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Neuroprotective effect of vitamin D3 toward apoptosis induced by ethanol in CA1 pyramidal cells of rat hippocampus Dwi Cahyani Ratna Sari, Junaedy Yunus Djoko Prakosa
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 44, No 01 (2012)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1610.308 KB)

As an antioxidant, Vitamin D3 can protect neurons from damage caused by oxidative stress.Ethanol is known to have neurotoxic effects by inducing an increase in oxidative stress. One ofthe brain regions that is most sensitive to neurotoxic effects induced by ethanol is hippocampus,especially its CA1 region. This study was aimed to determine the neuroprotective effects ofvitamin D3 in preventing the apoptosis in CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cells induced by ethanol.Fifteen male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were randomly divided into three groups. The controlgroup was given daily normal saline solution intraperitoneally. The ethanol group was given20% ethanol solution at a dose of 3 g/kg BW/day intraperitoneally. The vitamin D3 group wasgiven vitamin D3 1 Î¼g/kg BW/day in 20% ethanol solution at a dose of 3 g/kg BW/dayintraperitoneally. After 30 days, the rats were sacrificed, their brains were perfused with PBSfollowed by fixative and the hippocampus was dissected for histological preparations.Immunohistochemical staining for caspase was performed. Percentage of apoptotic CA1hippocampal pyramidal cells was calculated. The results showed there was no significant difference(p> 0.05) on the total number of pyramidal cells between the control group (20.52 Â± 1.31), theethanol group (19.02 Â± 1.60), and the vitamin D3 group (21. 06 Â± 0.70) per field of view.However there was a significant increase (p<0.05) in the percentage of apoptotic CA1hippocampal pyramidal cells in in the ethanol group (16.09 Â± 0.67%) compared to the controlgroup (10.60 Â± 0.95%). Vitamin D3 significantly (p<0.05) prevented an increase in the percentageof apoptotic CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cells in the vitamin D3 group (10.82 Â± 0.64%). Inconclusion, vitamin D3 had a neuroprotective effect to prevent an increase in apoptosis in CA1hippocampal pyramidal cells to the neurotoxic effects induced by ethanol.

Gambaran Faktor Risiko Prolaps Organ Panggul Pasca Persalinan Vaginal di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Pangastuti, Nuring; Sari, Dwi Cahyani Ratna; Santoso, Budi Iman; Agustiningsih, Denny; Emilia, Ova
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 50, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Prolaps organ panggul merupakan salah satu bentuk disfungsi dasar panggul pada perempuan. Disfungsi dasar panggul adalah keadaan terganggunya fungsi dasar panggul merupakan salah satu kondisi kesehatan yang banyak dikeluhkan perempuan. Lebih dari 46% perempuan dengan riwayat persalinan vaginal mengalami disfungsi dasar panggul,dan peningkatan jumlah paritas berkorelasi dengan peningkatan kejadian prolaps organ panggul. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran karakteristik faktor risiko prolaps organ panggul pasca persalinan vaginal di wilayah Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Penelitian dilakukan pada Januariâ€“Maret 2018. Hasil penelitian didapatkan 51 subjek penelitian dengan persalinan vaginal yang dapat dilakukan pemeriksaan POPQ pada 3 bulan pascapersalinan. Prolaps organ panggul didapatkan pada sebagian besar pasien pascasalin, yaitu sejumlah 46 orang, prolaps uteri 33 orang, sistokel 44 orang, serta rektokel pada 46) orang. Hanya 5 orang yang tidak memiliki gambaran prolaps organ panggul pada 3 bulan pascapersalinan.Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa faktor risiko prolaps organ panggul pascapersalinan vaginal di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta terdiri atas faktor intrinsik (usia ibu, panjang genital hiatus maupun perineal body), dan ekstrinsik (paritas, indeks massa tubuh overweight dan obes, kenaikan berat badan selama hamil >15 kg, serta dilakukan episiotomi dan terjadi robekan perineum). Upaya pencegahan terutama edukasi, perbaikan gaya hidup, pengendalian indeks massa tubuh, pengaturan diet, olahraga penguatan otot dasar panggul, pembatasan jumlah kehamilan dan persalinan, serta pertolongan persalinan sesuai Asuhan persalinan normal.Â Kata kunci: Disfungsi dasar panggul, faktor risiko, persalinan vaginal, prolaps organ panggulÂ Risk Factors for Pelvic Organ Prolapse in Women with History of Vaginal Delivery in YogyakartaPelvic organ prolapse is one form of pelvic floor dysfunctions in women that impairs the pelvic floor function and also one of the most frequently conditions complained by women. More than 46% women with history of vaginal delivery have experienced pelvic floor dysfunction where higher number of parity correllates to increased pelvic organ prolapse incident. The aim of this study was to understand theÂ characteristic risk factors of pelvic organ prolapse incident post vaginal delivery in Special Region of Yogyakarta. The study ws performed during the period of January to March 2018 on 51 subjects with history of vaginal delivery evaluated using POPQ in 3 months postpartum. Pelvic floor dysfunction was present in most postpartum patients, i,e, 46 people while 33 experienced uterine prolapse, 44 experienced cystocele, and 46 experienced rectocele. Only 5 subjects had no pelvic floor dysfunction in any form. Risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse in post vaginal delivery in the Special Region of Yogyakarta consist of intrinsic factors (maternal age, genital length of hiatus, and perineal body), and extrinsic factors (parity, overweight status and obese status based on body mass index, weight gain during pregnancy exceeding 15 kg,Â episiotomy and the occurrence of perineal rupture). Prevention actions includeÂ education followed by lifestyle improvement, control of body mass index, dietary regulation, exercise, restrictions on the number of pregnancies and childbirth, and safe delivery according to normal birth care standard.Key words: Pelvic floor dysfunction, pelvic organ prolapse, risk factors, vaginal delivery

