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All Journal Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi Folia Medica Indonesiana Jurnal Media Gizi Indonesia (MGI) Sari Pediatri Paediatrica Indonesiana Health Notions Jurnal Medik Veteriner Amerta Nutrition Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pathology and Medical Laboratory (IJCPML) Media Gizi Kesmas Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology MEDICINUS

Roedi Irawan

Child Health Department, Faculty Of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya

Author-ID : 2535774

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Dentistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary Other

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Perbandingan Jumlah Limfosit Total pada Anak Gizi Buruk dengan Infeksi dan Tanpa Infeksi HIV Nur Aisiyah Widjaja; Dina Angelika; Siti Nurul Hidayati; Roedi Irawan
Sari Pediatri Vol 15, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Badan Penerbit Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia (BP-IDAI)

Latar belakang. Anak gizi buruk dengan dan tanpa infeksi HIV mempunyai tampilan klinis yang hampir sama. Jumlah limfosit total (TLC) dapat digunakan sebagai parameter respon imun selular pada anak gizi buruk dan sebagai penilaian penurunan respon imun selular pada HIV yang dapat dipakai sebagai skrining awal.Tujuan. Membandingkan jumlah limfosit total pada anak gizi buruk dengan dan tanpa infeksi HIV.Metode. Penelitian analitik deskriptif retrospektif dari data sekunder status pasien gizi buruk umur 0-60 bulan yang dirawat di bangsal anak RSUD Dr Soetomo, Surabaya sejak tahun 2004-2009. Data yang diambil adalah data umur, jenis kelamin, dan status infeksi HIV. Diagnosis HIV berdasarkan pemeriksaan serologi tiga metode dan PCR. Semua pasien gizi buruk dengan dan tanpa HIV dihitung jumlah limfosit totalnya. Analisis data menggunakan chi-square dan t-test.Hasil. Didapatkan 58 anak dengan gizi buruk dan 14 anak disertai dengan infeksi HIV. Nilai rerata TLC pada anak gizi buruk dengan infeksi HIV 2743 (1008-4479), sedangkan tanpa infeksi HIV 6260 (4755-7766). Kelompok anak gizi buruk dengan infeksi HIV mempunyai TLC lebih rendah dibandingkan tanpa HIV (2743 vs 6260) yang bermakna secara statistik dengan mean difference -3517(-5740 sampai -1295 ),p=0,003. Perbedaan bermakna terutama pada kelompok umur 12-23 bulan (2279 vs 7403) dengan mean difference-5124 (-9074 sampai -1168), p=0.015. Kesimpulan. Anak gizi buruk dengan infeksi HIV mempunyai jumlah limfosit total yang lebih rendah dibandingkan gizi buruk tanpa infeksi HIV terutama pada kelompok umur 12-23 bulan.

DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS AND BODY MASS INDEX IN OBESE ADOLESCENTS Nur Aisyah Widjaja; Rendi Aji Prihaningtyas; Meta Herdiana Hanindita; Roedi Irawan
Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi Vol. 7 No. 3 (2019): Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi (Periodic Epidemiology Journal)
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Background: The prevalence of adolescent obesity is increasing in Indonesia. Obesity can reduce the quality of life, especially as most obese adolescents remain obese after they become adult. In obese adolescents, the higher their IMT (intima-media thickness), the higher the risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Purpose: The aim of this study is to analyse the correlation of demographic characteristics with BMI (body mass index) in adolescents with obesity. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study on adolescents with obesity conducted in the Paediatric Nutrition and Metabolic Disease Clinic of Dr Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya. The data on demographic characteristics, such as gender, number of siblings, paternal education, maternal education, and maternal occupation, were collected using the interview method. Data on anthropometry were collected to calculate BMI. Obesity is established if it is higher than the 95th percentile, based on CDC percentile of BMI, according to age and sex. Data were analysed using multiple regression. Results: A total of 59 obese adolescents, between 13 and 16 years old, were involved. As many as 49.20% of respondents had one sibling. As many as 52.50% of respondents had a father with a high school education and 44.10% of respondents had mothers with a high school education; 61% of respondents had working mothers. There was no correlation between BMI and demographic characteristics (p> 0.05), except for number of siblings (p = 0.02). Conclusion: In this study, the number of siblings was correlated with BMI. A study with a greater number of obese adolescents and with adolescents who have normal nutritional status is needed to fully assess the influence of demographic characteristics on BMI in obese adolescents.

