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Konservasi In Vitro Pamelo (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.) melalui Pertumbuhan Lambat Kartika Ning Tyas; Slamet Susanto; Iswari Saraswati Dewi; Nurul Khumaida
Indonesian Journal of Agronomy Vol. 41 No. 1 (2013): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Indonesia is one of the countries which have abundant germplasm of pummelo (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.). Thepummelo germplasm must be conserved to prevent its extinction due to biotic and abiotic stresses. In vitro conservationusing slow growth technique can be considered as an alternative of ex-situ conservation. Two experiments were conductedto obtain suitable medium to conserve pummelo in vitro. The first experiment was conservation using modified concentrationof MS and sucrose. MS medium concentrations were 1/2MS and MS, while sucrose concentrations were 0, 1, 2 and 3%. Thesecond experiment was conservation using osmoticum and retardant in MS medium. There were six combinations of MSmedium supplemented with osmoticum and retardant, i.e. MS + sucrose 3%, MS + sucrose 3% + paclobutrazol 7.5 ppm, MS+ sucrose 3% + paclobutrazol 15 ppm, MS + sorbitol 2%, MS + sorbitol 2% + paclobutrazol 7.5 ppm, MS + sorbitol 2% +paclobutrazol 15 ppm. The results showed that reducing MS medium and sucrose consentration decreased leaf number andshoot length but increased root number and length. The combination of osmoticum and retardant reduced shoot length, leaf number, root number and length. Based on the planlet visual and inhibition of growth through the decrease of leaf number, shoot and root length, the best medium to preserve pummelo was MS + sorbitol 2% + paclobutrazol 7.5 ppm.Keywords: Citrus maxima, osmoticum, preservation, retardant, slow growth

Pola Akumulasi Prolin dan Poliamin Beberapa Aksesi Tanaman Terung pada Cekaman Kekeringan Siti Kurniawati; Nurul Khumaida; Sintho Wahyuning Ardie; N. Sri i Hartati; Enny Sudarmonowati
Indonesian Journal of Agronomy Vol. 42 No. 2 (2014): Jurnal agronomi indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

ABSTRACT Drought stress is one of the major limiting factors for plant growth and production. Therefore, the mechanism of drought tolerance is important to be studied. Eggplant (Solanum spp.) is relatively tolerant to drought stress compared to other member of Solanaceae family. The objective of this study was to study the mechanism of drought tolerance in eggplant related to accumulation pattern of proline and polyamines. Seven eggplant accessions were drought stressed for 21 days and rewatered for the following next 7 days. Drought stress treatment significantly decreased the soil water content and reduced plant height of all accessions. Eggplant responded the drought stress by reducing stomatal density and stomatal opening to reduce transpiration rate. Drought stress also induced proline and polyamine (PA) accumulation in the leaf tissues. These accumulations started at 14-days after drought stress period when soil water content less than 20% and reached their peaks at 21 days after drought stress. The highest level of proline (134.70 μmol g-1) and that of putrescine (20.836 ng g-1) could be used as indicators for eggplant drought stress condition. Keywords: physiological responses, polyamine (PA), proline, putrescine, stomata

Respon Anatomi dan Fisiologi Akar Kedelai terhadap Cekaman Kekeringan Pienyani Rosawanti; Munif Ghulamahdi; Nurul Khumaida
Indonesian Journal of Agronomy Vol. 43 No. 3 (2015): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

ABSTRACTDrought stress in crop occurs due to imbalance between demand and supply of water. Crop responses to drought stress depend on their genotypes. Drought stress causes anatomical changes and root damage. The objective of this research was to study the effect of drought stress on anatomy and physiology of soybean root. The research was conducted at Laboratory of Microtechnique, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Bogor Agricultural University in November 2013. A Completely Randomized Design with two factors was used in the research i.e. soybean genotypes (Wilis, PG 57-1, SC 39-1) and PEG (0, 20%) with three replications. The result showed that genotype and PEG affected the size of the cortex, stele, and xylem. PG 57-1 genotype showed the decrease of cortical thickness, diameter of stele and the diameter of xylem, on the other hand, in SC 39-1, there was an increase. Drought stress (PEG 20%) could also cause damage to the root membrane as indicated by the occurrence of lipid peroxides. Wilis and PG 57-1 were tolerant while SC 39-1 was sensitive to drought stress.Keywords:cortex, lipid peroxides, PEG, Schiff’s reagent, xylem

Radiosensitivitas dan Heritabilitas Ketahanan terhadap Penyakit Antraknosa pada Tiga Populasi Cabai yang Diinduksi Iradiasi Sinar Gamma Nura ,; Muhamad Syukur; Nurul Khumaida; Widodo ,
Indonesian Journal of Agronomy Vol. 43 No. 3 (2015): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

