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All Journal SPEKTRUM INDUSTRI Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Industri Journal of Governance and Public Policy JURNAL MANAJEMEN INDUSTRI DAN LOGISTIK SIKLUS: Jurnal Teknik Sipil ENSAINS JOURNAL Menara Perkebunan JIIP (Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan) JAMAIKA: Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat Jurnal TEDC Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan RechtIdee
Suharyanto
Universitas Kebangsaan RI
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Journal : Menara Perkebunan

 1 
Penggunaan enzim protease pada pengolahan lateks pekat DPNR sebagai bahan pembuatan sphygmomanometer Use of protease on the processing of concentrated latex DPNR as material for sphygmomanometer manufacturing . SISWANTO; . SUHARYANTO; Yoharmus SYAMSU
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 77 No. 2: Desember 2009
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v77i2.82

Abstract

AbstractIn order to increase competitiveness in the international market especially in USA, the domestic industrial manufactures of latex dipping products have to meet the FDA requirement for protein standard that is 150 g protein/g. Use of cheap protease from an effective local sources will support the production of concentrated latex with low protein so that the end product will meet FDA prerequisite of standard protein. Local source of proteases from Bacillus sp. isolated from latex coagula serum (LCS), papain and bromeline were examinated their proteolytic activity using casein and casein mixed with LCS (1:1) as substrate. The best protease source will be applied to produce deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR) of concentrated latex, and furthermore used as raw material in producing sphygmomanometer at commercial scale. The objective of this research is to determine the best protease source and condition of optimum activity and its effectiveness for producing DPNR of concentrated latex as raw material for sphygmomanometer production. The result showed that Bacillus sp. K3 is the best isolate for protease producer with protease activity of 0.438 U/mL under room temperature (28-30oC) for three days. Of three sources of protease tested, papain was the most active one when casein was used as substrate. The used of LCS as substrate was not efficient because of the presence of protease inhibitor which could not be removed by heating at 100C for five minutes. The proteolytic activity of papain was optimum at room temperature 37C and pH 7.7-11 i.e achieved 0.6-0.7 U/mL. Sphygmomanometers component produced by concentrated latex non DPNR containing 0,27-0.31% total N and 445-710 g extractable protein/g, whereas sphygmo-manometers component produced by latex DPNR containing 0.18-0.28% total N and 79-103 extractable protein thus pass its protein content prerequisite of FDA (<150 g /g). Sphygmo-manometers component produced by con-centrated latex DPNR have physical properties such as tensile strength, modulus 300% and elongation at break better than conventional concentrated latex.AbstrakUntuk meningkatkan daya saing di pasar internasional khususnya Amerika Serikat, barang celup lateks alam produksi dalam negeri harus memenuhi standar protein yang ditetapkan oleh FDA yaitu 150 g protein/g. Penggunaan enzim protease dari sumber lokal yang murah dan efektif akan membantu dalam pembuatan lateks pekat rendah protein sehingga produk yang dihasilkan memenuhi standar protein yang disyaratkan FDA. Sumber enzim protease lokaldari isolat Bacillus sp. yang diisolasi dari serum bekuan lateks (SBL), papain dan bromelin diuji aktivitas proteo-litiknya dengan substrat kasein dan campuran kasein dan SBL (1:1). Sumber enzim protease terbaik digunakan untuk produksi lateks pekat deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR) dan selanjutnya lateks tersebut digunakan untuk percobaan produksi komponen sphygmomanometer skala komersial. Penelitian bertujuan menetapkan sumber protease terbaik dan kondisi optimum aktivitasnya untuk pembuatan lateks pekat DPNR dan komponen sphygmomanometer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Bacillus sp. K3 adalah isolat terbaik dalam menghasilkan enzim protease yaitu mencapai 0,438 U/mL pada inkubasi suhu ruang (28-30oC) selama tiga hari. Dari ketiga sumber protease yang diuji, enzim papain menujukkan aktivitas terbaik ketika diuji dengan substrat kasein. Penggunaan subtrat SBL kurang sesuai untuk produksi protease karena adanya inhibit orprotease yang tidak bisa dihilangkan dengan cara pemanasan pada suhu 100C selama lima menit. Aktivitas enzim papain optimum pada suhu 37C dan antara pH 7,7-11, yaitu mencapai 0,6- 0,7 U/mL. Komponen sphygmomanometer konvensional yang dibuat dengan bahan baku lateks pekat non DPNR memiliki kadar N total 0,27-0,31% dan kadar protein terekstrak 445- 710 g/g, sedangkan komponen sphygmomanometer yang diproduksi dengan lateks pekat DPNR memiliki kadar N total 0,18-0,28% dan protein terekstrak 79-103 g/g sehingga memenuhi ambang batas yang ditetapkan oleh FDA yaitu <150 μg/g. Sifat fisika seperti tegangan putus, modulus 300%, dan perpanjangan putus komponen sphygmomanometer yang dibuat dari lateks pekat DPNR lebih baik dari pada lateks pekat non DPNR.
Optimisasi dan pemurnian IAA yang dihasilkan Rhizobium sp. dalam medium serum lateks dengan suplementasi triptofan dari pupuk kandang Optimization and purification of IAA produced by Rhizobium sp. in latex serum media supplemented with tryptophan from chicken manure Irma KRESNAWATY; Syeda ANDANAWARIH; . SUHARYANTO; . TRI-PANJI
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 76 No. 2: Desember 2008
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v76i2.83

