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Effect of temperature and storage duration of Aedes aegypti mosquito specimens artificially infected with dengue-3 virus on the results of immunohistochemical examination Tri Baskoro Tunggul Satoto, Susilawati Sitti Rohmah Umniyati
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 44, No 01 (2012)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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To confirm the presence of any dengue viral in a mosquito, mosquitoâs head can be squashed ona slide and stained with immunohistochemical staining. The remaining samples then can bestored in the cryo freezer at -80ÂºC to avoid specimen damage. However, for laboratories withlimited facilities, with only a refrigerator with a temperature range of -20ÂºC to 4ÂºC is available,examination to evaluate whether the dengue antigen can still be detected in specimens storedat these temperature is necessary. It was a quasi-experimental study. Three to five-day-old adultfemale Aedes aegypti mosquitoes were injected intrathoracically with dengue-3 (DENV-3) strainH-87 virus and then maintained for about 7 days. The dengue viral antigen on mosquitoes wasidentified using immunohistochemical method after stored at a temperature of 4oC, -20oC, -80oCfor 2, 4 and 8 weeks. Mosquito specimens that were not stored were used as a positive control.Kappa value was counted to analyze level of agreements between two observers. Two-wayAnova was used to analyze mean positive rates. Kappa value showed poor agreement (0.00-0.16) between two observers when the specimens were stored at 4oC for 2-8 weeks, and showedgood agreement (Kappa value of 0.77), when stored at -20oC for 4 weeks. The kappa valueshowed very good agreement (0.90-0.92) when the specimens were stored at -20oC for 2 weeks,and at -80oC for 2-8 weeks. Mean positive rates of the specimens stored at 4oC were significantlylower (p<0.005) than stored at -20oC and -80oC, but there were no significant differencesbetween specimens stored at -20oC and -80oC (p>0.05). In conclusion, availability of thedengue viral antigen on mosquito specimens was influenced by temperature and storage durationof the specimens.Keywords: dengue virus - head squash - immunohistochemistry - kappa agreement - temperature

Risk factors related to malaria incidence at Santuâun village, Tabalong District, South Kalimantan Province Tri Baskoro Tunggul Satoto, Junus Widjaja Supargiyono
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 43, No 02 (2011)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (178.9 KB)

Santuâun Village is one of malaria endemic areas in Muara Uya Sub district, Tabalong District, South KalimantanProvince, Indonesia. Annual Parasite Incidences (APIs) from 2007 to 2009 were 11.4, 82.9, and 25.8â° respectively.The majority of Muara Uya population are rubber tappers, gold miners and loggers in the forest. Moreover, most ofthe Muara Uya population do not use mosquito nets when sleeping at night. These occupations and communityhabits may contribute in high malaria incidence in Muara Uya. However, study concerning risk factor of malaria hasnot been performed yet. The study was conducted in order to evaluate risk factors that might correlate with malariaincidence in Santuâun village, Muara Uya subdistrict. Two hundred and ninety one subjects were enrolled in thisstudy. Those consisted of 70 people whom microscopically malaria positive and 221 people whom malaria negative.Household visits were conducted to each subject to perform interviews. Data collection of malaria risk factors wasobtained using questionaire. The results indicated that three main occupations, loggers, gold miners and rubbertapper, were significantly represent risk factors of malaria incidence. The community habits that also significantlycorrelated with malaria incidence were the not using of mosquito repellents and not using bed nets. Two clusteringcases were also observed during the year of 2010. The coordinate of the first cluster was 1.863500 S and 115.606700E with diameter of 0.65 km and the coordinate of the second cluster was 1.838667 S and 115.607200 E withdiameter of 0.67 km. In conclusion, in Santuâun village, the risk factor that correlated with the malaria incidencewere loggers, gold miners, rubber tappers. In addition the not using of mosquito repellents and not using bed netswere also risk factors of malaria incidence.Key words: malaria -risk factors-annual parasite incidence-Muara Uya-South Kalimantan

