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Journal : International Journal of Engineering, Science and Information Technology

Characterization of Activated Carbon from Granulated Sugar Muhammad Muhammad; Mulyawan Mulyawan; M R F Rahman; Suryati Suryati
International Journal of Engineering, Science and Information Technology Vol 2, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Master Program of Information Technology, Universitas Malikussaleh, Aceh Utara, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (330.844 KB) | DOI: 10.52088/ijesty.v2i2.246

Abstract

Activated carbon that potentially acts as an adsorbent was prepared from granulated sugar. The activated sugar was prepared through a dehydration process followed by a chemical activation process with a concentrated NaOH solution. To comprehend the properties of prepared ready carbon, characterization of the carbon was needed to be conducted. The conducted methods for prepared activated carbon were FTIR for detecting present functional groups attached to carbon, BET to identify the porous structure of synthesized carbon, SEM method as a morphological indicating method on synthesized carbon, and carbon thermal stability characteristic information from the TGA method. It was found that the prepared activated carbon contained various functional groups. The distinguished functional groups presented were carboxylic acid, free alcohol, NH2, and SO3. The readily activated carbon showed a rough surface to enhance the adsorption process on the synthesized carbon from the SEM characterization method. BET on the readily activated carbon revealed that the activated carbon exhibited type IV isotherm, consisting dominantly of mesopores and micropores as a minority. TGA characterization method showed that the thermal stability of carbon was significantly unstable in the range of 100℃ and around 200℃. It implies that the prepared activated carbon contained OH as one of its functional groups. With all the characterization methods conducted on the readily activated carbon from granulated sugar, it was found that the prepared carbon had the potential to be utilized as an adsorbent. Moreover, it is suggested that the granular sugar-based carbon should be investigated in the following future study in the wastewater treatment process.
Application of Pisang Awak Bunch-Derived Heterogenous Base Catalyst in Transesterification of Palm Oil into Biodiesel Meriatna Meriatna; Zulmiardi Zulmiardi; Suryati Suryati; Sulhatun Sulhatun; Zukhrufi Dina Nasution; Rahmadhani Rahmadhani
International Journal of Engineering, Science and Information Technology Vol 2, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Master Program of Information Technology, Universitas Malikussaleh, Aceh Utara, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (301.396 KB) | DOI: 10.52088/ijesty.v2i1.204

Abstract

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for diesel machine comprosied of alkyl monoesters deriving from vegetable oils or animal fats. Cooking oil is an oil originated from vegetable or animal fat which has been priorly purified, where it appears in liquid form at room temperature and is usually used to fry food ingredients. Heterogenous catalyst is a catalyst present in different phase with the reagent in a reaction it catalyzes. Kalium content in banana in a banana bunch is sufficiently high reaching 94.4%. The aim of this study was to utilize banana bunch which has been priorly ashed using furnace at 700°C for 4 hours, thereafter, applied as a heterogenous catalyst in a the preparation process of biodiesel from cooking oil. Processing variables investigated in this research included the influences of the number of catalyst (3, 4, 5, 6, and 7%) and molar rasio of oil and methanol (1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, and 1:9) against the properties of produced biodiesel, namely density, viscosity, and water content which later compred with Indonesian standard (SNI). From the study, it was obtained maximum yield of 90.97% with methanol:oil rasio of 1:7 at processing temperature of 60°C with reaction time of 90 minutes and catalyst as much as 3 % w/w. The characteristics of the cooking oil-based biodiesel obtained from the a reaction with oil: methanol rasio of 1:6 and catalyst as much as 3% w/w were density 850 kg/m3 and viscosity 621 mm2/s. This research showed that the obtained biodiesel characteristics had been sufficient according to the SNI, and the use of calcinated banana bunch was very potential in the production of biodiesel acting as solid catalyst person.
Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan-Gelatin-Glycerol Biocomposite for Primary Wound Dressing Suryati Suryati; Meriatna Meriatna; Sulhatun Sulhatun; Dwi Ayu Lestari
International Journal of Engineering, Science and Information Technology Vol 2, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Master Program of Information Technology, Universitas Malikussaleh, Aceh Utara, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (469.552 KB) | DOI: 10.52088/ijesty.v2i1.203

