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PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH SAPI PERAH UNTUK BIOGAS SEBAGAI ENERGI TERBARUKAN PADA KELOMPOK PETERNAK Santoso, Aman; Sumari, Sumari; Marfuah, Siti; Muntholib, Muntholib; Retnosari, Rini
Jurnal Graha Pengabdian Vol 2, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (LP2M) Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (815.494 KB)

Abstrak: Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah memberikan slusi untuk pengelolaan limbah ternak. Peternakan sapi merupakan sumber penghasilan bagi masyarakat pedesaan. Dampak peternakan salah satunya limbahnya mengganggu lingkungan, berbau tidak enak dan sumber penyakit. Masyarakat umumnya belum bias mengolah limbah menjadi biogas. Biogas berpotensi menggantikan penggunaan LPG, yang dapat digunakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan bahan bakar warga. Metode yang digunakan dalam adalah pelatihan dan pendampingan. Hasil kegiatan ini adalah telah pemahaman peternak tentang proses pengolahan limbah dan terwujudnya reaktor pengolah limbah dengan model kubah tertanam dalam tanah berkapasitas 6 kubik. Reaktor ini memberikan manfaat berupa energi gas yang dialirkan ke kompor serta siap digunakan memasak cukup untuk keluarga 3-4 orang.Abstract: the purpose of this service activity is to provide slusi for livestock waste management. Cattle farming is a source of income for rural communities. One of the impacts of animal husbandry is that the environment disturbs, smells bad and is a source of disease. The general public cannot yet process waste into biogas. Biogas has the potential to replace the use of LPG, which can be used to meet the fuel needs of citizens. The method used in the training and assistance. The results of this activity are farmers' understanding of the waste treatment process and the realization of a waste treatment reactor with a dome model embedded in a 6 cubic-capacity soil. This reactor provides benefits in the form of gas energy which is flowed to the stove and is ready to use enough cooking for a family of 3-4 people.

IDENTIFYING STUDENTSâ€™ MISCONCEPTION ABOUT INTERMOLECULAR FORCES TOPIC IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I COURSE Widarti, Hayuni Retno; Marfuaf, Siti; Retnosari, Rini
Unnes Science Education Journal Vol 8 No 1 (2019): February 2019
Publisher : Department of Integrated Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang in Collaboration with Perkumpulan Pendidikan IPA Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/usej.v8i1.23527

Intermolecular force is the topic in Organic Chemistry 1 course. Organic Chemistry 1 subject mainly involves abstractive and complex concepts. Therefore, many students face difficulties even get a misconception. This research aimed to identify the students' understanding and misconception in Organic Chemistry 1 lecturing especially about intermolecular forces topic. The study was a quantitative descriptive research. The research subjects were 50 fourth semester Chemistry Education students of 2015-2016 of State University of Malang that have taken Organic Chemistry 1 course. The research instruments were three-tier test namely multiple choices test with open reason and Certainty of Response Index of six items. The conclusion of research result is that 30% of the students still underwent misconception in Organic Chemistry 1 lecturing especially for intermolecular forces topic. The finding of some misconceptions encountered by the chemistry students were the strength of van der Waals forces of more electromagnetive element is more easily polarized; there is no electron withdrawing group in the organic molecules that have dipole-dipole forces so that there are no Î´+ and Î´-; there is a hydrogen bond in CH3(CH2)2CHO compound; the students did not understand the compound which can form hydrogen and water bond; the hydrogen bond is formed in polar compound; the bond between O-H in CH3(CH2)2COOH molecules is a hydrogen bond; and the strength of intermolecular forces of certain organic molecule is only influenced by electronegativity where the higher the electronegativity the greater the intermolecular forces.