ABSTRACTCommercial varieties of chili is still susceptible to anthracnose disease. Anthracnose is one of diseases which caused yield loss about 10-80% in rainy season and 2-35% in dry season. One of the disease control method is to develop new varieties resistant to anthracnose through gamma-ray irradiation. This research was aimed to determine radiosensitivity level and heritability of chili which generated by mutation inductions of three genotypes: IPB C2, IPB C10, and IPB C15. Seed of the three genotypes were irradiated by gamma rays at dosages of 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900 and 1,000 Gy. The LD50 in IPB C2, IPB C10, and IPB C15 were 317.9, 591.4, and 538.8 Gy, respectively. The character of IPB C2 mutants ranged between very susceptible to resistant against anthracnose disease, IPB C10 tended to very susceptible to highly resistant, and genotype IPB C15 tended to susceptible to highly resistant. Genotype IPB C2 had high level in heritability for disease resistance character, while medium level in heritability value was obtained on genotype IPB C10 and IPB C15.Keywords: genotype, LD50, mutant, mutation, seed

Perubahan Morfologi dan Pertumbuhan Handeuleum (Graptophyllum pictum L. Griff) akibat Iradiasi Sinar Gamma Arrin Rosmala; Nurul Khumaida; Dewi Sukma
Indonesian Journal of Agronomy Vol. 43 No. 3 (2015): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

ABSTRACTHandeuleum (Graptophyllum pictum L.Griff) is a medicinal plant widely used as a traditional medicine due to its benefecial content. Therefore, it should be developed as one of the leading Indonesian medicinal plants. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of gamma ray irradiation on morphological alteration and growth of Handeuleum accession from Bogor. The doses of gamma rays were 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, and 105 Gy. The results of the research showed that gamma-ray irradiation induced morphological changes and influences the growth of Handeuleum. Irradiation dose at rate of 105 Gy produced new leaf morphology in Handeuleum, namely cordate. Doses of 60, 75, 90, and 105 Gy produce stunted plants with stiff and yellowish-green leaves. The dose of 45 Gy produced relative green color index which was higher than the control plants.Keywords: handeuleum, gamma irradiations

Pertumbuhan Tunas Ubi Kayu (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) Genotipe Jame-jame secara In Vitro Candra Catur Nugroho; Nurul Khumaida; dan Sintho Wahyuning Ardie
Indonesian Journal of Agronomy Vol. 44 No. 1 (2016): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

ABSTRACTThe continuous supply of true-to-type seedling through in vitro technique is very important for cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) as the demand for seedlings is increasing. The research consisted of two experiments and they were conducted from February 2013 to February 2014. The first experiment was in vitro shoot multiplication to evaluate the effect of culture medium and single node position on growth and shoot multiplication of cassava Jame-jame genotype. This experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with two factors and four replications. The first factor was culture medium (MS0 and MSB3) and the second factor was single node positions used as explant (basal, middle, and top section of the stem). The result showed that middle section of the stem cultured on MS0 medium had the highest shoot height, number of leaves, and number of nodes. The second experiment was the acclimatization to evaluate the effect of culture period on the success of the acclimatization. This experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with culture period prior to acclimatization as treatment. The results showed that seedlings from period of 12 and 24 weeks after culture showed higher survival rates (80%) than seedling from period of 36 and 48 weeks after culture (50 and 40%). Culture period prior to acclimatization had no significant effect on plant height and number of leaves.Keywords: BAP, culture period, single node position, shoot multiplication

Toleransi Beberapa Genotipe Gandum (Triticum aestivum L.) Terhadap Kekeringan pada Stadia Perkecambahan Andina Fabrini Firdausya; Nurul Khumaida; dan Sintho Wahyuning Ardie
Indonesian Journal of Agronomy Vol. 44 No. 2 (2016): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

ABSTRACTDrought is a major abiotic stress impeding wheat production world wide. Selection of potentially drought tolerant genotypes are necessary for wheat improvement. The objective of this study was to test the tolerance level of nine wheat genotypes to drought stress at germination stage. Assesment at germination stage using osmoticum solution is an effective method for selecting tolerant genotypes to drougt stress in a short period of time. The experiment was arranged on a randomized complete block design with two factors and three replications. The first factor was wheat genotype consisted of Nias, Selayar, Dewata, H-20, Munal, SBD, SBR, S-03, and YMH. The second factor was concentration of PEG 6000 consisted of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%. Observation variables were germination percentage, shoot length, root length, number of root, number of leaf, seedling fresh weight, and seedling dry weight. Increasing level of PEG concentration inhibited the growth of wheat seedling. Based on the highes R2 value on the regression analysis, relative root length can be used as selection character. Based on RD50 value of relative root length, 15% PEG was determined concentration to select drought tolerant on wheat genotypes. Nias genotype was identified as tolerant genotype, while SBD, S-03, YMH, and Munal were identified as drought sensitive genotypes.Keywords: abiotic stress, osmotic potential, Polyethylene Glycol, RD50, relative root length

