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Review xanthan gum: produksi dari substrat biomassa, variabel efektif, karakteristik dan regulasi serta aplikasi dan potensi pasar Prabawa, I Dewa Gede Putra; Salim, Rais; Khairiah, Nadra; Ihsan, Hamlan; Lestari, Ratri Yuli
Jurnal Riset Industri Hasil Hutan Vol 11, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Kementerian Perindustrian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24111/jrihh.v11i2.5649

Abstract

Xanthan gum is an extracellular polysaccharide produced by a pure culture of Xanthomonas campestris through the fermentation process of carbohydrate sources in controlled conditions. These conditions must be carefully evaluated to obtain an optimal combination between yield and quality of the gum, and also production costs. The issue of this review is to provide a consolidated source of information on studies about xanthan gum production, alternative carbon sources from biomass substrates, effective variables on optimization production, characteristics, applications, and regulations status of xanthan gum. Lastly, the market potential is also discussed in this review.
Phonological Sketch of Malay Jambi Language of Sarolangun, Indonesia Żaneta Krulikowska; Nadra Nadra; Muhammad Yusdi
JURNAL ARBITRER Vol. 7 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Masyarakat Linguistik Indonesia Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/ar.7.2.173-181.2020

Abstract

This research is a cross-sectional sample survey with a qualitative approach of Malay Jambi's phonology in Sarolangun Regency. The data was collected in the field using observation and interview methods. It has a form of notes, interview transcriptions, and audio and video recordings. The data was analyzed using a phonetic articulator matching method with a diving-key-factors technique as a basis. The results are presented based on the phonetic symbols of the IPA Chart (revised 2005). As found in the research, Malay Jambi of Sarolangun has six vowels and twenty consonants, one of which does not occur in native Malay Jambi words. Beyond the phonological system description, this paper discusses various features found in Sarolangun like nasalization and laxing of vowels, consonant and syllable deletion, or glide insertion.
Phonological Variation in Serawai Language Used by Minangkabaunese and Serawainese in Kota Manna, South Bengkulu. Lydia Gustina; Nadra Nadra; Rina Marnita
JURNAL ARBITRER Vol. 5 No. 1 (2018)
Publisher : Masyarakat Linguistik Indonesia Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/ar.5.1.8-16.2018

Abstract

This research aims to describe the phonological variation in Serawai language used by Minangkabaunese and Serawainese. This research is a descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The method that used in this research is method that proposed by Sudaryanto. The data are collected by using observational method, the technique applied in collecting data are interview, recording and taking field notes. In analyzing data, the researcher used a distributional method. The presenting the result is by using formal (signs and symbols) and informal method (descriptive of ordinary word). The result of this research is the phonological variation in Serawai language that used by Minangkabaunese and Serawainese consist of 8 differential. They are 4 vocoid variations and 4 contoid variations. The vocoid variations are [ə]~[e], [i]~[e], [u]~[o], and [a:]~[a]. The contoid variations are [w]~[Ø], [y]~[Ø], [b]~[Ø], and [ɤ]~r]. There are phonologycal variations in Serawai language that used by Minangkabaunese and Serawainese because there are soundsthat unusual used in Minangkabau language, for example [ə] and [ɤ]. Furthemore, The variation is not change the meaning at all.
Jenis-Jenis Serangga Pengunjung Bunga Pacar Air (Impatiens balsamina Linn. :Balsaminaceae) Nadra Khairiah; - Dahelmi; - Syamsuardi
Jurnal Biologi Universitas Andalas Vol 1, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jbioua.1.1.%p.2012

Abstract

A study of visitor insects to the flower of Impatiens balsamina Linn. has been conducted in two locations, i.e. Ulu Gadut, Bandar Buat, Lubuk Kilangan Subdistrict, Padang City and Koto Tinggi, Surian, Pantai Cermin Subdistrict, Solok Regency in February 2012. The purpose of the study was to determine the species of visitor insects of the flowers of Impatiens balsamina. Direct collection method by using insect net was used in this study. Insects were identified at Laboratory of Animal Taxonomy, Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Andalas University, Padang. The results showed that 16 species of insects that belong to 16 genera, 9 families and 3 orders were recorded. The visitor insects were dominated by Hymenoptera order (68.75%) followed by Lepidoptera (18.75%) and Diptera (12.50%).Keywords: Impatiens balsamina, insects, visitors, flower, species
BENTUK DAN PENGGUNAAN KATA PENGGOLONG BENDA DI PASAR INDUK TRADISIONAL DI JAKARTA DAN SURABAYA Nadra Nadra; Sri Wahyuni; Mahsun Mahsun
LITERA Vol 13, No 2: LITERA OKTOBER 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/ltr.v13i2.2578