Microbiological Assessment of Fresh Expressed Breast Milk on Room Temperature at Dr. Soetomo Hospital Neonatal Unit Nur Aisyah Widjaja; Kartika Hardiyani; Meta Herdiana Hanindita; Roedi Irawan
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 55 No. 1 (2019): March
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Storing EBM at room temperature in several hours before consuming, frequently found in Indonesia. Based on Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine guidelines EBM can last for 6 to 8 hours in room temperature (25oC or 77oF). However, currently there hasn’t been study in tropical country especially Indonesia for the guidelines. This study aimed to assess microbiological quality of EBM on room temperature, including bacterial growth and major bacterial found on EBM for health care and society recommendations. An observational study of 30 expressed breast milk samples provided by 30 healthy women with term baby below 6 month old. The samples were kept sterile and laid at plates for 0 hours, 2 hours, 4 hours and 6 hours in room temperature (26°-32° C) and used drop plate technique on several culture media. Data was analyzed by Chi-square and paired sample T-test. Thirty of unheated fresh EBM from 30 lactating mothers were stored at room temperature, examined for the degree of bacterial contamination at 0 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, and 6 hours. All the EBM samples were contaminated at 2 hour. Bacterial species identified was Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS), Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus faecalis, range of growth 109 cfu/ml-63 x 109 cfu/mm3 after 6 hour of storage. The EBM exposed at room temperature (30-36 0C) for more than two hour reduce the quality and do not recommended to be given to the infants.

Effect of Different Complementary Feeding on Iron Deficiency Anemia and Growth in Breastfed Infants: Home-Made VS Commercial Roedi Irawan; Nur Aisiyah Widjaja; Meta Herdiana Hanindita
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 55 No. 2 (2019): June
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

After approximately 6 months of age, term breastfed infants are increasingly depend on other sources of iron to avoid iron deficiency anemia, due to the depletion of the low concentration of iron in human milk. The appropriate complementary feeding must include a balance composition of foods containing an adequate amount of macro- and micronutrients to avoid iron deficiency anemia. This study aimed to compare the risk of iron deficiency and growth in breastfeed infants receiving commercial fortified complementary foods or home-made. A cross-sectional study was held on April-June 2016 to evaluate infants aged 6-24 months with breast feeding intake for 6 month of life. Complementary feeding practices were determined by questionnaire; an unquantified food frequency and feeding practices questionnaire was used to determine usual food intake. Biochemical assessment of haemoglobin (Hb), serum ferritin (SF) and serum iron (SI) level were measured. Anthropometric were assessed using WHO Child Growth Standard 2005. Statistical analysis used were Chi-square Test. Thirty eight infants were enrolled, mean age of 16.2 (SD 10.5) months. 17 infants consumed commercial complementary foods and 21 infants use home-made. Infants with home-made had lower Hb level, SF and SI than those receiving commercial complementary food, and had higher risk of underweight, stunted and wasted. Infants with home-made complementary food had lower haemoglobin, serum feritin and serum iron levels than those in fortified complementary food CF; and a higher risk of stunted and wasted than children with commercial fortified CF.

Vitamin D, insulin-like growth factor-1, and stunting in children with transfusion-dependent thalassemia I Gusti Ayu Putu Eka Pratiwi; Roedi Irawan; I Dewa Gede Ugrasena; Muhammad Faizi
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 62 No 2 (2022): March 2022
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi62.2.2022.98-103

Background Transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) has a major impact on a child's growth and is associated with stunting, risk of vitamin D deficiency, and decreased insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). To date, the relationship between vitamin D levels and stunting in TDT remains unclear. Futhermore, the role of vitamin D and IGF-1 in mediating stunting in TDT patients is still unknown. Objective To investigate the relationship between stunting and vitamin D as well as IGF-1 levels in children with TDT. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 50 TDT children aged 5 to 18 years, included consecutively from the Pediatric Hemato-oncology Outpatient Clinic, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, East Java. Subjects were divided into two groups: stunted (S) and not stunted (NS). Vitamin D and IGF-1 were evaluated by antibody competitive immunoassay and sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Age, sex, and duration of repeated transfusion were analyzed as confounding factors. Results Median IGF-1 levels were 91.43 (13.67-192.86) ng/mL and 161.53 (17.99-363.01) ng/mL in the S and NS groups, respectively (P=0.011). Mean vitamin D levels were 20 (+ 5.71) ng/mL and 20.46 (5.25) ng/mL in the S and NS groups, respectively (P=0.765). The correlation coefficient (r) of vitamin D and IGF-I levels was not significant. Multivariate analysis showed that low IGF-1 levels, male, and longer duration of repeated transfusions were associated with stunting in children with TDT. Conclusion Low IGF-1 level is associated with stunting in children with TDT. Vitamin D is not significantly associated with either stunting or IGF-1 in children with TDT.