Preliminary Study on Antibacterial Activity of Sawo Kecik (Manilkara kauki (L.) Dubard) Roots Extract Novida Pratiwi; Rini Retnosari; Sitoresmi Prabaningtyas
Jurnal Biodjati Vol 6, No 1 (2021): May
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/biodjati.v6i1.7708

The roots of sawo kecik (Manilkara kauki (L.) Dubard) contain astringent that can be used to treat diarrhea for infants. However, the active antibacterial substance in sawo kecik roots has not been known. Therefore, the research to understand the antimicrobial activity of sawo kecik roots extract against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was performed. Sawo kecik roots were macerated using methanol and chloroform. The result was then treated with E.coli and S.aureus with a concentration of 5 ppm and compared to negative control (solvent) and further observed and analyzed how reduced the bacterial growth with Two Ways ANOVA without interaction. The research results indicated that the sawo kecik roots methanol extract was effective to slow down the growth of S.aureus (0.160 ± 0.007) but ineffective against E.coli, whereas sawo kecik roots chloroform extract was not effective to reduce both bacteria. It can be concluded that further research is required to measure and verify the antibacterial activity of the extract using higher concentration samples and different research methodology.

Synthesis of 9-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-3,3,6,6-tetra-3,4,5,6,7,9- hexahydro-2H-xantene-1 using Lime and Lemon Juice as the Environmentally Friendly Catalyst and Its Antioxidant Activity Rini Retnosari; Nurul Ultiyati; Aman Santoso; Siti Marfu'ah; Ihsan Budi Rachman
Jurnal Kimia dan Kemasan Vol. 43 No. 2 Oktober 2021
Publisher : Balai Besar Kimia dan Kemasan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24817/jkk.v43i2.7027

The 9-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-3,3,6,6-tetra-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-2H-xantene-1 compound, which is addressed as compound 1 in this study, is the derivatives of 1,8-dioxo- octahydroxantene. This compound has a carbonyl group and double bond on beta carbon toward the carbonyl group and benzene ring. The presence of this chromophore helps the compound creates intermediate stabilized by resonance from its interaction with free radicals and has the potential to be an antioxidant. Compound 1 was synthesized from p- methoxybenzaldehyde and dimedone through Knoevenagel condensation reaction using an acid as catalyst. The lime and lemon juice was selected as a catalyst to support green chemistry principle. The obtained product includes white powder with a melting point of 222-224oC. The IR analysis results, GC-MS, and 1H-NMR data show that the compound structure of Compound 1. Meanwhile, the antioxidant activity test using the DPPH method reveal that Compound 1 has the antioxidant activity with IC50 of 22.74 ppm.

Synthesis of 9-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-3,3,6,6-tetra-3,4,5,6,7,9- hexahydro-2H-xantene-1 using Lime and Lemon Juice as the Environmentally Friendly Catalyst and Its Antioxidant Activity Rini Retnosari; Nurul Ultiyati; Aman Santoso; Siti Marfu'ah; Ihsan Budi Rachman
Jurnal Kimia dan Kemasan Vol. 43 No. 2 Oktober 2021
Publisher : Balai Besar Kimia dan Kemasan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24817/jkk.v43i2.7027

The 9-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-3,3,6,6-tetra-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-2H-xantene-1 compound, which is addressed as compound 1 in this study, is the derivatives of 1,8-dioxo- octahydroxantene. This compound has a carbonyl group and double bond on beta carbon toward the carbonyl group and benzene ring. The presence of this chromophore helps the compound creates intermediate stabilized by resonance from its interaction with free radicals and has the potential to be an antioxidant. Compound 1 was synthesized from p- methoxybenzaldehyde and dimedone through Knoevenagel condensation reaction using an acid as catalyst. The lime and lemon juice was selected as a catalyst to support green chemistry principle. The obtained product includes white powder with a melting point of 222-224oC. The IR analysis results, GC-MS, and 1H-NMR data show that the compound structure of Compound 1. Meanwhile, the antioxidant activity test using the DPPH method reveal that Compound 1 has the antioxidant activity with IC50 of 22.74 ppm.