Organophosphate insecticide susceptible test and transovarial transmission detection of dengue virus on Aedes aegypti in Kendari Tri Baskoro Tunggul Satoto, Muhaimin Saranani Sitti Rahmah Umniyati
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 45, No 04 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Dengue Fever (DF) is a disease caused by the dengue virus that transmitted by Aedes aegypti(Ae. Aegypti) and Ae. albopictus. Dengue fever is now one of the most important public healthproblems in Indonesia. Vector control using insecticides is the most important strategy to controlthe DF. Massal fogging and selective abatisation have implementedd intensively to control Ae.aegypti. However after its a long time implementation, mosquitoes resistance and transovarialtransmission have been reported. The aim of the study was to evaluate the susceptibility statusof Ae. aegypti to organophosphate and its ability to transovarial transmit degue virus in KendariCity, South East Sulawesi. This was a observational study using cross-sectional design conductedin high endemic areas (Kadia Village) and low endemic areas (Kambu Village). Susceptibilitystatus of Ae. aegypti larvae from F1âs egg generation was evaluated by biochemic assay, whereasthe transovarial transmission of dengue virus of adult female Ae. aegypti was evaluated byimmunohistochemistry method using head squash preparation. The results showed that the Ae.aegypti larvae resistant was higher in high endemic areas (Kadia Village) (83.33%) than in lowendemica areas (Kambu Village) (60.00%). In addition, transovarial transmission index (TTI) ofAe. aegypti dengue virus in the high endemic areas (26%) was significantly higher than in thelow endemic areas (12%) (p<0.05). In conclusion, the Ae. aegypti larvae resitance toorganophosphate as well as the TTI in high endemic areas is higher than in low endemic area inKendari, Sout East Sulawesi.

Molecular Marker Confirmation for Member of Anopheles barbirostris Van Der Wulp 1884 in Different Localities Satoto, Tri Baskoro Tunggul
Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology Vol 17, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Vector and non-vector forms of Anopheles barbirostris have been recognized in Indonesia. However, because of their similarity in morphology, they were considered to be a single species. This information has led to the hypothesis that Anopheles barbirostris is a complex of species, which are morphologically indistinguishable from each other by ordinary methods. Objectives of the research was to identify the member of Anopheles barbirostris by PCR Assay. Samples were taken from two localities in Java, two in Sulawesi, two in Flores Indonesia, one from Thailand, one from China. The study was to develop a PCR-based technique of rDNA ITS2 region. Results showed that there are at least four species within the Anopheles barbirostris population studied, namely Anopheles barbirostris species DW, DX, DY and DZ. The length of the sequence amplified for species W, species X, species Y, and species Z were 339bps, 247bps, 165bps. and 157bps, respectively. Verification of the method was carried out with 270 mosquitoes from eight different field-collection sites using various sampling methods. Samples collected from Singaraja-Flores were identified as species W and X. All specimens collected from human bite outdoors were identified as species X; this species showed to be predominant among indoor light trap, indoor human bite and indoor resting collections Samples from Reo-Flores were identified as species W and X. All specimens from Manado and Palopo in Sulawesiwere identified as species Z. Similarly only species Y was found in samples from Thailand, while specimens from Salaman and Jambu in Java were identified as species W or species X. These species-specific molecular markers for the Anopheles barbirostris, complex appear to be reliable over a wide geographical area. However, larger number of samples is still needed from throughout the range of this species.Key words: Anopheles barbirostris, ITS2, PCR, Specific primer diagnostic

Inorganic Waste Management in Decreasing Maya Index and Entomology Index of Mosquito Larvae Zuhriyah, Lilik; Satoto, Tri Baskoro Tunggul; Kusnanto, Hari
Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Vol 12, No 1 (2016): JURNAL KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT (KEMAS) JULY 2016
Publisher : Jurusan Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat Fakultas Ilmu Keolahragaan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/kemas.v12i1.3976

Inorganic waste management through Malang Waste Bank (BSM) is expected to reduce the risk of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). However, the number of neighborhood groups (RT) which become BSM participant varies. The problem is whether or not this variation will result in different entomology of mosquito larvae indexes. The purpose of this study is to prove the role of inorganic waste management to the risk of DHF transmission. Longitudinal survey was conducted weekly for 4 months in 2013 in six villages with the highest dengue cases in the city of Malang. Villages were classified into 3 types of membership of Malang Waste Bank (BSM). The result shows that the number of controllable containers is more than disposable container. Kruskal Wallis test mentions that the House Index (HI), Breteau Index (BI), Container Index (CI), and Density Index (DI) of the three villages are significantly different (p <0.05), while MI is not different. MI is related to all of mosquito larvae entomological indexes except with HI. Therefore, it can be concluded that the level of cleanliness of an area (MI) can be an indicator of the high index of mosquito larvae entomological indexes.