Evaluation of the Progressivity Parameters of Chronic Kidney Disease after Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation in Children Esthy Poespitaningtyas; Roedi Irawan; Ninik Asmaningsih Soemyarso; Jusak Nugraha
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 26, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v26i2.1467

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is not an uncommon issuein children. Chronic kidney disease is the abnormality ofstructure or function of the kidney that occurs for more than three months. The presence of a longitudinal decline inGlomerulus Filtration Rate (GFR), proteinuria, and hypertension Are the characteristics of CKD. One of the recommendationsof nutritional supplementation as the prevention of CKD is by the administration of oral Branched-Chain Amino Acid (BCAA).To date, there has been no research to analyze the effects of the BCAA on children with stage 2-4CKD. This study aimed toanalyze the effect of BCAA in inhibiting the progressivity of stage 2-4 CKD in children and improving nutritional status.Astudy with randomized pre-post test controlled trial design was performed in the Outpatient Clinic of Pediatric Nephrologyin Dr. Soetomo Hospital with stage 2-4CKD. The subjects were divided into two groups, such as the BCAA and placebo, andwere monitored for eight weeks to be evaluated the GFR, albumin, proteinuria, blood pressure, and nutritional status.Sixteen children with stage 2-4 CKD dominated by 71.4% of male patients were enrolled in this study. The mean age was 12.5(SD 2.90) years. Approximately 50% (p=0.767) stage 2 chronic kidney, 50% (p=1.000) moderate malnutrition, and 64.28%(p=1.000) short stature were found, with nephrotic syndrome as the most common underlying cause of CKD (p=0.149). InBCAA group, decrease of GFR -5.08±7.13 (p=0.055), increase of serum albumin 0.20±0.23 (p=0.062), decrease of deltasystole -11.57±15.08 (p=0.565) and diastole -4.85±16.25 (p=0.708), weight loss -0.07±1.01 (p=0.828), an increase of height0.14±0.24 (p=0.771), and a decrease in BMI -0.03±0.74 (p=0.389) were reported. It was concluded that branched-chainamino acid (leucine, isoleucine, and valine) supplementation did not provide a significant effect to inhibit progressivity ofstage 2-4CKD in children and improvement of nutritional status.

Physical Exercise Does Not Improve Colon Inflammation in Mice Induced Lambda Carrageenan Ana Qonitatillah; Kristanti Wanito Wigati; Roedi Irawan
Jurnal Medik Veteriner Vol. 3 No. 1 (2020): April
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a well known reported gastrointestinal tract disease, which the prevalence continous to increase in Southeast Asia and other developing countries. Animal model have already been widely used for gut inflammation study. Lambda (λ) carrageenan is a chemical substance which commonly used to induced inflammation in IBD animal models. Physical exercise is a non-pharmacological therapy recommended for IBD. However, further study is needed to determine the effects of this therapy. This study was aimed to determine the physical exercise effect on colon inflammation in mice induced λ-carrageenan. Thirty-eight mice were divided into 2 groups. Control group (C) which induced with λ-carrageenan and treatment group (T) which induced by λ-carrageenan and treadmill exercise. The degree of colon inflammation was obtained by histopathological examination using Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining and inflammation scoring system, which include inflammatory cell infiltration and intestinal architecture. All mice colon samples in both group were inflamed with varying degrees. The treatment group had a higher Inflammatory degree score than control group (p <0.05). Physical exercise does not improved the degree of colon inflammation in mice induced λ-carrageenan due to uncontrolled stress induction and water intake containing λ-carrageenan.