Aktivitas Antibakteri Metabolit Sekunder dari Ekstrak Metanol Biji Alpukat (Persea americana Mill) Rini Retnosari; Sutrisno Sutrisno; Karim Handoyo
JC-T (Journal Cis-Trans): Jurnal Kimia dan Terapannya Vol 1, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : State University of Malang or Universitas Negeri Malang (UM)

Metabolit sekunder yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri telah diisolasi dari ekstrak metanol biji alpukat (Parsea americana Mill). Proses isolasi diawali dengan ekstraksi menggunakan metanol, dilanjutkan dengan fraksinasi dan pemisahan menggunakan berbagai teknik kromatografi seperti kromatografi cair vakum (KCV) dan kromatografi kolom gravitasi (KKG). Dari proses isolasi tersebut diperoleh komponen K-1 yang berwujud padat dan berwarna putih. Komponen K-1 mempunyai titik lebur 67-70˚C, larut dalam kloroform, etil asetat, dan etanol. Komponen K-1 mempunyai λmaks pada 219,0 nm mengindikasikan adanya transisi π→π* dan 344,0 nm mengindikasikan adanya transisi nπ*. Berdasarkan hasil interpretasi spektrum IR, komponen ini mengandung gugus -OH, gugus -C=O ester, ikatan -CH, dan ikatan C=C. Komponen K-1 diduga golongan saponin. Uji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus mengindikasikan ekstrak metanol biji alpukat dan komponen K-1 aktif sebagai antibakteri, sehingga kedepannya memiliki prospek bagi pengembangan obat tradisional. An antibacterial activity of secondary metabolite has been isolated from methanol extract of avocado seed (Parsea americana Mill). The isolation process has started with extracting using methanol, then fractioning and purifying by chromatography technique such as vacuum liquid chromatography and gravitation column chromatography. The white solid of K-1 component has been isolated from this process. The melting point of K-1 component was 67-70˚C and dissolved in chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. K-1 component has λmaks at 219,0 nm (π→π* transition) and 344,0 nm (n→π* transition). Based on IR spectrum interpretation, this component contained –OH group, -C=O group of ester, -CH bond, and C=C bond. K-1 component was predicted as saponin group. The antibacterial activity assay against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus indicated that methanol extract of avocado seed and K-1 component showed antibacterial activity toward both bacteria, so that this component has future chances for traditional medicine development.

OPTIMASI SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI SABUN CAIR DARI KEMIRI (Aleurites moluccana) DENGAN BANTUAN GELOMBANG ULTRASONIC Aman Santoso Santoso; Syafiuddin Syafiuddin; Dedek Sukarianingsih; Sumari Sumari; Rini Retnosari
Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina (JIIS): Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan Vol 6 No 1 (2021): JIIS
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan ISFI Banjarmasin

Liquid soap has become a basic necessity, especially during the Covid pandemic. The quality of soap is influenced by the type of raw material used. Candlenut oil saponification with potassium hydroxide produces liquid soap which has the potential to be anti-bacterial. Ultrasonic waves (US) produce cavitation which speeds up the reaction. This study aims: (1) Synthesis and characterization of liquid hazelnut oil soap, (2) to determine the antibacterial activity of liquid soap. The stages in this study were: (1) isolation and characterization of hazelnut oil, (2) making liquid soap at various alkaline concentrations with US (3) characterizing liquid soap (4) testing for antibacterial activity. The results showed that liquid soap can be made by saponification with KOH hazelnut oil, obtained physical properties of viscous liquid form, yellowish white color, distinctive aroma. The chemical properties of liquid soap have a pH of 8.46, a density of 1.10 g/mL, a free fatty acid content of 0.34%, a free alkaline content of 0.05%, a viscosity of 1,460 cSt and a surface tension of 4.33 x 10-4 N/m. Candlenut liquid soap has antibacterial activity in the weak category against E. coli bacteria and in the moderate category against S. aureus bacteria

Thermodynamic and Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis of Tert-butyl Chloride and Hydroxide Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction Using Computational Method Ihsan Budi Rachman; Hunumi Oktiyani Rusdi; Endang Ciptawati; Daratu Eviana Kusuma Puteri; Rini Retnosari; Aman Santosa
Jurnal Kartika Kimia Vol 3 No 2 (2020): Jurnal Kartika Kimia
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Informatics, Jenderal Achmad Yani University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26874/jkk.v3i2.60