Inorganic Waste Management in Decreasing Maya Index and Entomology Index of Mosquito Larvae Zuhriyah, Lilik; Satoto, Tri Baskoro Tunggul; Kusnanto, Hari
KEMAS: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Vol 12, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Department of Public Health, Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/kemas.v12i1.3976

Inorganic waste management through Malang Waste Bank (BSM) is expected to reduce the risk of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). However, the number of neighborhood groups (RT) which become BSM participant varies. The problem is whether or not this variation will result in different entomology of mosquito larvae indexes. The purpose of this study is to prove the role of inorganic waste management to the risk of DHF transmission. Longitudinal survey was conducted weekly for 4 months in 2013 in six villages with the highest dengue cases in the city of Malang. Villages were classified into 3 types of membership of Malang Waste Bank (BSM). The result shows that the number of controllable containers is more than disposable container. Kruskal Wallis test mentions that the House Index (HI), Breteau Index (BI), Container Index (CI), and Density Index (DI) of the three villages are significantly different (p <0.05), while MI is not different. MI is related to all of mosquito larvae entomological indexes except with HI. Therefore, it can be concluded that the level of cleanliness of an area (MI) can be an indicator of the high index of mosquito larvae entomological indexes.

The Influence of Digestive Tract Length of Larvivorous Fish Related to Predation Potential on Aedes aegypti Larvae Satoto, Tri Baskoro Tunggul; Sukendra, Dyah Mahendrasari; Hardaningsih, Ignatius; Diptyanusa, Ajib
Unnes Journal of Public Health Vol 8 No 2 (2019): Unnes Journal of Public Health
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang in cooperation with Association of Indonesian Public Health Experts (Ikatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia (IAKMI))

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ujph.v0i0.30734

Biological vector control by using larvivorous fish will be beneficial in reducing Aedes aegypti population, hence reducing risk of dengue virus transmission. It is important to select the larvivorous fish according to its digestive organ.Current study aimed to investigate the predation potential among the fish species and to identify the influence of the digestive tract length of the fish related to their predation potential. The research was an analytical observational study with post-test only design. Third stage larvae of Aedes aegypti were used as preys for tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), common carper (Cyprinus carpio), and guppy (Poecillia reticulata). In association with their digestive tract length, predation potential of tilapia, common carper, and guppy showed statistical differences (P<0.05). Tilapia demonstrated highest predation of the larvae, followed by common carper and guppy. There are associations between difference in shapes of mouth and intestines, mouth width, intestinal length, and predation potential of these fish species. Current study results showed possible associations between digestive tract length of tilapia, common carper and guppy and predation potential on Aedes aegypti larvae, allowing these fish species to be used inbiological control of Aedes aegypti.  

Prediction model of dengue hemorrhagic fever transmission to enhance early warning system in Gergunung Village, Klaten District, Central Java Satoto, Tri Baskoro Tunggul; Dwiputro, Alfin Harjuno; Risdwiyanto, Rifa Nadhifa; Hakim, A. Ulil Fadli; Pascawati, Nur Alvira; Diptyanusa, Ajib
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 51, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

The dengue virus that causes dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) in principle is transmitted to humans through the bites of Aedes sp. In Indonesia, the disease is endemic in most provinces, including in Gergunung Village in Klaten District, Central Java. The village has shown the highest incidence of DHF for the last 5 years. Changes in demographical conditions, environment, and climate condition are predictors of dengue fever. This study aimed to demonstrate the association among human behavioral variables, physical environmental factors, and climate elements with DHF transmission to develop active surveillance model of DHF outbreak by the analysis of potential predictors. The research was an observational analytic study with case control design. Study population was selected from households with DHF case in 2016 through 2017 and the controls with ratio of 1:2. In total, 34 households were labeled as case and 68 households were labeled as control. Data collection was performed by observations, direct measurements, and interviews. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical analysis with probability value of p<0.05. The result showed that insecticide use, proper waste management, livestock breeding, presence of plastered floor, water-resistant walls, bedroom windows, doors, gutters, and open drainage system, all did not show association with DHF case occurrence (p>0.05). In contrast, houses closer to each other tended to have more DHF cases (p<0.05; OR: 2.96; 95% CI: 1.01–8.67). Physical environmental factors and climate elements did not demonstrate significant associations with DHF case occurrence in this study. Human behavioral variables, physical environmental factors, and climate elements may serve as potential predictors of DHF outbreak, hence should be put into the model to enhance early warning system.