The Relationship Of Vitamin A Supplementation, Giving Immunization, And History Of Infection Disease With The Stunting Of Children Aged 24-59 Months In Puskesmas Mulyorejo, Surabaya Melvanda Gisela Putri; Roedi Irawan; Indri Safitri Mukono
Media Gizi Kesmas Vol. 10 No. 1 (2021): Juni 2021
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mgk.v10i1.2021.72-79

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Stunting merupakan suatu istilah yang menggambarkan kondisi pertumbuhan tinggi badan kurang berdasarkan umur disesuaikan dengan Z-Score (<-2SD). Stunting pada balita dapat diakibatkan oleh kurangnya asupan zat gizi yang diperlukan bagi pertumbuhan anak. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan suplementasi vitamin A, pemberian imunisasi dan riwayat penyakit infeksi yakni diare dan ISPA terhadap kejadian stunting.Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan suplementasi vitamin A, pemberian imunisasi, dan penyakit infeksi terhadap stunting pada anak usia 24-59 bulan di Puskesmas Mulyorejo, Surabaya.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan metode cross sectional. Besar sampel adalah 107 anak usia 24-59 bulan di Puskesmas Mulyorejo, Surabaya. terdiri dari 25 anak kelompok stunting dan 82 anak kelompok non- stunting. Cara pengambilan data melalui data sekunder posyandu dan wawancara langsung orang tua anak dengan pengisian kuisioner. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-Square, Fisher Exact, dan Mann Whitney.Hasil: Penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil terdapat hubungan suplementasi vitamin A dengan stunting (p=0,000), tidak ada hubungan antara pemberian imunisasi terhadap stunting (p=0,332). Dalam riwayat penyakit infeksi, frekuensi diare dan ISPA ditemukan tidak ada hubungan dengan stunting (p=0,053 dan p=0,082), begitu pula pada lama diare dan lama ISPA tidak berhubungan dengan stunting (p= 0,614 dan p=0,918).Kesimpulan: Suplementasi vitamin A berhubungan signifikan dengan stunting yang diamati pada anak usia 24-59 bulan di Puskesmas Mulyorejo, Surabaya. Kata kunci: Stunting, vitamin A, imunisasi, penyakit infeksi, anak usia 24-59 bulanABSTRACTBackground: Stunting is a term that describes condition of lower height-for-age Z-Score (<-2SD). Stunting among children can be caused by a lack of nutrients needed for children's growth. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between vitamin A supplementation, immunization and a history of infectious diseases, namely diarrhea and ARI to the incidence of stunting.Objectives: To determine the relationship between vitamin A supplementation, immunization, and history of infectious disease with the incidence of stunting in children aged 24-59 months at Puskesmas Mulyorejo, Surabaya.Methods: This study was an observational analytic study with cross sectional method. The sample size was 107 children aged 24-59 months at Puskesmas Mulyorejo, Surabaya. This study consisted of 25 children in the stunting group and 82 children in the non-stunting group. The method of data collection was through secondary data from posyandu and direct interviews with parents by filling out questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test, fisher exact, and Mann Whitney.Results: The results of this study indicated that there was a relationship between vitamin A supplementation and with stunting (p = 0.000). There was no relationship between immunization and stunting (p = 0.332). In the history of infectious diseases, the frequency of diarrhea and ARI was found to have no relationship with stunting (p = 0.053 and p = 0.082), as well as the duration of diarrhea and duration of ARI there was no association with the stunting (p = 0.614 and p = 0.918).Conclusion: Vitamin A supplementation has significant relationship with stunting in children aged 24-59 months at Puskesmas Mulyorejo, Surabaya.Keyword: Stunting, vitamin A, immunization, infectious disease, children aged 24-59 months

Diet dan Sindrom Metabolik pada Remaja Obesitas Rendi Aji Prihaningtyas; Nur Aisiyah Widjaja; Meta Herdiana Hanindita; Roedi Irawan
Amerta Nutrition Vol. 4 No. 3 (2020): AMERTA NUTRITION
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C, Mulyorejo, Surabaya-60115, East Java, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/amnt.v4i3.2020.191-197