Pengaruh Ekstrak Etanol Pegagan (Centella asiatica ) Terhadap Volume Hippocampus Tikus (Rattus norvegicus) Pasca Stres Kronik Zulhamidah, Yenni; Wiyono, Nanang; Ratna Sari, Dwi Cahyani; Partadiredja, Ginus
Majalah Kesehatan Pharmamedika Vol 5, No 1 (2013): JUNI 2013
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian Universitas YARSI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33476/mkp.v5i1.1103

Background. Chronic stress caused by restraint stress induces an increase in corticosterone (glucocorticoid) that result decreased hippocampal vollume. Centella asiatica has long been used for various neurological disturbances in Southeast Asian countries. Aims. The research aims to investigate the effects of ethanol extracts of Centella Asiatica to prevent the decrease of hippocampal vollume after chronic stress. Methods. Thirty male adult rats (Sprague Dawley) with body weight of 250-350 gram was randomly subdivided into six groups of treatments: Nonstress control group was given 2% Pulvis Gummi Arabicum (PGA), Stress control groups( PGA 2 %), groups treated with fluoxetine 10mg/kgbw/day , and Ca150, Â Ca300, Ca600 containing ethanol extracts of Centella asiatica with doses 150 mg/kgbw/day, 300 mg/kgbw/day, 600 mg/kgbw/day a, respectively followed by restraint stress. Â After 21 days of stress, rats underwent Morris Water Maze test for 6 days, perfused, and hippocampus was collected for histological processing. Toluidine blue staining is used to asses the estimation of hippocampal volume. Results. The estimated hippocampal volume were 3.1512 Â± 1.01 (nonstress), 2.4736 Â± 0.10 (stress), 2.7018 Â± 1.06 (Ca150), 2.7405 Â± 1.19 (Ca300), 2.2678 Â± 0.82 Â (Ca600) and 2.5818 Â± 0.70 (Fluoxetine). Statistic test showed that there were no significant diferrence between stress control group and groups treated. Conclusion. There is no the significant effects of Ethanol extracts of Centella Asiatica to prevent the decrease of hippocampal vollume after chronic stress.