Abstract

This study aims to describe forms of noun classifiers and their uses by Indonesianspeakers in transactions in traditional central markets in Jakarta and Surabaya. The datawere collected through listening and interviewing. They were analyzed by the intralingualcorrespondence technique. The research findings are as follows. First, there are43 forms of noun classifiers. Second, they can be classified into three categories, i.e.: (a)individual noun classifiers, (b) collective noun classifiers, and (c) noun classifiers in theform of measurement units. Third, the dominant noun classifiers in traditional centralmarkets in Jakarta and Surabaya are noun classifiers in the form of measurement units.This is due to the fact that transactions need precise measurements.
EUFEMISME DALAM PEMBERITAAN KRISIS KEMANUSIAAN WAMENA DI MEDIA DARING Sabrina Fadilah Az-zahra; Nadra Nadra; Noviatri Noviatri
Basastra: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya Vol 9, No 2 (2021): Basastra: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/basastra.v9i2.50242

Abstract

Eufemisme sebagai bentuk penghalusan akan menyebabkan terjadinya pergeseran atau pergerakan makna. Kajian mengenai eufemisme membantu menjelaskan makna dari berbagai penggunaan bahasa halus sehingga informasi yang disampaikan dapat diterima dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan eufemisme beserta tataran lingualnya yang digunakan dalam pemberitaan krisis kemanusiaan Wamena di media daring, makna, dan referensi masing-masing eufemisme tersebut. Penyediaan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode simak. Data yang diambil ialah eufemisme yang digunakan dalam pemberitaan krisis kemanusiaan Wamena pada rubrik News, Nasional di media daring Kompas.com dan Detik.com. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan dua metode yaitu metode padan dan metode agih. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, ditemukan eufemisme yang berbentuk kata dan frasa. Eufemisme yang berupa tataran kata terdiri atas kata monomorfemis dan polimorfemis. Ada beberapa makna yang terkandung dalam eufemisme tersebut, yaitu makna leksikal, makna gramatikal, dan makna kontekstual. Berdasarkan referensi eufemisme, terdapat empat wujud referensi eufemisme yaitu 1) eufemisme yang berwujud benda dan binatang, 2) eufemisme yang berwujud aktivitas, 3) eufemisme yang berwujud peristiwa, dan 4) eufemisme yang berwujud keadaan. Dari sejumlah data yang tersedia disimpulkan bahwa referensi eufemisme yang paling banyak digunakan ialah berwujud aktivitas. Eufemisme berwujud aktivitas juga dapat menyembunyikan makna dari perilaku tercela, menjaga citra diri, dan mengaburkan kata-kata yang berkonotasi negatif.
UTILIZATION STRENGTHENING NATIONAL IDENTITY OF NUMERAL CLASSIFIER WORDS IN TRADING AT MODERN MARKET Nadra Nadra; Sri Wahyuni
International Conference on Languages and Arts Proceeding of the 3rd ISLA 2014
Publisher : Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni Universitas Negeri Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (109.192 KB)