Efektifitas Modifikasi Ovitrap Model Kepanjen untuk Menurunkan Angka Kepadatan Larva Aedes aegypti di Malang Zuhriyah, Lilik; Satoto, Tri Baskoro Tunggul; Kusnanto, Hari
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol 29, No. 2 (2016)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2016.029.02.10

Ovitrap merupakan alat perangkap telur nyamuk yang sukses diaplikasikan di beberapa negara. Penyederhanaan model ovitrap telah dilakukan dan diaplikasikan di Kepanjen, Kabupaten Malang namun sampai saat ini kontribusinya dalam menurunkan kepadatan larva belum pernah dievaluasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan House Index, Container Index, Breteau Index, dan Density Index antara daerah perlakuan dan daerah kontrol serta sebelum dan sesudah intervensi, mengetahui trend jumlah telur nyamuk per ovitrap, serta mengidentifikasi jenis larva yang ditetaskan dari telur yang didapat dari ovitrap. Penelitian Eksperimen Kuasi dilakukan di 4 Rukun Warga (RW) dari kelurahan yang berbeda di Kotamadya Malang pada September 2013-Februari 2014 yang memiliki Incidence Rate (per 10.000 penduduk) DBD tertinggi dalam empat bulan pertama 2013 yaitu 11,89 untuk Jatimulyo; 10,52 untuk Merjosari; 31,57 untuk Sumbersari; dan 25,21 untuk Bandulan. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa angka kepadatan larva (HI, BI, CI, dan DI) dua RW perlakuan lebih rendah secara signifikan (p<0,05) dibandingkan dua RW kontrol dengan Uji Mann Whitney. Kepadatan larva dan rata-rata jumlah telur dari ovitrap sesudah aplikasi ovitrap lebih rendah dibandingkan sebelumnya. Sebagian besar telur yang terperangkap merupakan telur Aedes aegypti. Disimpulkan bahwa aplikasi ovitrap di 4 RW dari kelurahan di Malang efektif untuk menurunkan kepadatan larva dan dapat diterapkan sebagai salah satu cara pengendalian nyamuk Ae. aegypti.Kata Kunci: Aedes aegypti, angka kepadatan jentik, ovitrap, jumlah telur

Aktivitas Larvisida Ekstrak Terpurifikasi Rimpang Zingiber zerumbet(L) Smith terhadap Larva Aedes aegypti Murini, Tri; Wahyuningsih, Mae Sri Hartati; Tunggul Satoto, Tri Baskoro; Fudholi, Achmad -
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol 29, No. 4 (2017)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2017.029.04.2

Saat ini ditemukan bahwa larva nyamuk telahÂ resisten terhadap larvisida konvensional. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk mengembangkan larvisida baru dari sumber bahan alam seperti rimpang Z. zerumbet, pada penelitian yang sebelumnya berpotensi sebagai larvisida pada Artemia salina Leach dan Anopheles nunestovary. Aktivitas larvisida ekstrak metanol rimpang Z. zerumbet yang telah dipurifikasi belum pernah diteliti. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji aktivitas larvisida ekstrak terpurifikasi rimpang Z. zerumbet terhadap larva Ae. aegypti. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksplorasi laboratories dengan rancangan post test-only control group. Penelitian iniÂ dilakukan pada dua ekstrak yaituÂ ekstrak metanol rimpang Z. zerumbet dan ekstrak metanol rimpang Z. zerumbet yang dipurifikasi dengan petroleum eter (PE). Dua puluh limaÂ larva instar III-IV Ae. aegyptiÂ dipapar dengan tujuh konsentrasi yang berbeda dari ekstrak metanol rimpang Z. zerumbet. Tingkat kematianÂ larva dihitung dan kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan regresi analisa probit untuk mendapatkan LC50. Setelah mengetahui LC50 tersebut, studi dilanjutkan dengan purifikasi ekstrak metanol Z. zerumbet menggunakan PE sebagai pelarut. Hasil ekstrak yang telah dipurifikasi baik yang larut maupun tidak larut PE diperlakukan padaÂ larva instar III-IV Ae.aegypti menggunakan metode yang sama seperti yangÂ disebutkan terdahulu. Nilai LC50 ekstrak metanol, larut PE dan tidak larut PE hasil purifikasi ekstrak metanol rimpang Z. zerumbet adalah 153,57Â±4,01 ppm; 67,01Â±2,35 ppm; dan 2287Â±147,91 ppm. Purifikasi ekstrak metanol rimpang Z. zerumbetÂ yang larut PE memiliki aktivitas larvisida yang kuat terhadap larva instar III-IVÂ Ae. aegyptiÂ dan mempunyai potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai bahan larvisidaÂ baru.

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