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STATUS KERENTANAN Aedes aegypti TERHADAP INSEKTISIDA GOLONGAN ORGANOFOSFAT DAN PIRETROID DI INDONESIA Jusniar Ariati; Dian Perwitasari; Rina Marina; Shinta Shinta; Doni Lasut; Roy Nusa; anwar musadad
JURNAL EKOLOGI KESEHATAN Vol 17 No 3 (2018): JURNAL EKOLOGI KESEHATAN VOL 17 NO.3 TAHUN 2018
Publisher : Puslitbang Upaya Kesehatan Masyarakat

ABSTRACT The long-term use of insecticides causes resistance to targeted insects, so that a study of its resistance in Indonesia is needed. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the resistance status of Aedes aegypti to organophosphates and pyrethroids in 102 districts in 2015 with reference to WHO standard bioassay test. Sampling and testing of Ae. Aegypti larvae from 100 houses were carried out from three area of each health center. Test results on 0.8% malathion revealed that 84% districts were resistant, 13% districts were tolerant, and 3% districts were vulnerable. The test results for temephos of 0.02% also found that 49% districts were resistant, 29% districts were tolerant and 22% districts were vulnerable. While for 0.05% cypermethrin insecticide test; 98% were resistant, and 1% was tolerant. The test on 0.025% alpha cypermethrin found that 40% were resistant, 51% were tolerant and 9% were vulnerable. Test on 0.025% deltamethrin found that 65% were resistant, 22% districts were tolerant and 14% districts were vulnerable. With the high resistance to organophosphate and pyrethroid groups, it is recommended to rearrange the application of insecticide types in each region cyclically. Keywords: Insecticides, resistance, organophosphates, pyrethroid, Aedes aegypti ABSTRAK Penggunaan insektisida dalam jangka waktu lama menyebabkan resistensi terhadap serangga sasaran, sehingga diperlukan uji status kerentanan Ae.aegypti di Indonesia. Jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Pengambilan sampel uji (jentik Ae. aegypti) dilakukan di 102 Kabupaten/kota di Indonesia pada 100 rumah di setiap tiga wilayah kerja puskesmas. Metode uji kerentanan menggunakan bioassay test standar WHO. Hasil uji terhadap malathion 0,8% mendapatkan 86 (84%) kabupaten telah resisten, 13 kabupaten (13%) toleran dan 3 (3%) kabupaten rentan. Hasil uji terhadap temephos 0,02% menunjukkan 50 (49%) kabupaten resisten, 30 (29%) kabupaten toleran dan 22 (22%) kabupaten rentan. Hasil uji insektisida sipermetrin 0,05%, sebanyak 100 (98%) kabupaten resisten, dan 1 (1%) kabupaten toleran. Hasil uji terhadap alfa sipermetrin 0,025%, sebanyak 18 kabupaten (40%) resisten, 23 (51%) kabupaten toleran dan 4 (9%) kabupaten berstatus rentan. Hasil uji terhadap deltametrin 0,025% sebanyak 66 (65%) kabupaten resisten, 22 (22%) kabupaten toleran dan 14 (14%) kabupaten rentan. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa telah terjadi resistensi terhadap insektisida golongan organofosfat dan piretroid. Disarankan untuk mengganti kedua jenis insektisida tersebut di setiap wilayah yang teridentifikasi resitensi tinggi. Kata kunci: Insektisida, resitensi, organofosfat, piretroid, aedes aegypti

KORELASI INDEKS ENTOMOLOGI TERHADAP SUSEPTIBILITAS Ae. AEGYPTI PADA ENAM JENIS INSEKTISIDA DI TUJUH PROVINSI WILAYAH SUMATERA Doni Lasut; Rina Marina; Jusniar Ariati; Roy Nusa RES
JURNAL EKOLOGI KESEHATAN Vol 18 No 2 (2019): JURNAL EKOLOGI KESEHATAN VOL 18 NO.2 TAHUN 2019
Publisher : Puslitbang Upaya Kesehatan Masyarakat

