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Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 2085191X     EISSN : 23387610     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Biosaintifika Journal of Biology & Biology Education, an electronic international journal, provides a forum for publishing the original research articles, review articles from contributors, and the novel technology news related to biological research and biological education.
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Search results for , issue "Vol 6, No 1 (2014): March 2014" : 20 Documents clear
Peranan Faktor Imun dan Profil Protein dalam Penelitian dan Pengembangan Vaksin Malaria Iradiasi Syaifudin, Mukh
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 6, No 1 (2014): March 2014
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v6i1.2929

Abstract

Pengembangan vaksin terhadap malaria yang merupakan penyakit yang mematikan tetap menjadi satu prioritas kesehatan masyarakat global, termasuk pemanfaatan parasit iradiasi sebagai bahan vaksin. Imunisasi dengan sporozoit iradiasi mampu memberikan imunitas protektif pada hewan coba dan sukarelawan. Mekanisme sistem kekebalan tubuh ini banyak dipelajari karena merupakan faktor penting dalam pengembangan vaksin, demikian halnya profil dan/atau ekspresi protein pasca iradiasi yang terkait erat dengan keamanan dan aspek lain dari bahan vaksin. Meskipun telah melalui penelitian yang ekstensif, vaksin yang aman dan protektif belum dapat diperoleh karena masih diperlukan pengetahuan yang lebih mendalam mengenai mekanisme imunitas dan protein dalam litbang malaria. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sel limfosit T berperan penting dalam pengaturan respon imun dan pembentukan memori imunologik yang mengontrol dan mengeliminasi infeksi. Sitokin proinflamasi seperti interleukin-12 (IL-12), interferon-gamma (IFN-?), dan tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-?) juga merupakan mediator esensial dari imunitas protektif pada malaria eritrositik. Berbagai pendekatan lain terkait respon imun seperti genetika molekuler saat ini sedang dilakukan. Studi juga menunjukkan bahwa profil protein bergantung pada beberapa faktor yang akan dibahas lebih lanjut dalam makalah.The development of vaccine against malaria as the deadly disease remains the global public health priority; and it includes the use of irradiated parasites as vaccine materials. Immunization with irradiated sporozoites could provide protective immunity in animals and volunteers. The mechanism of this body immunity system has been studied widely due to its important role in the development of vaccines and profiles and/or protein expression post-irradiation which are closely related to safety and other aspects of vaccine materials. Even though extensive research has been done, a safe and protective vaccine remains elusive because more deeply knowledge on immunity mechanism and protein in malaria research is still needed. Results showed that T-cell lymphocytes have an important role in the regulation of immune response and in the formation of immunological memory which controls and eliminates the infection. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-12 (IL-12), interferon-gamma (IFN-?), and alpha tumor necrosis factor (TNF-?) are also essential mediators of protective immunity in erythrocytic malaria. Various other approaches related to immune response such as molecular genetics has been carried out. The study also showed that protein profile is depended on some factors that will be discussed further in the paper.
Model Meksint Korefsi dengan Pendekatan Jelajah Alam Sekitar pada Pembelajaran Struktur Tubuh Hewan Alimah, Siti; -, Supriyanto; Rahayu Utami, Nur
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 6, No 1 (2014): March 2014
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v6i1.2934

