Termite Mound: Antimicrobial Activity of Bacterial Strains Isolated from Macrotermes bellicosus Benewindé Joseph Sawadogo; Sandrine E T Hien; Dagoro Palé; Ynoussa Maïga; Mahamadi Nikièma; Iliassou Mogmenga; Yerobessor Dabiré; Cheik A T Ouattara; Aboubakar S Ouattara
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 13 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.13.01.17

Abstract

Natural environments like termite mounds can be a reservoir for novel microbial strains and antimicrobial metabolite producers. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activities of bacterial strains isolated from Macrotermes bellicosus (M. bellicosus) termite mound materials. These materials were sampled from active termite mounds in the Somgandé botanic reserve in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. The study collected sixty-three bacterial isolates and assessed their antimicrobial activity against several pathogenic bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus) and two pathogenic fungi (Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans). The dual culture and paper disc diffusion assays revealed that 10 isolates (5 bacteria and 5 actinobacteria) inhibited the growth of at least one pathogenic microorganism. In comparison, four isolates inhibited both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Overall, isolates MBm2, MBm8 (bacteria), and MBm26 (actinobacterium) displayed better antibacterial- and antifungal activity against all tested pathogenic microorganisms. It is germane to indicate here that several typical bacteria and actinobacteria isolated from the M. bellicosus termite mound materials were good producers of antibacterial and antifungal agents. Thus, future studies could further characterize these isolates and optimize their growth for producing antimicrobial compounds. The bioactive compounds should also be identified for further biotechnological applications.

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