ABSTRACT Dengue cases are increasingly widespread in all parts of Indonesia, but currently, the priority of control is prevention through fogging focus on endemic DHF areas. The purpose of this study was to determine the entomology indicator of dengue vector mosquitoes about the susceptibility status of the Ae aegypti mosquito. The study design was a cross-sectional study and data analysis using Pearson Correlation statistical tests. This research was conducted in seven provinces in Sumatra, which consisted of three districts with three regions endemic to dengue fever centers in each province. The larvae collection was carried out in 100 houses in each selected Puskesmas. The susceptibility test of adult mosquitoes to six types of insecticide active ingredients was carried out by the WHO Bioassay method while the larval susceptibility test used the Elliot method. The results showed that index of entomology at 7 provinces in Sumatra were; HI and CI the highest in Kota. Pematang Siantar (58,60 % and 64 % ) and the lowest in Kabupaten Prabumulih and Palembang ( 22,70 and 0 % ), the highest of BI in Kabupaten Bangka Barat ( 87,40 % ) and the lowest in the Kota Metro ( 31,10 % ); the highest of ABJ in Kota Palembang ( 77,30 % ) and the lowest in Kota Pematang Siantar ( 41,40 %). Malathion 0.8 % still effective as an mosquito control by the presence of strong and moderate relationship was for CI and HI. Whether there are mosquitoes control using chemical insecticides in several locations in 7 provinces of Sumatra show resistant condition, thus controlling by PSN, 3M plus is still a major strategy to be done to break the chain of transmission of dengue fever. Keywords: DHF, Aedes, Correlation, Suceptibility ABSTRAK Kasus DBD semakin meluas di seluruh wilayah Indonesia, namun saat ini prioritas pengendaliannya berupa pencegahan melalui fogging focus pada wilayah-wilayah endemis DBD. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui indikator entomologi nyamuk vektor DBD hubungannya dengan status kerentanan nyamuk Ae. aegypti. Desain penelitian adalah studi potong lintang dan analisis data menggunakan uji statistik Pearson Correlation. Penelitian ini dilakukan di tujuh Provinsi yang ada di wilayah Sumatera yang terdiri dari tiga kabupaten dengan masing-masing tiga wilayah Puskesmas endemis DBD di setiap Provinsi. Pengumpulan jentik dilakukan pada 100 rumah di setiap Puskesmas terpilih. Uji kerentanan nyamuk dewasa terhadap enam jenis bahan aktif insektida dilakukan dengan metode Bioassay WHO sedangkan uji kerentanan jentik menggunakan metoda Elliot. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan indeks entomologi di 7 Provinsi di wilayah Sumatera yang diperiksa menunjukkan nilai HI dan CI tertinggi di Kota Pematang Siantar (58,60% dan 64%) dan terendah di Kab. Prabumulih dan Kota Palembang (22,70 % dan 0%), BI tertinggi di Kab. Bangka Barat (87,40%) dan terendah di Kota Metro (31,10%), ABJ tertinggi di Kota Palembang (77,30%) dan terendah di Kota Pematang siantar (41,40%). Pestisida Malathion 0,8 % masih efektif sebagai upaya pengendalian nyamuk dengan adanya hubungan yang kuat dan sedang terhadap Container Indeks (CI) dan House Indeks (HI) di 7 Provinsi di Wilayah Sumatera. Pengendalian jentik dengan menggunakan insektisida kimiawi di beberapa lokasi di 7 Provinsi di wilayah Sumatera menunjukkan kondisi resisten nyamuk vektor DBD dengan demikian pengendalian dengan PSN 3M Plus masih merupakan strategi utama yang harus dilakukan untuk memutus rantai penularan DBD. Kata kunci: DBD, Aedes, Korelasi, Suseptibilitas

DETEKSI MIKROFILARIA WUCHERERIA BRANCROFTI DAN BRUGIA SP PADA SPESIES NYAMUK PASCA PEMBERIAN OBAT PENCEGAHAN MASSAL (POPM) DI BEBERAPA KABUPATEN DI INDONESIA Jusniar Ariati; Dian Perwitasari; Roy Nusa RES; Rina Marina; Pei-Yu Alison Lee
JURNAL EKOLOGI KESEHATAN Vol 19 No 3 (2020): JURNAL EKOLOGI KESEHATAN VOLUME 19 NOMOR 3 TAHUN 2020
Publisher : Puslitbang Upaya Kesehatan Masyarakat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/jek.v19i3.3911

ABSTRACT Efforts to break transmission of filariasis chain, through elimination program with preventive mass drug administration (POPM) and vector control, which is currently taking place in all provinces in Indonesia. Known as elephantiasis or lymphatic filariasis, it is a filarial worm with the main species being Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia sp. The aims of study was to identify mosquitoes that have the potential become vector filariasis. Known as elephantiasis (Elephantiasis) or Lymphatic filariasis is a major species of filarial worms with that Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia sp. Mosquito collection conducted in 23 districts / cities in Indonesia using modificated Human Landing Collection (HLC) method that is double net to feed humans inside, while the method of Transcription Insulated Isothermal Polymerase Chain Reaction (iiPCR) was used to detect the presence of filarial worms in the mosquitoes. The number of samples collected was 26,276 mosquitoes, 38 were identified. The results of the examination used iiPCR showed that positive W. bancrofti was found in 6 districts / cities and positive Brugia sp were found in 9 districts / cities where the study was conducted. There are other mosquito species that are not confirmed as filarial vectors, but found DNA traces both the parasite in mosquitoes that have not been confirmed as vectors. Keywords: Microfilariae, Wulcheria brancrofti, Brugia malayi, Mass Drug Administration (MDA) ABSTRAK Upaya pemutusan rantai penularan filariasis melalui program eliminasi dengan pemberian obat pencegahan masal (POPM) dan pengendalian vector, saat ini sedang berlangsung di semua provinsi di Indonesia. Di kenal sebagai penyakit kaki gajah (Elephantiasis) atau Filariasis limfatik merupakan cacing filaria dengan spesies utama yaitu Wuchereria bancrofti, dan Brugia sp. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nyamuk yang berpotensi menjadi vector filariasis. Pengambilan sampel nyamuk dilakukan di 23 kabupaten/kota di Indonesia menggunakan metode Modificated Human Landing Collection (HLC) yaitu kelambu ganda dengan umpan manusia, sedangkan metode Transcription Insulated Isothermal Polimerase Chain Reaction (iiPCR) digunakan untuk mendeteksi keberadaan cacing filaria dalam tubuh nyamuk. Jumlah nyamuk yang berhasil dikumpulkan sebanyak 26.276 nyamuk dengan 38 spesies yang teridentifikasi. Hasil pemeriksaan DNA menggunakan iiPCR menunjukkan spesies Wulchereria bancrofti ditemukan di 6 kab/kota dan spesies Brugia malayi ditemukan di 9 kab/kota tempat penelitian. Terdapat spesies nyamuk lainnya yang tidak terkonfirmasi sebagai vektor filaria, namun ditemukan jejak DNA kedua parasite tersebut dalam nyamuk yang belum terkonfirmasi sebagai vektor. Kata kunci: Mikrofilaria, Wulcheria brancrofti, Brugia malayi, POPM