Karakterisasi Morfologi dan Sifat Kuantitatif Gandum (Triticum aestivum L.) di Dataran Menengah Sartika Widowati; Nurul Khumaida; Sintho Wahyuning Ardie; dan Trikoesoemaningtyas
Indonesian Journal of Agronomy Vol. 44 No. 2 (2016): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

ABSTRACTIndonesia is one of the largest wheat importers. Suitable environmental condition for wheat needs to be studied if wheat is going to be widely cultivated in Indonesia. The adaptability of wheat grown in various climates and altitudes is one of the important aspects. The objective of this experiment was to study the quantitative and morphological character of wheat grown in middle land (540 m asl) in Bogor, West Java. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. Wheat genotypes used were three national varieties (Nias, Selayar, and Dewata), four new improved varieties (Guri 3 Agritan, Guri 4 Agritan, Guri 5 Agritan, and Guri 6 Unand), and one introduced genotype (SBD). Data were collected for several quantitative variables and seventeen morphological characters based on UPOV descriptor. The result showed that wheat growth was restricted in Bogor. Genotype determined plant height, leaf number, ear length, root length, number of spikelet, harvest time, seed weight, number of tillers, and plant biomass. Based on ear length, grain weight, and plant biomass, Guri 3 Agritan had the highest production than the other genotypes.Keywords: diversity, genetic relationship, high temperature, introduced genotype, phylogenetic

Keragaman Beberapa Aksesi Temu Hitam (Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.) Berdasarkan Karakter Morfologi Adi Setiadi; Nurul Khumaida; dan Sintho Wahyuning Ardie
Indonesian Journal of Agronomy Vol. 45 No. 1 (2017): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. or black turmeric belongs to the family Zingiberaceae is one of the important medicinal plant that is widely distributed in Southeast Asia, including in Indonesia. This plant has been used by the people especially as raw material for medicine and cosmetics industries. However, the development of black turmeric is still constrained by the availability of germplasm collection and improved varieties. The objective of this study was to determine the vegetative morphological characters and phylogenetic relationship among 10 accessions of black turmeric and 3 accessions of genus Curcuma in Indonesia. Data was collected for 15 morphological quantitative characters of black turmeric at the Experimental Garden at Sukamantri IPB based on UPOV and PPVFRA descriptors. The result of principal component analysis has determined three principal components with the proportion of diversity 73.94%. Cluster analysis three clusters accession of black turmeric, namely cluster 1 consisted of accession Cianjur, Malang, Rimbo, and Kendal; cluster 2 consisted of accession Bogor, turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), java turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.), Liwa, Natar, white turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria Roscoe.); cluster 3 consisted of accession Cirebon, Kuningan 1, and Kuningan 2. Keywords: cluster, component analysis, germplasm, medicinal plant, phylogenetic

Evaluasi Hasil dan Kandungan Pati Mutan Ubi Kayu Hasil Iradiasi Sinar Gamma Generasi M1V4 Isnani Subekti; Nurul Khumaida; Sintho Wahyuning Ardie; dan Muhamad Syukur
Indonesian Journal of Agronomy Vol. 46 No. 1 (2018): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Cassava is one of the important starch producer crops. Although Indonesia ranks as the third largest cassava producer country, Indonesia still imports cassava starch to meet the domestic demand in food and non-food industries. Gamma ray irradiation has been implemented to generate cassava mutants in order to support development of superior cassava variety, especially high yield and high starch content, especially high yield and high starch content. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the yield potential and the starch content of gamma irradiated 40 putative cassava mutants at M1V4 generation. This research was arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications and conducted at Cikabayan Experimental Field, IPB, Bogor, from May 2016 to March 2017. The starch content was measured using gravimetric methods. The results showed that five mutants, G2142, G3151, G2141, G1143, and G3111, had higher tuber weight per plant (6-7 kg per plant) compared to the background ‘Gajah’ genotype (4.7 kg per plant). ‘G2112’ mutant genotype showed higher starch content (23.86%) compared to the background ‘Gajah’ genotype (17.65%). The specific gravity (SG) was positively correlated with starch content (r = 0.905), indicated that the higher the SG, the higher the starch content of cassava.Keywords: gravimetric, mutant, specific gravity (SG), yield

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