Efek Neuroprotektif Vitamin D3 terhadap Jumlah Sel Purkinje Cerebellum yang Diinduksi Etanol Yunus, Junaedy; Sari, Dwi Cahyani Ratna
Mutiara Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 12, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/mmjkk.v12i2.1002

Vitamin D3 dapat bertindak sebagai antioksidan yang melindungi neuron terhadap kerusakan disebabkan stres oksidatif. Efek neurotoksik yang dimediasi oleh meningkatnya stress oksidatif dapat disebabkan oleh etanol. Otak kecil adalah salah satu daerah otak yang paling sensitif terhadap efek neurotoksik yang disebabkan oleh etanol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek neuroprotektif vitamin D3 untuk mencegah penurunan jumlah sel Purkinje cerebellum terhadap efek neurotoksik diinduksi etanol. Lima belas jantan galur Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) dibagi secara acak menjadi tiga kelompok. Kelompok kontrol diberi larutan garam normal, kelompok etanol diberi larutan etanol 20% dengan dosis 3Â g / kg BB / hari dan vitamin D3 kelompok diberikan vitamin D3 1 pg / kg BB / hari dalam etanol 20% solusi dengan dosis 3 g / kg BB / hari, intraperitoneal. Setelah 30 hari perlakuan, tikus perfusi dan otak kecil itu dibedah untuk persiapan histologis. Pewarnaan histologi dengan violet cresyl dengan metode fractionator. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah sel Purkinje cerebellum kelompok etanol (744,552 Â± 208.172,22)Â lebih kecil dari kelompok kontrol (957,240 Â± 160.353,03) dan vitamin D3 (983,448Â Â± 152.387,49) , tetapi secara statistik tidak berbeda bermakna (p 0,05) jumlah sel Purkinje cerebellum antara ketiga kelompok. Disimpulkan bahwa vitamin D3 belum terbuktiÂ memiliki efek neuroprotektif untuk mencegah penurunan jumlah sel Purkinje cerebellum disebabkan oleh pemberian etanol selama 30Â hari.Â Vitamin D3 can act as an antioxidant that protects neurons against damage caused by oxidative stress. Neurotoxic effects that are mediated by increased oxidative stress can be induced by the ethanol. Cerebellum is one of the brain regions most sensitive to neurotoxic effects induced by the ethanol. The purpose of this study was to determine the neuroprotective effects of vitamin D3 to prevent the decrease in the number of cerebellar Purkinje cells to the neurotoxic effects induced by ethanol. Fifteen male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were randomly divided into three groups. The control group was given normal saline solution; the ethanol group was given 20% ethanol solution at a dose of 3 g/kg BW/ day; and the vitamin D3 group was given vitamin D3 1 Âµg/kg BW/day in 20% ethanol solution at a dose of 3 g/kg BW/day, intraperitoneally. After 30 day treatment, the rats were perfused and the cerebellum was dissected for histological preparations. Histological staining with cresyl violet was performed to assess the number of cerebellar Purkinje cells by the method of fractionator. The results showed the number of cerebellar Purkinje cells in the ethanol group (744.552 Â± 208.172,22) was less than the control group (957.240 Â± 160.353,03) and vitamin D3 (983.448 Â± 152.387,49) , but statistically not significant difference ( p 0.05) on the number of cerebellar Purkinje cells among the three groups. It can be concluded that vitamin D3 had not been proven for its neuroprotective effect to prevent the decrease in the number of cerebellar Purkinje cells caused by ethanol administration for 30 days.

Efek Neuroprotektif Vitamin D3 terhadap Jumlah Sel Purkinje Cerebellum yang Diinduksi Etanol Yunus, Junaedy; Sari, Dwi Cahyani Ratna
Mutiara Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 12, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/mmjkk.v12i2.1002