Abstract

Tujuan penelitian adalah menghasilkan model meksint korefsi dengan pendekatan Jalajah Alam Sekitar pada pembelajaran Struktur Tubuh Hewan sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai salah satu alternatif kegiatan perkuliahan Struktur Tubuh Hewan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Research& Development dengan tahapan sebagai berikut: planning, design, dan development dengan 2 tahap evaluasi yaitu: uji alpha, uji betha, dan uji lapangan. Hasil uji alpha pada model pembelajaran meksint korefsi oleh ahli pembelajaran biologi memperoleh skor sebesar 3.13 dan hasil uji betha oleh mahasiswa sebagai pengguna memperoleh skor sebesar 3.64. Hasil uji t test antara dua rombel mahasiswa responden uji lapangan diperoleh thitung= 2.94 ? ttabel= 2.39 (? = 0.01; n = 60). Dengan demikian model meksint korefsi dengan pendekatan Jalajah Alam Sekitar layak digunakan sebagai salah satu alternatif pilihan model pembelajaran dalam proses perkuliahan Struktur Tubuh Hewan, sehingga disarankan perlu adanya proses diseminasi model tersebutThe purpose of the study was to develop the meksint korefsi model with Jelajah Alam Sekitar* approach in the Animal Anatomy, for the alternative model in Animal Anatomy lecture. This is a Research and Development, with the following stages: planning, design and development with three stages of evaluation are: alpha testing, beta testing, and field testing. Alpha test results on the learning model meksint korefsi by expert of instructional biologists with scores was 3.13 and beta test results by the students as users gain score of 3.64. Field test results were analyzed by t-test statistical tvalue = 2.94 ? ttable = 2.39 (? = 0:01, n = 60). The result showed that the meksint korefsi model with Jelajah Alam Sekitar* approach was a feasible model in the learning of Animal Anatomy, so it was suggested to disseminate this model.
Uji Kandungan Timbal (Pb) dalam Daun Tanaman Peneduh di Jalan Protokol Kota Semarang Istiaroh, Pawit Dwi; Martuti, Nana Kariada Tri; Bodijanto, F. Putut Martin Herry
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 6, No 1 (2014): March 2014
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v6i1.3786

Abstract

Gas buang yang dihasilkan oleh kendaraan bermotor pengguna bahan bakar bensin bertimbal mengemisikan Pb ke dalam lingkungan dan berpotensi terserap ke dalam jaringan daun tanaman peneduh jalan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menguji kandungan timbal (Pb) dalam daun tanaman peneduh di jalan protokol Kota Semarang. Sampel penelitian adalah daun angsana (Pterocarpus indicus Willd), glodokan (Polyalthia longifolia Bent & Hook. F) dan mahoni (Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq.) yang dominan digunakan sebagai peneduh di lima jalan protokol Kota Semarang yaitu Jl. Kalibanteng, Jl. Pemuda, Jl. Brigjen Katamso, Jl. Kaligawe dan Jl. Setyabudi. Kandungan Pb dalam daun tanaman angsana, glodokan dan mahoni diuji menggunakan metode AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometery) di Laboratorium Balai Besar Teknologi Pencegahan Pencemaran Industri (BBTPPI) Semarang. Hasil penelitian ditemukan kandungan Pb dalam daun tanaman peneduh di jalan protokol Kota Semarang. Kandungan Pb dalam daun tertinggi 0,05 ppm/g daun basah terdapat pada tanaman angsana dan terendah sebesar 0,01 ppm/g terdapat pada tanaman glodokan dan mahoni. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa kandungan Pb dalam daun tanaman peneduh di jalan protokol Kota Semarang berkisar 0,01-0,05 ppm/g daun basah dan tergolong rendah dibawah kadar normal Pb dalam tanaman yaitu 0,5-3,0 ppm.Exhaust gases produced by motor vehicle users leaded gasoline emits Pb into the environment and potentially absorbed into the leaf tissue of plants along the roadside. The study aimed to examine the content of lead (Pb) in the shade plant leaves in the Semarang City road protocol. Samples were angsana leaves (Pterocarpus indicus Willd), glodokan (Polyalthia longifolia Bent & Hook. F) and mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq.). They were predominantly used as a shade in five main streets of Semarang is Kalibanteng St, Youth St, Brig Katamso St, Kaligawe St and Setyabudi St. The content of Pb in the Angsana, glodokan and mahogany leaves were tested using AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometery) method in Great Hall of The Pollution Prevention Technology Laboratory Semarang. The results showed that the content of Pb was found in the shade plant leaves in the Semarang road protocol. The highest Pb content in leaves was 0.05 ppm/g wet leaves at Angsana plants and the lowest was 0.01 ppm/g contained in mahogany and glodokan plants. Based on the results of this study, it concluded that the content of Pb in the shade plant leaves in the Semarang protocol ranged from 0.01 to 0.05 ppm/g wet leaves and relatively low under normal levels of Pb in plants is 0.5 to 3.0 ppm.
Kesintasan Undur-Undur pada Media Aklimatisasi Arundina, Mayang; Ngabekti, Sri; Santoso, Kukuh
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 6, No 1 (2014): March 2014
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v6i1.2930