KEPEMILIKAN KELAMBU DAN FAKTOR SOSIODEMOGRAFI YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PENGGUNAAN KELAMBU ANTI NYAMUK DI WILAYAH ENDEMIS MALARIA PASCA PENDISTRIBUSIAN TAHUN 2017-2018 Rina Marina; Jusniar Ariati; Shinta Shinta; Ginoga Veridona; Doni Lasut; Asep Hermawan; Hendrik Siahaan; Roy Nusa RES; Harianto Harianto; Miko Hananto; Dasuki Dasuki; Andre Yunianto; Dian Perwitasari; Pandji W Dhewantara
JURNAL EKOLOGI KESEHATAN Vol 20 No 2 (2021): JURNAL EKOLOGI KESEHATAN VOLUME 20 NOMOR 2 TAHUN 2021
Publisher : Puslitbang Upaya Kesehatan Masyarakat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/jek.v20i2.4963

ABSTRACT The distribution of LLINs (Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets) is one of the strategies implemented by health programs to control malaria in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the sociodemographic factors associated with the use of LLINs. The research is an observational with a cross-sectional study design. Interviews using a structured questionnaire were carried out on household members from 4602 sample houses in selected villages with systematic random sampling that had been distributed malaria nets in 2017 - 2018 in 12 malaria endemic districts. The data collected were ownership of bed nets, sociodemographic data including gender, marital status, education, age, occupation, household status, and behavior of using bed nets. Data analysis used multivariate logistic regression. The results showed that 83.9% of respondents had mosquito nets and as much as 82.4% of them were obtained from the LLINs program, and the use of LLINs netting was obtained by 60.5%. Sociodemographic factors associated with the use of bed nets were gender (OR=1,12, 95%CI=1,08 – 1,20), marital status (OR=1,31, 95%CI=1,22-1,44), , educational status (OR=1,26, 95% 1,08-1,45), age (OR=1,58, 95% CI=1,40 – 1,77), occupation (OR=1,23, 95%CI=1,11 – 1,21) and status in the household (OR=1,09, 95%=1,00 – 1,19). The use of LLINs in the community is still low, so there is a need for more intensive socialization and education, so that the use of mosquito nets in the community increases. Keywords: Endemic, bed nets, LLINs, malaria, sociodemographic ABSTRAK Distribusi kelambu anti nyamuk merupakan salah satu strategi yang dilakukan program kesehatan untuk mengendalikan kasus malaria di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor sosiodemografi yang berhubungan dengan penggunaan kelambu anti nyamuk. Studi ini merupakan observasional dengan desain studi cross-sectional. Wawancara menggunakan kuisioner terstruktur dilakukan pada anggota rumah tangga, dari 4602 sampel rumah di desa terpilih secara systematic random sampling yang telah didistribusikan kelambu malaria tahun 2017 – 2018 pada 12 kab/kota endemis malaria. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah kepemilikan kelambu, karakteristik sosiodemografi meliputi jenis kelamin, status pernikahan, pendidikan, umur, pekerjaan, status di rumah tangga serta perilaku penggunaan kelambu. Analisis data digunakan regresi logistik multi variat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 83,9% responden memiliki kelambu dan sebanyak 82,4% kelambu tersebut diperoleh dari program (LLINs), dan penggunaan kelambu LLINs diperoleh sebesar 60,5%. Faktor sosiodemografi yang berhubungan dengan penggunaan kelambu adalah jenis kelamin (OR=1,12, 95%CI=1,08 – 1,20), status perkawinan (OR=1,31, 95%CI=1,22-1,44), pendidikan (OR=1,26, 95% 1,08-1,45), usia (OR=1,58, 95% CI=1,40 – 1,77), status pekerjaan (OR=1,23, 95%CI=1,11 – 1,21), serta kedudukan responden (OR=1,09, 95%=1,00 – 1,19). Penggunaan kelambu LLINs di masyarakat masih rendah, sehingga perlu dilakukan sosialisasi dan edukasi yang lebih intensif lagi, agar penggunaan kelambu di masyarakat meningkat. Kata kunci: Endemis, kelambu anti nyamuk, malaria, sosiodemografi

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