Abstract

Summary Concentrated latex effluent had not been economically utilized, consequently it had become source of environmental pollution and conflicts with surrounding community. Whereas, the concentrated latex effluent could be used as substrate for microbes growth media due to its high concentration of carbon and nitrogen. One of the economical benefits of growing Rhizobium sp. in this waste is the production of  indole acetic acid (IAA) that  can be used for plant promotion growth. The aims of this research were to get the optimal IAA production of Rhizobium sp. by optimizing its tryptophan supplementation through hydrolysis of chicken manure and to purify IAA produced using chromatographic method. The use of chicken manure directly caused the browning effect, therefore these experiments were carried out the variation of NaOH 2 N hydrolysis treatments to reduce the effect. Direct hydrolysis as the first media  was obtained by mixing latex serum and manure, and then this mixture was hydrolyzed. Meanwhile, separated hydrolysis was done by adding water to manure, being hydrolyzed, and divided to become second and third media. The second media  was made by mixing manure hydrolysate and latex serum directly, whereas in third media, hydrolisate was added with alum as coagulating agent. Rhizobium sp. was then inoculated to all media and incubated for 24, 48, and 72 hours in 27-30oC. IAA was analyzed by spectrophotometric method with Salkowsky reagent and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). IAA was then extracted with ethyl acetate and purified with silica gel column chromatography. The separated hydrolysis without coagulation (second media) produced the highest IAA concentration, that is 14.40 mg/mL, whereas IAA produced by direct hydrolysis (first media) was 14.13 mg/mL and 0.90 mg/mL for third media  during 48 hours. The fractionation result  for each mediums showed that the highest IAA distribution in first media  was the 12th fraction (38.70%), meanwhile in second media  was the 15th fraction (50.25%) and in the third  media was the 13th fraction (26.16%). Ringkasan Limbah lateks pekat saat ini belum di-manfaatkan secara ekonomis, bahkan menjadi sumber pencemaran lingkungan dan konflik dengan masyarakat sekitarnya. Padahal limbah lateks pekat dapat digunakan sebagai substrat pertumbuhan mikroba karena memiliki kandungan karbon dan nitrogen yang cukup tinggi.  Salah  satu  nilai  ekonomis yang dapat diperoleh dengan ditumbuhkannya Rhizobium sp. pada limbah tersebut, yaitu dihasilkannya asam indol asetat (indol acetic acid/IAA) yang dapat digunakan untuk memacu pertumbuhan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh produksi IAA optimal yang dihasilkan Rhizobium sp. dengan asupan triptofan dari hidrolisis pupuk kandang dan memurnikan IAA yang dihasilkan tersebut dengan metode kromatografi. Penggunaan pupuk kandang secara langsung menyebabkan efek pen-cokelatan, maka dilakukan variasi perlakuan hidrolisis dengan NaOH 2 N untuk mengurangi efek tersebut. Hidrolisis langsung sebagai medium pertama diperoleh dengan mencampur serum lateks dan pupuk kandang, sedangkan hidrolisis terpisah dilakukan dengan menambah pupuk kandang dengan air,  dan dibagi menjadi medium kedua dan ketiga. Medium kedua dibuat dengan cara  langsung mencampur hidrolisat dan serum lateks, sedangkan pada medium ketiga, hidrolisat diendapkan dengan alum sebagai bahan pengendap.  Kemudian ke dalam masing-masing medium diinokulasi  Rhizobium sp. dan diinkubasi selama 24 ,48, dan 72 jam pada suhu 27-30oC. Analisis IAA dilakukan secara spektrofotometri dengan metode Salkowski dan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT). IAA diekstraksi menggunakan etil asetat dan dimurnikan dengan kromatografi kolom silika gel. Hidrolisis terpisah tanpa pengendapan (medium kedua) menghasilkan IAA tertinggi, yaitu 14,40 mg/mL, sedangkan hidrolis langsung (medium pertama) menghasilkan IAA sebesar 14,13 mg/mL dan medium ketiga sebesar 0,90 mg/mL selama 48 jam. Hasil fraksinasi untuk masing-masing medium menunjukkan sebaran IAA tertinggi pada medium pertama berada pada fraksi ke-12 (38,70%), sedangkan pada medium kedua pada fraksi ke-15 (50,25%), dan pada medium ketiga ialah fraksi ke-13 (26,16%). 
Lipase spesifik 1,3-gliserida dari fungi lokal untuk biokonversi CPO menjadi diasilgliserol Specific lipase of 1,3-glyceride from indigenous fungi for bioconversion of CPO to produce diacylglycerol . TRI-PANJI; . SUHARYANTO; Nining ARINI
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 76 No. 1: Juni 2008
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v76i1.90