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesintasan undur-undur pada media aklimatisasi. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah teduh Jalan Tumpang I/82 Semarang dan Laboratorium Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNNES. Variabel utamanya kesintasan undur-undur, berat dan panjang undur-undur, sedangkan variabel pendukungnya jenis media aklimatisasi, meliputi tanah kering, abu dan serbuk batu bata. Tahap awal, disiapkan media hidup undur-undur, media kemudian dimasukkan kedalam kotak aklimatisasi, diberi cangkup dan dibiarkan selama 10 hari. Undur-undur ditimbang dan diukur panjang tubuhnya kemudian dimasukkan kedalam kotak aklimatisasi, masing-masing kotak diisi15 undur-undur. Kesintasan hidup undur-undur pada masing-masing media diamati selama 45 hari, data diambil seminggu sekali. Undur-undur diberi makan 2 - 3 ekor semut sehari 3 kali. Setelah 45 hari undur-undur ditimbang dan diukur panjang tubuhnya kembali. Data kesintasan hidup undur-undur dianalisis menggunakan Anava Dua jalur. Berat dan panjang undur-undur dianalisis menggunakan t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan undur-undur dapat sintas pada media aklimatisasi, yaitu tanah kering dan abu. Undur-undur mengalami pertambahan berat dan panjang sesudah penelitian. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa undur-undurdapat sintas pada media aklimatisasi yaitu tanah kering dan abu. Ukuran berat dan panjang undur-undur mengalami pertambahan sesudah penelitian.This research was aimed to know the survival of gratus at the acclimatization media. The research was held in the shady house at Jalan Tumpang I/82 Semarang and in the Laboratory of Biology Departement of FMIPA UNNES. The main variables were the survival of gratus, the weight and length of gratus, whereas the supporting variable was the acclimatization media, that is the dry sandy soil, the dust and the powder of bricks. Initially, the acclimatization media was prepared for the gratus, then the media was distributed into the boxes of acclimatization media and the box was covered and left unharmed for about 10 days. The gratus were weighed and the body length was measured, and the animals were placed into the boxes of acclimatization media, each box was filled with 15 gratus animals. The survival of gratus in each media was observed for 45 days, the data was taken once a week. The gratus were fed with 2-3 ants at 3 times a day. After 45 days the gratus were weighed and the body length were measured. The data of the gratus survival was analyzed using Tow-Way Anova. The weigh and the body length were analyzed using t-test. It was concluded that gratus can survive in the dry sandy soil and in the dust. The weight and body length were increased during the research
Efek Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Mimba (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) terhadap Bakteri Vibrio algynoliticus Secara In Vitro Ayini, Uli; B., Siti Harnina; Dewi, Titis Candra
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 6, No 1 (2014): March 2014
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v6i1.3787