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the laboratory-based preparation of chitosan-gelatin bio-composite with the addition of glycerol as an additive to improve its quality which could be further applied for primary wound dressing. The method consisted of three stages; the first was the preparation of raw materials, the second was the preparation of the bio-composites, and the last was the characterization. In this study,chitosan 90.2% DD and gelatine (dissolved in 1% acetic acid) were blended at volume ratios v/v (30:70), and glycerol was added into blended at five different volume 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 (mL) respectively. The biocomposites is then shaped in a glass mold, allowed to at room temperature for 24 hours, and dried in oven at 50oC for 48 hours. The chitosan-gelatin-glycerol bio-composites was smooth, flexible, transparent thin sheet and non-porous. The optimum thickness (4.01 mm) was obtained from a bio-composite with chitosan-gelatin-glycerol ratio of 30:70:45. The same composition rasio was found to have the liquid absorbance reaching 140.34%. The bio-composite with a chitosan-gelatin-glycerol ratio of 30:70:45 also had the highest swelling ability in saline (168.06%). The functional group analysis using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy revealed the possession of hydroxyl (O-H) and carbonyl (C-O) functional groups suggesting its good biodegradability and environmentally friendly properties. Taken altogether, the results imply the wound dressing bio-composite is hydrophilic. Based on the results of characteristic testing, it is shown that the chitosan-gelatin-glycerol biocomposite has the potential to be applied as a primary wound dressing, which is ideal for wound healing and protection.
Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan-Pectin-Citric Acid-Based Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications (Primary Wound Dressings) Suryati Suryati; Rizka Mulyawan; Sulhatun Sulhatun; Muhammad Muhammad; Nikmat Wanda
International Journal of Engineering, Science and Information Technology Vol 3, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Department of Information Technology, Universitas Malikussaleh, Aceh Utara, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52088/ijesty.v3i2.447

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the processing of chitosan-pectin biocomposite hydrogel with the addition of citric acid to improve the quality of the biocomposite for primary wound dressing applications. The method is printing the biopolymer solution in a glass mold, then drying at 50oC. Chitosan 90.2% DD and pectin dissolved in 1% acetic acid with a ratio (w/w) of 50:50. The two ingredients were mixed using a magnetic stirrer at room temperature for 30 minutes until completely dissolved, then added citric acid crosslinking agent with various concentrations of 2,4, 6,8,10 (%). The test results for the characteristics of the chitosan-pectin-acid biocomposite Citrate obtained the best thickness in the composition variation (50:50:8) of 0.31 mm. The analysis results of the best absorption of the chitosan-pectin-citric acid biocomposite on the composition variation (50:50:6) were 185%. In the swelling analysis of the chitosan-pectin-citric acid biocomposite, the variation in composition (50:50:10) was 403%. The tensile strength test results of the chitosan-pectin-citric acid biocomposite decreased with the addition of citric acid, the best obtained was 20.76 MPa, and the best elongation was 76.0%. Test results for the functional group of the chitosan-pectin-CaCl2 biocomposite for the presence of O-H, C-H, N-H bonds in the fact of O-H, C-H, N-H bonds at a wavelength of 4000-2500 cm-1, C=O, C=N, C=C at a wavelength of 2000 -1500, and the specific absorption of the chitosan-pectin-citric acid biocomposite 400-1400 cm-1 indicates that the resulting membrane tends to be polar, hydrophilic and environmentally friendly because it can be degraded. Based on the expected test results, it was shown that the chitosan-pectin-CaCl2 biocomposite has the potential to be applied as an ideal primary wound dressing for wound healing and protection.