ABSTRACTBackground : The prevalence of obesity in adolescents is increasing and causes metabolic syndrome at a young age. Metabolic syndrome results from the interaction of environmental, genetic, and dietary factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the diet profile of obese adolescents suffering from metabolic syndrome.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study of obese adolescents who visited the Pediatric Nutrition and Metabolic Disease in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya. The anthropometry examination (weight, height and waist circumference), blood pressure, and blood tests (HDL cholesterol, triglycerides and blood glucose levels) were measured. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was based on the International Diabetes Federation. Food consumption data was obtained through direct interviews using data collection sheets. Analysis of dietary differences in obese adolescents suffering from metabolic syndrome was performed by chi square using SPSS.Results and Discussions: A total of 59 obese adolescents aged 13-16 years were involved in this study. A total of 27 subjects (45.8%) suffered from metabolic syndrome and 32 subjects (54.2%) did not suffer from metabolic syndrome. The level of the consumption of fish, vegetables, and fruit in obese adolescents were still low. There was no significant difference in the diet profile between obese adolescents who suffer from metabolic syndrome or not.Conclusion: Prevention strategies through food consumption patterns are needed in obese adolescents to control metabolic stress processes and prevent metabolic syndrome in the future. Diet knowledge in obese adolescents needs to be given early to prevent further complications. Increasing foods that contain anti-oxidants, such as fruits and vegetables, is one of the strategies to prevent metabolic syndrome in obese adolescents.ABSTRAKLatar Belakang : Prevalensi obesitas pada remaja semakin meningkat dan menyebabkan sindrom metabolik di usia muda. Sindrom metabolik terjadi akibat interaksi faktor lingkungan, genetik, dan diet. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui profil diet pada remaja obesitas yang menderita sindrom metabolik.Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang pada remaja obesitas yang berkunjung di Poli Nutrisi dan Penyakit Metabolik Anak di RSUD Dr. Soetomo, Surabaya. Pada subyek dilakukan pemeriksaan antropometri (berat badan, tinggi badan, dan lingkar pinggang), pemeriksaan tekanan darah, dan pemeriksaan darah (kolesterol HDL, trigliserida, dan kadar glukosa darah). Diagnosis sindrom metabolik ditegakkan berdasarkan International Diabetes Federation. Data konsumsi makanan didapatkan melalui wawancara langsung dengan menggunakan lembar pengumpul data. Analisis perbedaan diet pada remaja obesitas yang menderita sindrom metabolik dilakukan dengan chi square menggunakan SPSS.Hasil dan Pembahasan : Sebanyak 59 remaja obesitas yang berusia 13-16 tahun terlibat dalam penelitian ini. Sebanyak 27 subyek (45,8%) menderita sindrom metabolik dan sebanyak 32 subyek (54,2%) tidak menderita sindrom metabolik. Tingkat konsumsi ikan, sayur, dan buah pada remaja obesitas masih rendah. Tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna pada profil diet antara remaja obesitas yang menderita sindrom metabolik maupun tidak.Kesimpulan : Strategi pencegahan melalui pola konsumsi makanan diperlukan pada remaja obesitas untuk mengontrol proses stres metabolik sehingga dapat mencegah sindrom metabolik di masa datang. Pengetahuan diet pada remaja obesitas perlu diberikan sejak dini untuk mencegah komplikasi lebih lanjut. Memperbanyak makanan yang mengandung anti-oksidan, seperti buah dan sayur merupakan salah satu strategi mencegah sindrom metabolik pada remaja obesitas.

Perbedaan Gejala pada Anak Autis yang Diet Bebas Gluten dan Kasein dengan yang Tidak Diet di Surabaya Alifah Fajriyyatul Izzah; Widati Fatmaningrum; Roedi Irawan
Amerta Nutrition Vol. 4 No. 1 (2020): AMERTA NUTRITION
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C, Mulyorejo, Surabaya-60115, East Java, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/amnt.v4i1.2020.36-42