Abstract

Budidaya udang windu di Indonesia telah berkembang pesat. Salah satu kendala budidaya udang adalah penyakit Vibriosis yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Vibrio algynoliticus. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efek antibakeri ekstrak daun mimba terhadap bakteri Vibrio algynoliticus. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode dilusi untuk mengetahui efek antibakteri ekstrak daun mimba terhadap bakteri Vibrio algynoliticus secara in vitro. Konsentrasi ekstrak yang digunakan (%) yaitu: 0; 2,5; 5; 7,5; 10; 12,5 dan sebagai kontrol terdiri dari kontrol positif, dan kontrol negatif. Pengumpulan data untuk menentukan MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) dilakukan dengan membandingkan kejernihan kultur di medium TSB 2% pada berbagai konsentrasi yang berbeda, dengan kontrol positif dan kontrol negatif. Penentuan MBC (Minimum Bacterisidal Concentration) dilakukan dengan melihat ada tidaknya dan jumlah koloni bakteri Vibrio alginolyticus yang muncul pada medium subkultur TSA 2% setelah inkubasi 24 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai MIC yaitu konsentrasi 5%, hal ini ditunjukkan dengan tabung yang mulai jernih. Nilai MBC ekstrak daun mimba terhadap bakteri Vibrio alginolyticus adalah konsentrasi 12,5% ditandai dengan sudah tidak munculnya koloni bakteri Vibrio alginolyticus. Berdasarkan penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak daun mimba dapat memberikan efek antibakteri terhadap bakteri Vibrio alginolyticus secara in vitro.Tiger shrimp cultivation in Indonesia has been growing rapidly. The main obstacle is the shrimp farming vibriosis disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio algynoliticus. The aim of this research was to determine the effects of neem leaf extract antibakeri against Vibrio algynoliticus. This study used a dilution method to determine the antibacterial effect of neem leaf extract against Vibrio algynoliticus bacteria in vitro. The concentration of the extract used (%): 0; 2.5; 5; 7.5; 10; 12.5 and as a control consisting of a positive control, and negative control. Data collection to determine the MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) was done by comparing the clarity of culture in TSB medium 2% on a variety of different concentrations, the positive control and a negative control. Determination MBC (Minimum Bacterisidal Concentration) was done by looking at the presence or absence and the number of colonies of bacteria Vibrio alginolyticus that appears in the subculture medium TSA 2% after 24 h incubation. The results showed that the value of MIC was 5%, as shown by the tube began to clear. Value of MBC of neem leaf extract against Vibrio alginolyticus was characterized by a concentration of 12.5% has been no emergence of bacterial colonies Vibrio alginolyticus. Based on the research, it concluded that neem leaf extract can provide antibacterial effect against bacteria Vibrio alginolyticus in vitro.
Transformasi ?-Pinena dengan Bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 25923 Wijayati, Nanik; Astutiningsih, Christina; Mulyati, Suci
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 6, No 1 (2014): March 2014
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v6i1.2931

Abstract

Indonesia adalah Negara utama yang memproduksi minyak atsiri di dunia. Minyak terpentin adalah minyak atsiri yang dihasilkan dari destilasi getah pinus Pinus merkusi J ungh. Et. De. Vr. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan nilai minyak terpentin dengan mengubah kandungan utamanya, ?-pinena menjadi senyawa baru menggunakan P. Aeruginosa dalam metode mikrobiologi. Minyak terpentin diambil dari Perhutani Laboratorium Jawa Tengah, dibuat dengan seri konsentrasi 0,5%, 1%, 2%, dan 4%. Minyak terpentin diinokulasi dalam suspensi P. areuginosa selama 48 jam pada suhu kamar (25-28oC). Hasilnya diekstraksi menggunakan dietil eter. Filtrat Terpentin dianalisis menggunakan GCdan IR. Hasil analisis GC menunjukkan puncak baru di konsentrasi 0,5%, 1%, dan 2%, tetapi dalam konsentrasi 4% tidak menunjukkan puncak baru. Hasil IR menunjukkan hidroksil (OH-) dan C-O alkohol. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa minyak terpentin dapat ditransformasi untuk menjadi senyawa yang mengandung gugus-OH melalui metode mikrobiologi dengan menggunakan bakteri P. aeruginosa.Indonesia is the main producer of essential oil in the world. Turpentine oil is an essential oil which is obtained from pine resin distillation of Pinus merkusi Jungh. et. De.Vr. The aim of this experiment was to increase the value of turpentine oil by changing its main content, i.e. ?-pinene, into a new compound using P. aeruginosa in microbiological method. Turpentine oil was collected from Perhutani Central Java Laboratory, and was made into 0.5%; 1%; 2%; and 4% concentrations and it was inoculated in P. areuginosa suspension for 48 hours in room temperature (25C-280C). The result was extracted using diethylether. The filtrate of turpentine was analyzed using GC and IR. The GC analysis result showed a new peak in 0.5%; 1%; and 2% concentrations, but in the 4% concentration didnt show a new peak. The IR result showed alcohol with hydroxyl (-OH) and CO groups. This experiment concluded that turpentine oil may be transformed using P. aeruginosa in a microbiological method to become a substance containing OH group.
Populasi dan Pola Sebaran Burung di Hutan Wanawisata Galunggung, Tasikmalaya, Jawa Barat Widodo, W.
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 6, No 1 (2014): March 2014
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v6i1.2932