Abstract

SummaryDownstream industry of palm oil producing specialty oil with higher economic value compared to that of CPO in Indonesia is less developed due to technical obstacle and the availability of supporting materials. Specific lipase 1,3-glyceride for example which is used for oleochemical processing of healthy oil production is still imported with relatively high price.  Healthy oil can be made from CPO bioconversion using the enzyme that produces oil rich in diacylglycerol (DAG). Although research on the production and the use of lipase has been well studied, production of specific lipase from microbes of local source is still very limited.  This article reports one part of the series of the research activities on bioprocess and genetic engineering approaches to produce specific lipase for bioconversion of CPO i.e optimization of 1,3-glyceride-spesific lipase production from fungi selected from local sources. Based on the fluorescence zone on the screening media, of the twenty isolates collection, it was found that P6 isolate, thereafter indentified as Neurospora sitophila, has the highest activity of 1,3-glyceride-specific lipase. The lipase of N.  sitophila was able to catalyze glycerolysis of triacylglycerol (TAG) in CPO to produce DAG. The bioconversion products of lipase yielding ratio of DAG/TAG was higher than ratio of free fatty acids (FFA)/TAG (0.12 > 0.08). The optimum condition of the enzymatic bioconversion was at 40 oC, pH 6, and 10-day incubation. The primary fatty acids on the DAG were oleic (56.2%), palmitic (40.0%), and myristic (2.7%) acids. The decrease of palmitic acid on DAG compared to on TAG, indicated that the lipase of N. sitophila worked relatively specific at C1 or C3 of the TAG.Kurang berkembangnya industri hilir yang menghasilkan minyak khusus yang nilainya berlipat dibandingkan CPO antara lain karena hambatan teknis dan ketersediaan bahan pendukungnya. Lipase spesifik 1,3-gliserida misalnya, yang digunakan untuk produksi minyak kesehatan, masih diimpor dengan harga relatif tinggi. Minyak kesehatan dapat diproduksi dari biokonversi CPO dengan lipase spesifik 1,3-gliserida hingga diperoleh minyak yang kaya kandungan diasilgliserol (DAG). Tulisan ini melaporkan optimasi aktivitas lipase spesifik 1,3-gliserida dari fungi isolat lokal terpilih. Berdasarkan zona fluoresens pada medium penapis lipase, dari 20 isolat fungi yang diuji isolat P6 yang kemudian diidentifikasi sebagai Neurospora sitophila memiliki aktivitas tertinggi dan bersifat spesifik 1,3-gliserida. Lipase N. sitophilamampu mengkatalisis gliserolisis triasilgliserol (TAG) dalam CPO untuk menghasilkan DAG. Lipase tersebut menghasilkan nilai perban-dingan DAG/TAG  lebih  besar  dari nilai perbandingan asam lemak bebas (ALB)/TAG (0,12 > 0,08). Kondisi optimum biokonversi enzimatis ini terjadi pada suhu 40 oC, pH 6, dan waktu inkubasi selama 10 hari. Asam lemak utama penyusun DAG adalah asam oleat (56,2%), palmitat (40,0%), dan miristat (2,7%). Berkurangnya asam palmitat pada DAG dibanding pada TAG menunjukkan bahwa lipase N. sitophila bekerja secara relatif spesifik pada C1 atau C3 dari gliserida.
Co-Authors . SISWANTO Adi Mulyana Al-Farisi, Rifqi Analius Giawa Avid Inang Rum beny firman, beny Boyke Nugrahanto Demas YogoPranoto, Demas Deni Suprihadi Djumala Machmud, Djumala Eka Firmansyah Ery Nugraha Ery Nugraha, Ery Eustasia Sri Murwati, Eustasia Sri Hendra Permana Hendra Permana Hendra Permana Irma Badarina Irma KRESNAWATY Jentot Tugiyono Junirmart Girsang Mahalla, Mahalla Mokhammad Isnaeni Bambang Setyonegoro Muhamad, Azhar Murwati, Eustasia Sri Nining ARINI Noviyanti Noviyanti, Noviyanti Nurdicky Febrian Aditya Olfa Mega Permana, Hendra R Widodo Triputro, R Widodo R. Lisye Herlina Rajaminsah, Rajaminsah Rifqi Al-Farisi Rina Shahriyani Shahrullah Sanusi, Achmad Sauri, R Supyan Suherman, Asep Irwan Suripin Suzantry H, Yanolanda Syeda ANDANAWARIH T. Haryono Tedy Juliandhy Tri Panji Wijaya, Junior Hendri Windarto, Andhang Yogopranoto, Demas Yoharmus SYAMSU