Background: Autism disorders can disrupt the quality of life of autism children. One popular diet therapy for children with autism is a gluten and casein free diet. Gluten and casein free diet based on opioid theory are still pros and cons.Objective: To determine the difference of symptoms in autistic children who are free from gluten and casein and those who are not.Method: An observational analytic cross-sectional study was conducted at several autistic therapy centers in Surabaya. The study was carried out in children with autism aged 3-12 years and was diagnosed by a specialist. The research subjects were selected by purposive sampling method. Data collected, including data on the child's identity, data on the identity of parents, data on gluten and casein implementation were obtained through the FFQ questionnaire and data on symptoms of autistic children were obtained from the ATEC questionnaire.Results: Autistic symptom scores were good for communication skills, social interactions, cognitive responses, and behavioral disorders in autistic children on diets rather than those who did not. Bivariate test results showed that there were significant differences in the variable behavior disorder (p=0.021) and the total score (p=0.018).Conclusion: There are differences in symptoms in autistic children who are free from gluten and casein and those who are not especially on behavioral disorders.ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Gangguan autisme dapat mengganggu kualitas hidup anak autis. Salah satu terapi diet populer bagi anak autis adalah diet bebas gluten dan kasein. Diet bebas gluten dan kasein yang didasari oleh teori opioid masih menjadi pro kontra.Tujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan gejala pada anak autis yang diet bebas gluten dan kasein dengan yang tidak diet.Metode: Penelitian analitik observasional rancangan cross sectional dilakukan di beberapa pusat terapi autis di Surabaya. Penelitian dilakukan pada anak autis berusia 3 – 12 tahun dan telah didiagnosis oleh dokter ahli. Subyek penelitian dipilih dengan metode purposive sampling. Data yang dikumpulkan, meliputi data identitas anak, data identitas orang tua, data pelaksanaan diet bebas gluten dan kasein diperoleh melalui kuesioner FFQ serta data gejala pada anak autis diperoleh dari kuesioner ATEC.Hasil: Gambaran gejala pada anak autis yang diet bebas gluten dan kasein lebih ringan daripada yang tidak diet berupa gangguan kemampuan komunikasi, interaksi sosial, respon kognitif dan gangguan perilaku. Hasil uji bivariat menunjukkan ada perbedaan yang signifikan pada variabel gangguan perilaku (p=0,021) dan skor ATEC total (p=0,018).Kesimpulan: Ada perbedaan gejala pada anak autis yang diet bebas gluten dan kasein dengan yang tidak diet terutama pada gangguan perilaku.

Co-Authors Alexander Leonard Caesar Josediputra Alifah Fajriyyatul Izzah Ana Qonitatillah Ayuning Tetirah Ramadhani Boerhan Hidajat Boerhan Hidayat Boerhan Hidayat Budi Prasety Chasan Ismail Christine Florens Christine Florens Darto Saharso Dina Angelika Dwi Lestari Avianti Eddy Bagus Wasito Esthy Poespitaningtyas Frieska Piesesha Hanindita, Meta Herdiana Hanindita, Meta Herdiana Hardiani, Kartika Hardiyani, Kartika Hartojo Hartojo Hidayatunnikmah, Nina I Dewa Gede Ugrasena I Gusti Ayu Putu Eka Pratiwi Indri Safitri Mukono Jusak Nugraha Kartika Hardiyani Khadijah Rizky Sumitro Khadijah Rizky Sumitro Mahrus A. Rahman Masayu Ramadhani Polanunu Meity Ardiana Melvanda Gisela Putri Meta Herdiana Hanindita Meta Herdiana Hanindita Meta Herdiana Hanindita Meta Herdiana Hanindita Meta Herdiana Hanindita Meta Herdiana Hanindita Meta Herdiana Hanindita Meta Herdiana Hanindita Meta Herdiana Hanindita Meta Herdiana Hanindita Meta Herdiana Hanindita Meta Herdiana Hanindita Meta Herdiana Hanindita Miriawati Miriawati Muhammad Faizi Nanda Hudawarrahmah Ninik Asmaningsih Soemyarso Nur Aisiyah Widjaja Nur Aisiyah Widjaja Nur Aisiyah Widjaja Nur Aisiyah Widjaja Nur Aisiyah Widjaja Nur Aisiyah Widjaja, Nur Aisiyah Nur Aisiyah Widjaya Nur Aisiyah Wijaya Nur Aisyah Widjaja Nur Aisyah Widjaja Piesesha, Frieska Rendi Aji Prihaningtyas Rendi Aji Prihaningtyas Rendi Aji Prihaningtyas Rendi Aji Prihaningtyas Rendi Aji Prihaningtyas Rina Elizabeth Risa Etika, Risa Rizky Arisanti Maharani Siti Nurul Hidayati Siti Nurul Hidayati Taufiq Hidayat Widati Fatmaningrum Widati Fatmaningrum Widjaja, Nur Aisyah Wigati, Kristanti Wanito Windhu Purnomo Windhu Purnomo

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