Abstract

  Problematic utilization of words and terms in Indonesian language is various and complex. One of them can be identified as utilization of numeral classifiers in trading activity, especially at modern market. Most of numeral classifier words that are used in that situation do not come from Indonesian language, they are derived from foreign languages, especially English. Meanwhile Indonesian language has much varied words and terms in the numeral classifier. As a result, there are number of words in Indonesian numeral classifier that begin to disappear or are not used anymore. As the national language and the language of the country, it is obligation to Indonesian to maintained, nurtured, and developed it. Maintaining the Indonesian language is necessary in order to maintaining the national identity of Indonesia. In other hands, nurturing Indonesian language is very important to straighten the standardized Indonesian language. Whereas in the context of development, Indonesian language must be developed by referring to the word or term that already existed in Indonesia rather than form other languages. Based on these three aspects, it can be clearly seen that Indonesian language as National Identity of Indonesia, especially in utilization of numeral classifier words in trading activities at modern market, has not functioned appropriately. Therefore, utilization of numeral classifier words at the modern market must follow the Indonesian language guidance to strengthen Indonesian National Identity and to avoid the existing numeral classifiers of Indonesian language from becoming archaic words.   Keyword: archaic, identity, trading, numeral classifier words, modern market
Hubungan Kekerabatan Bahasa Melayu Patani dengan Bahasa Minangkabau Muhammad Alee Nalee; Nadra Nadra; Muhammad Yusdi
Madah: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra Vol. 11 No. 1 (2020): Jurnal Madah
Publisher : Balai Bahasa Provinsi Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31503/madah.v11i1.225

Abstract

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian bahasa Melayu Patani dan bahasa Minangkabau dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kekerabatan serta waktu pisah kedua bahasa tersebut. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menerapkan teknik leksikostatistik. Instrumen penelitian ini merupakan 200 kata dasar Morris Swadesh. Berdasarkan analisis data 200 kata ditemukan 4 kata yang tidak diperhitungkan sehingga kosakata yang diperhitungkan total sebanyak 196 kata. Dari 196 kata tersebut terdapat 128 kata yang berkerabat dan 68 kata yang tidak berkerabat. Adapun tingkat persentase kekerabatan kedua bahasa ini adalah sebesar 65%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kedua bahasa ini mulai berpisah antara 0.994–0.888 tahun yang lalu atau sekitar tahun 1025–1135 M dihitung dari waktu sekarang (2019). Berdasarkan hasil analisis ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kedua bahasa ini memiliki hubungan kekerabatan dalam klasifikasi keluarga (family) serta memiliki waktu pisah antara 5–25 abad yang lalu.
VARIASI LEKSIKAL BAHASA MINANGKABAU DI NAGARI TUO PARIANGAN Ulil Amri; Nadra Nadra; Muhammad Yusdi
NUSANTARA : Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial Vol 7, No 1 (2020): NUSANTARA : Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Tapanuli Selatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (424.568 KB) | DOI: 10.31604/jips.v7i1.2020.52-78

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan variasi leksikal Bahasa Minangkabau Isolek Nagari Pariangan, Kecamatan Pariangan, Kabupaten Tanah Datar, Sumatera Barat yang meliputi empat titik pengamatan yaitu jorong Guguk (TP1), jorong Sikaladi (TP2), jorong Pariangan (TP3), dan jorong Padang panjang (TP4). Penelitian ini bersifat deskritip kuantitatif dalam mendeskripsikan variasi fonologis dan leksikal. Data penelitian dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan metode simak libat cakap dengan menggunakan teknik sadap. Data dianalisis dengan metode komparatif sinkronis dengan membaningkan data-data bahasa yang kognat. Penghitungan perbedaan leksikal antartitik pengamatan dilakukan dengan menerapkan rumus Dialektometri. Temuan-temuan hasil penelitian berupa 219 variasi leksikal dari keseluruhan 991 kosakata dasar yang dianalisis.
Metafora dalam Pitaruah Ayah Karya Sanggar Balerong Jakarta Geni Anggraini; Nadra Nadra; Fajri Usman
LINGUA : Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya Vol. 18 No. 1 (2021): Maret 2021
Publisher : Center of Language and Cultural Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30957/lingua.v18i1.670

Abstract

Pitaruah Ayah is one of the works of Sanggar Balerong Jakarta. Pitaruah Ayah is a message and advice that contains the teachings of life, both values ​​, and norms that apply in the life of Minangkabau people. The advice conveyed in the Pitaruah Ayah uses a lot of metaphorical languages where the most dominant one is a metaphor. Metaphor is a figurative language that compares one thing to another. This study aims to identify and describe the meaning and function of metaphors in Pitaruah Ayah. The method used in collecting data is the observation method with the advanced technique of uninvolved conversation observation. Furthermore, the identify method is used namely the referential and translational method. The results of the study show that the meaning of metaphor in Pitaruah Ayah is positive connotative and negative connotative. Of the two meanings, the most common meaning is positive connotative. Then, the metaphorical functions found in the work include directive and assertive functions.