Abstract

Gunung Galunggung ketika erupsi tahun 1982 sebagian besar flora dan fauna yang ada disekitarnya luluh lantak. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui populasi dan pola sebaran burung-burung yang terdapat di kawasan Galunggung periode pemulihan pasca 31 tahun meletus.Metode point count jarak tidak tetap digunakan dalam penelitian ini Gunung Galunggung telah ditetapkan sebagai kawasan Wanawisata Galunggung sejak tahun. Penelitian dilakukan dengan membagi dalam 5 blok pengamatan. Sejumlah 80 titik penghitungan burung ditetapkan dalam 0,7222 km2 luasan area. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dijumpai 39 spesies burung dengan total 719 individu. Ada 10 spesies burung ditemukan dengan populasi tinggi, yaitu Cynniris jugularis (96,93 ind/km2), Lonchura leucogastroides (84,46 ind/km2), Orthotomus sutorius (70,61 ind/km2), Orthotomus cucullatus (62,30 ind/km2), Zosterops palpebrosus (67,85 ind/km2), Pycnonotus aurigaster (55,39 ind/km2), Brachypteryx leucophrys (41,54 ind/km2), Stachyris melanothorax (38,77 ind/km2), Streptopelia chinensis (30,46 ind/km2), dan Halcyon cyanoventris (26,30 ind/km2). Nilai indeks Morista sebesar 7,67, ini menunjukkan bahwa pola sebaran dari sebagian besar burung di Wanawisata Galunggung adalah mengelompok. Secara spesifik tercatat 1 spesies burung sebaran terbatas (Stachyris melanothorax), 1 spesies burung migran (Motacilla cinerea), dan beberapa spesies burung endemik dan dilindungi.When the Galunggung mountain erupted in 1982, most of Galunggungs flora and fauna were devastated severely. A research has been carried out to know about bird population and their dispersion patterns in the Galunggung Tourism Forest after 31 years of restoration phase. The research used nonfixed distance Point Count method and this research was conducted by dividing the observation area into 5 blocks. Eighty watchout points have been established in an area of 0.7222 km2. The study revealed 39 bird species with total of 719 individuals. Among them, 10 species had relatively high population, i.e. Cynniris jugularis (96.93 inds/km2), Lonchura leucogastroides (84.46 inds/km2), Orthotomus sutorius (70.61 inds/km2), Orthotomus cucullatus (62.30 inds/km2), Zosterops palpebrosus (67.85 inds/km2), Pycnonotus aurigaster (55.39 inds/km2), Brachypteryx leucophrys (41.54 inds/km2), Stachyris melanothorax (38.77 inds/km2), Streptopelia chinensis (30.46 inds/km2), and Halcyon cyanoventris (26.30 inds/km2). The Morisita index was 7.67, which indicates that some bird species flocked in groups. The range of Stachyris melanothorax was restricted, whereas Motacillacinerea is considered as migrant species, and others were endemics and protected birds.
Optimasi Jenis dan Konsentrasi ZPT dalam Induksi Kalus Embriogenik dan Regenerasi menjadi Planlet pada Carica pubescens (Lenne & K.Koch) Sari, Nika; R, Enni Suwarsi; -, Sumadi
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 6, No 1 (2014): March 2014
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v6i1.3785