Vitamin D3 dapat bertindak sebagai antioksidan yang melindungi neuron terhadap kerusakan disebabkan stres oksidatif. Efek neurotoksik yang dimediasi oleh meningkatnya stress oksidatif dapat disebabkan oleh etanol. Otak kecil adalah salah satu daerah otak yang paling sensitif terhadap efek neurotoksik yang disebabkan oleh etanol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek neuroprotektif vitamin D3 untuk mencegah penurunan jumlah sel Purkinje cerebellum terhadap efek neurotoksik diinduksi etanol. Lima belas jantan galur Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) dibagi secara acak menjadi tiga kelompok. Kelompok kontrol diberi larutan garam normal, kelompok etanol diberi larutan etanol 20% dengan dosis 3Â g / kg BB / hari dan vitamin D3 kelompok diberikan vitamin D3 1 pg / kg BB / hari dalam etanol 20% solusi dengan dosis 3 g / kg BB / hari, intraperitoneal. Setelah 30 hari perlakuan, tikus perfusi dan otak kecil itu dibedah untuk persiapan histologis. Pewarnaan histologi dengan violet cresyl dengan metode fractionator. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah sel Purkinje cerebellum kelompok etanol (744,552 Â± 208.172,22)Â lebih kecil dari kelompok kontrol (957,240 Â± 160.353,03) dan vitamin D3 (983,448Â Â± 152.387,49) , tetapi secara statistik tidak berbeda bermakna (p 0,05) jumlah sel Purkinje cerebellum antara ketiga kelompok. Disimpulkan bahwa vitamin D3 belum terbuktiÂ memiliki efek neuroprotektif untuk mencegah penurunan jumlah sel Purkinje cerebellum disebabkan oleh pemberian etanol selama 30Â hari.Â Vitamin D3 can act as an antioxidant that protects neurons against damage caused by oxidative stress. Neurotoxic effects that are mediated by increased oxidative stress can be induced by the ethanol. Cerebellum is one of the brain regions most sensitive to neurotoxic effects induced by the ethanol. The purpose of this study was to determine the neuroprotective effects of vitamin D3 to prevent the decrease in the number of cerebellar Purkinje cells to the neurotoxic effects induced by ethanol. Fifteen male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were randomly divided into three groups. The control group was given normal saline solution; the ethanol group was given 20% ethanol solution at a dose of 3 g/kg BW/ day; and the vitamin D3 group was given vitamin D3 1 Âµg/kg BW/day in 20% ethanol solution at a dose of 3 g/kg BW/day, intraperitoneally. After 30 day treatment, the rats were perfused and the cerebellum was dissected for histological preparations. Histological staining with cresyl violet was performed to assess the number of cerebellar Purkinje cells by the method of fractionator. The results showed the number of cerebellar Purkinje cells in the ethanol group (744.552 Â± 208.172,22) was less than the control group (957.240 Â± 160.353,03) and vitamin D3 (983.448 Â± 152.387,49) , but statistically not significant difference ( p 0.05) on the number of cerebellar Purkinje cells among the three groups. It can be concluded that vitamin D3 had not been proven for its neuroprotective effect to prevent the decrease in the number of cerebellar Purkinje cells caused by ethanol administration for 30 days.

Pengaruh Durasi Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Pegagan (Centella asiatica sp.) terhadap Memori Spasial Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) pascastres Listrik Sari, Dwi Cahyani Ratna; Pratama, Reza Satria; Aswin, Soedjono; Suharmi, Sri
Mutiara Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 11, No 2 (2011)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/mmjkk.v11i2.932

Beberapa penelitian telah dilakukan berkaitan dengan kemampuan pegagan sebagai neurotropik dan neuroprotektif. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengungkapkan pengaruh durasi pemberian ekstrak etanol pegagan dalam peningkatan memori spasial tikus putih pascastres. Pada penelitian ini, 21 tikus jantan, usia delapan minggu dibagi dalam tiga kelompok: dua kelompok perlakuan (K1 dan K2) dan satu kelompok kontrol (KN). Kelompok perlakuan menerima ekstrak ethanol pegagan sebesar 150 mg/kgBB/ ml secara oral selama empat(K1) dan enam(K2) minggu. Kelompok kontrol akan menerima aquades 1 ml selama enam minggu. Semua kelompok akan diuji memori dengan menggunakan maze radial delapan lengan selama 12 hari sebelum dan setelah perlakuan. Uji stres listrik selama 10 menit dilakukan sebelum perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan persentase tertinggi ketepatan pemilihan lengan dalam uji maze radial 2 (UMR2) untuk KN, K1 dan K2 masing-masing sebesar 23,6%, 44,8% dan 91,71%, dengan rerata persentase masing-masing sebesar 10,24%, 14,12% dan 53,33%. Uji Mann-Whitney menunjukkan bahwa persentase ketepatan pemilihan lengan berbeda secara bermakna antara satu kelompok dengan kelompok lainnya. Kesimpulannya adalah pegagan mampu meningkatkan memori spasial tikus putih pascastres dan pemberian ekstrak etanol pegagan selama enam minggu memberikan efek peningkatan memori yang lebih signifikan dibanding pemberian selama empat minggu.