Reaksi substitusi nukleofilik adalah salah satu reaksi yang penting dan umum dipelajari pada kimia organik. Mekanisme bagaimana reaksi sebenarnya berlangsung dan spesi apa yang berperan pada sistem sehingga terbentuk produk, diulas pada penelitian ini. Pada penelitian ini, dimodelkan reaksi substitusi nukleofilik senyawa tersier butil klorida oleh ion hidroksida. Pemodelan komputasi pada penelitian ini, digunakan software Putty, Marvin, NWChem, Avogadro, dan ECCE Viewer. Hasil akhir perhitungan komputasi, didapatkan besaran termodinamika berupa energi aktivasi 230.9478 kcal mol-1, entalpi reaksi -7101.74808 kcal mol-1, entropi reaksi -40.178 cal/mol-K dan energi bebas Gibbs sebesar 4877.32262 kcal mol-1. Lebih lanjut, kestabilan dan reaktivitas molekul pada reaksi ini, dianalisis menggunakan pemodelan molekul dan spektroskopi infra merah. Kata kunci: kimia komputasi, substitusi nukleofilik, tersier butil klorida

Isolasi dan Optimasi Transesterifikasi Minyak Biji Pepaya (Carica papaya) sebagai Sumber Energi Terbarukan Aman Santos; Farashinta Nadia; Rini Retnosari; Anugrah Ricky Wijaya; Sumari Sumari; Ihsan Budi Rachman
JC-T (Journal Cis-Trans): Jurnal Kimia dan Terapannya Vol 4, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : State University of Malang or Universitas Negeri Malang (UM)

AbstrakLimbah biji pepaya Indonesia sebanyak 134.904,75 ton, mengandung minyak yang berpotensi ditransesterifikasi menjadi metal serta berpotensi sebagai biodiesel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan: (1) kondisi optimum sintesis biodiesel dengan dua tahapan reaksi, (2) karakter metil ester sintetis melalui transesterifikasi, dan (3) komponen metil ester sintetis serta potensinya sebagai biodiesel. Tahapan penelitian eksperimental laboratoris ini, yaitu: (1) ekstraksi minyak biji pepaya, (2) sintesis metil ester dari minyak biji pepaya, (3) karakterisasi metil ester sintetis dan uji potensi biodiesel meliputi penentuan densitas, viskositas, indeks bias, dan uji bilangan asam, dan (4) identifikasi komponen metil ester sintetis dengan GC-MS. Rendemen tertinggi metil ester sintetis diperoleh 75,82% b/b pada konsentrasi katalis KOH 1% b/b dengan karakteristik viskositas 4,76 cSt, massa jenis 0,85 g/mL, bilangan asam 0,70 mg KOH/g, dan indeks bias 1,44, maka metil ester sintetis telah memenuhi SNI 04-7182-2006 dan berpotensi sebagai biodiesel. Hasil uji GC-MS menunjukkan adanya metil palmitat 14,58%, metil oleat 78,87%, dan metil stearat 4,57%.

Assisted ultrasonic wave of vanillin derivatives synthesis and antioxidant activity using DPPH method Rini Retnosari; Karina Kurnia Sari; Siti Marfu'ah; Sutrisno; Ihsan Budi Rachman
Communications in Science and Technology Vol 7 No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21924/cst.7.2.2022.963

In recent years, the need for compounds with antioxidant activities have expanded. Generally, the natures of these compounds involve the presence of conjugated double bonds, phenolic groups, and resonance effects on the structure. One of the compounds with the phenolic group is vanillin. It can be modified into the derivative of 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxantene compound due to its aldehyde content. Meanwhile, 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxantene compound has two 2- cyclohexenone rings bound in the pyran ring and one phenolic group, expected to carry more excellent antioxidant activity than vanillin. The 9-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3,4,5,6,7,9- hexahydro -1H-xantene-1,8(2H)-dione (Compound 1) was synthesized from 1,3- cyclohexanedione and vanillin through Knoevenagel's condensation reaction aided with an acid catalyst with a single reaction phase. Besides, green chemistry was adopted in this study using environmentally friendly catalysts from lime juice and ultrasonic wave. The synthesized compounds' structure was confirmed through the spectrophotometer IR, GC-MS, and 1H-NMR spectrometer, while its antioxidant activity was tested using the DPPH method. The reaction occurred with and without lime juice catalyst, producing yields of 6.65% and 70.58%, respectively. The results of the antioxidant activity test suggest that Compound 1 carries substantially robust antioxidant activities, with IC50 of 0.99 ppm.

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