Abstract

Carica pubescens (Lenne & K. Koch) Badillo atau Vasconcellea pubescens, di Indonesia hanya ditemukan di daerah pegunungan Dieng dan Bali. Kultur jaringan merupakan teknik perbanyakan yang efisien. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji pengaruh jenis dan konsentrasi ZPT terhadap induksi kalus embriogenik pada media MS pada C. Pubescens. Penelitian pertama (induksi) merupakan percobaan 2 faktor yang disusun menggunakan rancangan acak petak tersarang (Split block Design) dengan 4 ulangan. Penelitian kedua (regenerasi kalus) merupakan percobaan satu arah yang disusun dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 ulangan. Analisis menggunakan ANAVA dan uji lanjut BNT dengan taraf kesalahan 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa induksi kalus embriogenik dari eksplan jaringan daun paling tinggi didapatkan pada perlakuan ZPT 2,4-D 3 mg/l + TDZ 1 mg/l yang ditambahkan pada media MS, menghasilkan persentase kalus dan berat kalus yang paling tinggi. Untuk regenerasi jenis ZPT BAP dengan konsentrasi 4 mg/l dalam media MS arang aktif yang mengandung NAA 0,2 mg/l, menghasilkan persentase pembentukan kalus menjadi tunas dan jumlah kalus yang membentuk tunas dengan hasil yang optimal. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disarankan untuk menginduksi kalus embriogenik menggunakan kombinasi ZPT 2,4-D dan thidiazuron, sedangkan untuk regenerasinya menggunakan ZPT BAP dan NAA.In Indonesia, Carica pubescens (Lenne & K. Koch) Badillo and Vasconcellea pubescens only found in mountainous areas in Dieng and Bali. Tissue culture is an efficient propagation technique. The aim of this research was to assess the effect of the type and concentration of plant growth regulator on embryogenic callus induction on MS medium in C. Pubescens. The first study (induction) was a two factor experiment were prepared using a nested plot randomized complete block design (Split block design) with 4 replications. The second study (callus regeneration) is a one-way experiment which prepared using a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. Data were analyzed using ANAVA and LSD to further test error level of 5%. The results showed that the induction of embryogenic callus from leaf tissue explants obtained at the highest 2,4-D treatment PGR 3 mg/l+TDZ 1 mg/l were added to the media MS, produce weight percentage of callus and callus highest. For regeneration of PGR BAP with a concentration of 4 mg/l in MS medium containing activated charcoal NAA 0.2 mg/l, a greater percentage of callus formation into buds and the number of callus forming buds with optimal results. Based on the research results, it suggested to induce embryogenic callus using PGR combination with 2,4-D and thidiazuron, while for regeneration was suggested to use PGR BAP and NAA.
Parasitoid Hama Penggerek Batang dan Pucuk Tebu di Cinta Manis, Ogan Ilir Sumatera Selatan Meidalima, Dewi
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 6, No 1 (2014): March 2014
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v6i1.2928

Abstract

Serangan hama penggerek tebu siap panen sebesar 11,25% di Cinta Manis tahun 2007. Lahan pengamatan 1 ha di bagi menjadi 5 petak secara diagonal, masing-masing seluas 200 m2, populasi tanaman sebanyak 1500 batang. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui keanekaragaman, spesies parasitoid dan potensi parasitasinya. Ditemukan 3 spesies parasitoid telur (Trichogramma chilonis; Telenomus dignoides; Tetrastichus schoenobii) dan 3 spesies parasitoid larva (Rachonathus scirpophagae; Stenobracon nicevillei; Diatraeophaga striatalis). Parasitisasi parasitoid telur penggerek pucuk di lahan dengan dan tanpa tumbuhan liar oleh Telenomus dignoides, Tetrastichus schoenobii, Trichogramma chilonis sebesar 6,96% dan 80,48%; 29,13% dan 15,22%; 0% dan 0,71%. Parasitisasi parasitoid telur penggerek batang di lahan dengan dan tanpa tumbuhan liar oleh Tetrastichus schoenobii sebesar 48,88% dan 36,08%, Telenomus dignoides sebesar 29,35% dan 28,34%. Parasitisasi parasitoid larva penggerek pucuk di lahan dengan dan tanpa tumbuhan liar oleh Rachonothus scirpophagae sebesar 2,66% dan 1,59%, dan Stenobracon nicevillei sebesar 1,81% dan 0,99%. Parasitisasi parasitoid larva penggerek batang (Diatraeophaga striatalis), di lahan dengan dan tanpa tumbuhan liar sebesar 32,23% dan 19,62%. Keanekaragaman spesies parasitoid telur (H=0,627)dan larva penggerek pucuk (H=0,686) tertinggi pada lahan dengan tumbuhan liar. Keanekaragaman spesies parasitoid telur penggerek batang tertinggi pada lahan tanpa tumbuhan liar adalah H=0,686.During 2007 in Cinta Manis area, the attack of borers on readily harvested sugarcane reached 11.25%. A 1-ha observation field was divided diagonally into 5 plots, each with an area of 200 m2, and populated with 1,500 plants. The aims of this study were to know the diversity of parasitoids species and their parasitic potentials. As many as 3 species of parasitoid eggs (Trichogramma chilonis; Telenomus dignoides; Tetrastichus schoenobii) and 3 species of parasitoid larvae (Rachonathus scirpophagae; Stenobracon nicevillei; Diatraeophaga striatalis) have been found. The parasitization of shoot borer egg parasitoids (Telenomus dignoides, Tetrastichus schoenobii, Trichogramma chilonis) in the field with and without wild plants were 61.96% and 80.48%; 29.13% and 15.22%; 0% and 0.71%, respectively. The parasitization of stem borer egg parasitoids of Tetrastichus schoenobii in the field with and without wild plants were 48.88% and 36.08%, respectively, and of Telenomus dignoides were 29.35% and 28.34%, respectively. The parasitization of shoots borer larval parasitoids of Rachonothus scirpophagae in the field with and without wild plants were 2.66% and 1.59%, respectively, and of Stenobracon nicevillei were 1.81% and 0.99%, respectively. Parasitization of larvae parasitoid stem borer (Diatraeophaga striatalis) in the field with and without the wild plants were 32.23% and 19.62%, respectively. The highest diversity of eggs (H=0.627) and larvae (H=0.686) of shoot borer parasitoid species were in the field with wild plants. The highest diversity of egg stem borer parasitoid species in the field without wild plants was H=0.686.
Identifikasi dan Kelimpahan Lalat Buah Bactrocera pada Berbagai Buah Terserang Rini Indriyanti, Dyah; Nur Isnaini, Yanuarti; Priyono, Bambang
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 6, No 1 (2014): March 2014
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v6i1.2933