Lamanya Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Centella asiatica sp. Meningkatkan Memori Spasial Tikus Pasca Stres Listrik Sari, Dwi Cahyani Ratna; Pratama, Reza Satria; Aswin, Soedjono; Suharmi, Sri
Mutiara Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 13, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/mmjkk.v13i3.2479

Beberapa penelitian telah dilakukan berkaitan dengan kemampuan Pegagan (Centella asiatica) sebagai neurotropik dan neuroprotektif. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengungkapkan pengaruh durasi pemberian ekstrak etanol C. asiatica dalam peningkatan memori spasial tikus putih pasca stres. Pada penelitian ini, 21 tikus jantan, umur delapan minggu dibagi dalam tiga kelompok: dua kelompok perlakuan (K1 dan K2) dan satu kelompok kontrol (KN). Kelompok perlakuan menerima ekstrak ethanol C. asiatica sebesar 150 mg/kgBB/ml secara oral selama empat (K1) dan enam (K2) minggu. Kelompok kontrol menerima aquades 1 ml selama enam minggu. Semua kelompok akan diuji memori dengan menggunakan maze radial delapan lengan selama 12 hari sebelum dan setelah perlakuan. Uji stres listrik selama 10 menit dilakukan sebelum perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan persentase tertinggi ketepatan pemilihÂan lengan dalam uji maze radial 2 (UMR2) untuk KN, K1 dan K2 masing-masing sebesar 23,6%, 44,8% dan 91,71%, dengan rerata persentase masing-masing sebesar 10,24%, 14,12% dan 53,33%. Uji Mann- Whitney menunjukkan bahwa persentase ketepatan pemilihan lengan berbeda secara bermakna antara satu kelompok dengan kelompok lainnya. Disimpulkan bahwa C. asiatica mampu meningkatkan memori spasial tikus putih pasca stres dan pemberian ekstrak etanol C. asiatica selama enam minggu memberikan efek peningkatan memori yang lebih signifikan dibanding pemberian selama empat minggu.Previous studies have shown the ability of Centella asiatica in enhancing memory by mean of its neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects. The objective of this study was to reveal the effect of C. asiatica ethanolic extractâ€™s administration duration on spatial memory in rat after electric-stress induced. Eight weeks male rats (n=21) were devided randomly into three groups, i.e. two treated groups (K1 and K2) and one control group (KN). The rats were induced by 10 minutes electrical shock and given 150 mg/ kgBW oral C. asiatica ethanolic extract daily for four (K1) and six (K2) weeks. Control groups received 1 mL aquadest daily. The results showed that the performance which assessed by measuring the percentÂage of correct-entered arm showed the maximum percentage on the accuracy of right-entering arm in radial arm maze test 2 (UMR2) of KN, K1 and K2 are respectively 23,6%, 44,8% and 91,71%, whereas the mean of percentage are 10,24%, 14,12% and 53,33%. Mann-Whitney test showed that there was significant difference among treated groups and control group (p 0,05). It is concluded that C. asiatica was able to enhance spatial memory and the effect is more prominent in the group with longer period of administration duration of Pegagan ethanolic extract.

Ethanol Extracts of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. Leaf Increase Superoxide Dismutase-2 (SOD-2) Expression on Rat Cerebellar Purkinje Cells After Chronic Stress Desby Juananda; Dwi Cahyani Ratna Sari; Mawaddah Ar-Rochmah; Nur Arfian; Muhammad Mansyur Romi
Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran Vol 11, No 2 (2017): Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Riau

Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa stres kronis meningkatkan produksi reactive oxygen species (ROS), dan /atau menekan mekanisme pertahanan antioksidan. Efek neuroprotektif dari Centella asiatica (L.). Urb telah dilaporkandapat melindungi neuron dari kerusakan oksidatif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efek ekstraketanol C. asiatica leaf terhadap ekspresi superoxide dismutase-2 sel (SOD- 2) pada sel Purkinje serebelum tikussetelah diberikan kejutan kronis di kaki. Sebanyak 25 tikus Sprague Dawley jantan dewasa muda diacak ke dalam limakelompok. Kelompok kontrol negatif terdiri dari tikus yang tidak stres; kelompok kontrol stres menerima aquadest; dankelompok lain diobati dengan dosis yang berbeda (mg / kg berat badan / hari, p.o.) ekstrak etanol daun C. asiatica: 150,300 dan 600, masing-masing diikuti oleh pemberian kejutan kronis di kaki selama dua puluh delapan hari. Ekspresi SOD-2 dari lapisan sel Purkinje diukur menggunakan metode imunohistokimia. Data dianalisis dengan one-way ANOVA (p<0,05). Kami menemukan bahwa ekspresi SOD-2 (%) dari lapisan sel Purkinje untuk kelompok kontrol negatif, kelompokkontrol stres, CeA150, CeA300 dan CeA600 kelompok adalah 22,38 ± 9,73, 9,81 ± 2,21, 10,29 ± 3,60, 14,72 ± 6,65, dan22,75 ± 10,93, masing-masing (p <0,05). Analisis post-hoc menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompokkontrol negatif dan kelompok kontrol stres (p <0,05). Ada juga perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok kontrolstres dan kelompok CeA600 (p <0,05), tetapi tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok perlakuan (p> 0,05).Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun C. asiatica meningkatkan ekspresi SOD-2 pada sel Purkinjecerebellar tikus setelah stres kronis.

Pengaruh Stres Kronik terhadap Otak: Kajian Biomolekuler Hormon Glukokortikoid dan Regulasi Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Pascastres di Cerebellum Desby Juananda; Dwi Cahyani Ratna Sari; Djoko Prakosa2,; Nur Arfian; Mansyur Romi
Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran Vol 9, No 2 (2015): Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Riau

The brain is the central organ of stress adaptation, and is also a target of stress. Chronic stress may result in abnormalchanges in brain plasticity; include dendritic retraction, neuronal toxicity, and suppression of neurogenesis andaxospinous synaptic plasticity. Repetitive stress exposure will gradually change the electrical characteristic, morphologyand proliferative capacity of neurons. Among brain region, the cerebellum is known to be severely affected by oxidativedamage associated with glucocorticoids level. It is believed due to the highest levels of glucocorticoid receptorslocalized in the external granular layer. BDNF, a member of neurotrophin family, is known to be a strong survivalpromoting factor, and plays a critical role in cell proliferation and differentiation, neuronal protection, and the regulationof synaptic function in the central nervous system. BDNF is highly expressed in the cerebellum, mainly in granulecells. Both acute and chronic stress change BDNF expression in the brain. Although the impact of stress on BDNFlevels showed the different results, BDNF is believed to protect neurons from injuries caused by stress.

Inverse correlation of kidney interstitial cells expansion with hemoglobin level and erythropoietin expression in single and repeated kidney ischemic/reperfusion injury in mice Dian Prasetyo Wibisono; Nur Arfian; Muhammad Mansyur Romi; Wiwit Ananda Wahyu Setyaningsih; Dwi Cahyani Ratna Sari
Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology Vol 24, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Ischemic/reperfusion injury (IRI) causes acute kidney injury that may lead to chronic kidney disease. We investigated the correlation between kidney interstitial cells expansion, hemoglobin level, and erythropoietin expression as the chronic effects of single and repeated kidney IRI in mice. We created an IRI model using male Swiss mice by clamping the bilateral renal pedicles. Subjects were divided into four groups that contained six mice each: control/sham operation, single acute IRI, single chronic IRI, and repeated IRI. Our results showed that the single chronic and repeated IRI groups significantly increased the tubular injury score, decreased the hemoglobin level, and increased erythropoietin expression compared with the control. Lower hemoglobin levels in all of the groups compared with the control was associated with erythropoietin resistance. In single chronic and repeated kidney IRI, there were decreased creatinine levels compared with the control. The decreased creatinine levels from the single acute IRI group to the single chronic IRI group, suggesting a repair phase of IRI starting on day 7 occurred in the single chronic IRI group. A macrophage marker, CD68, and an inflammatory mediator marker, MCP-1, significantly increased in all IR groups, indicating inflammation occurred due to IRI. In conclusion, chronic and repeated kidney IRI induced interstitial cells expansion and inflammation associated with anemia.

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