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Journal : Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

WAX ESTERS PRODUCTION BY ALCOHOLYSIS OF PALM OIL FRACTIONS Erin Ryantin Gunawan; Dedy Suhendra
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 8, No 3 (2008)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1044.098 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.21591

Abstract

The lipase synthesis of wax esters using palm oil fractions (palm oil and palm kernel oil) and long chain alcohol as substrates was carried out. The present work focuses on the synthesis of wax esters using Lipozyme. Five parameters such as reaction time, temperature, amount of enzyme, molar ratio of substrates and various organic solvents of the reaction system were investigated. The optimum yields were achieved at the reaction temperature of 40 - 50 °C for palm oil (PO) and 40 °C for palm kernel oil (PKO) alcoholysis, a reaction time of 5 - 7 h for PO and 7 - 10 h for PKO alcoholysis, 0.15 g of enzyme for both PO and PKO alcoholysis, molar ratio at 3:1 (alcohol: PO or PKO), and the best solvent for the reactions was hexane. Percentage yields of esters obtained at these optimum reaction conditions was 83% refined, bleached and deodorized (RBD) palm oil alkoholysis and 87% for RBD palm kernel oil alcoholysis respectively
FOUR-FACTOR RESPONSE SURFACE OPTIMIZATION OF THE ENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS OF WAX ESTER FROM PALM KERNEL OIL Erin Ryantin Gunawan; Dedy Suhendra
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 8, No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (201.315 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.21653

Abstract

The synthesis of wax ester using refined, bleached and deodorized (RBD) palm kernel oil (PKO) and oley alcohol catalyzed by Lipozyme IM was carried out. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a five-level, four-factor central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was used to evaluate the interactive effects of synthesis, of reaction time (5-20 h), temperature (20-50 oC), amount of enzyme (0.1-0.2 g) and substrate molar ratio (palm kernel oil to oleyl alcohol, 1:1-1:5) on the percentage yield of wax esters. The optimum condition conditions derived via RSM were reaction time 8.46 h, temperature 44.4 oC, amount of enzyme 0.182 g, substrate molar ratio 1 to 3.7. The actual experimental yield was 92.9 % under optimum condition, which good accordance to the maximum predicted value of 92.4 %.
SEPARATION AND PRECONCENTRATION OF COPPER (II) ION BY FATTY HYDROXAMIC ACIDS IMMOBILIZED ONTO AMBERLITE XAD – 4 RESIN Dedy Suhendra; W. M. Z. Wan Yunus; Md. Jelas Haron; Mahiran Basri; Sidik Silong
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 6, No 2 (2006)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (203.904 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.21754

Abstract

A method of copper (II) ion preconcentration and separation from other ions by using a column containing fatty hydroxamic acids - loaded Amberlite XAD 4 resin (FHA-Amb) is described. Several factors, which affect the separation and preconcentration efficiency such as pH, sample volume, and concentration of eluent and flow rate, have been investigated.  A quantitative recovery of copper (II) ion from FHA-Amb resin column was obtained using 10% HNO3 solutions as eluent with a preconcentration factor of 60. A method for separation of Cu(II) from Zn(II) and Cd(II) is proposed.  A rapid sample throughput, a clean separation, a high preconcentration factor and simplicity are the main advantages in these analytical procedures.