Abstract

Penelitian bertujuan mengidentifikasi spesies dan kelimpahan Bactrocera yang menyerang berbagai buah di Kecamtan Demak dan Dempet Kabupaten Demak. Penelitian menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengambil 5 macam buah yang terserang (jambu air, belimbing, jambu biji, melinjo dan mangga), pengambilan data faktor klimatik dilakukan pada saat pengambilan sampel. Buah terserang kemudian dilakukan rearing, Bactrocera spp yang didapat dilakukan identifikasi. Bactrocera yang menyerang jambu air yaitu Bactrocera ablistrigta, Bactrocera carambolae menyerang belimbing dan jambu biji, Bactrocera mcgregori menyerang melinjo dan Bactrocera papayae menyerang mangga. Kelimpahan Bactrocera albistrigata sebesar 112 individu/kg jambu air, Bactrocera carambolae pada belimbing sebesar 368 individu/kg belimbing, Bactrocera carambolae pada jambu biji sebesar 86 individu/kg jambu biji, Bactrocera papayae sebesar 48/kg mangga dan Bactrocera mcgregogi sebesar 668 individu/kg melinjo. Kelimpahan tertinggi terdapat pada Bactrocera mcgregogi yaitu 668 individu/kg melinjo. Kelimpahan terendah pada Bactrocera papayae yaitu 48 individu/kg mangga.This study was conduted in Demak and Dempet districts Demak regency. Demak is one of the producer of horticultural crops such as fruits. The objective of this research is identifying the species and abundance of Bactrocera which attacked various fruits in Demak regency. The research used was purposive sampling method. The steps of this research include 5 various infected fruits (water aple (, starfruit, guava, gnetum gnemon and mango climatic factors data collection is done at the time of sampling, developing fruit then carried rearing, Bactrocera spp obtained to identify. Bactrocera that infected the water aple (Bactrocera ablistrigta), Bactrocera carambolae attack starfruit and guava, Bactrocera mcgregori attack melinjo (Gnetum gnemon) and Bactrocera papayae attack mango. Bactrocera albistrigata abundance of 112 individuals/kg water aple, starfruit Bactrocera carambolae on by 368 individual/kg starfruit, guava Bactrocera carambolae on by 172 individual/kg guava, Bactrocera papayae by 48/kg mango and Bactrocera mcgregori of 668 individual/kg Gnetum gnemon.The highest abundance showed by Bactrocera mcgregori that is 668 individual/kg melinjo(Gnetum gnemon). The lowest abundance was (Bactrocera papayae 48 individual/ 0,5 kg mango).

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