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PENGARUH FREKUENSI DAN WAKTU PENCUCIAN BERBANTU ULTRASONIK MENGGUNAKAN ISOPROPANOL TERHADAP KADAR GLUKOMANAN DAN VISKOSITAS TEPUNG PORANG (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) Lucia Hermawati Rahayu; Dyah Hesti Wardhani; Abdullah Abdullah
METANA Vol 9, No 01 (2013): Juli 2013
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Abstract Konjac (Amorphophallus oncophillus) contains a high economic value of soluble fiber glucomannan. Most of Indonesia konjac flour is exported in low (glucomannan content <65) hence sell in cheap price. Quality of glucomannan could be improved by removing impurities such as starch and cellulose. Application of ultrasonic-assisted extraction (leaching) of non glucomannan compound is an effective method to purify the konjac flour. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of ultrasonic waves frequency and leaching time of ultrasonic-assisted extraction method using aqueous isopropanol on glucomannan purification. The leaching conducted two frequencies (20 and 40 kHz) and various extraction time (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 minutes). The results showed that the best condition of glucomannan purification was achieved at 20 kHz for 10 minutes. In this conditon, glucomannan content , viscosity and yield were 76.1%, 12,800 cPs, and 96.1%, respectively. Keywords: konjac (Amorphophallus oncophillus), glucomannan, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, isopropanol

Proses Pembuatan Etanol Dari Gula Menggunakan Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Amobil Widyanti, Emmanuela M; Moehadi, Bintang Iwhan
METANA Vol 12, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

AbstrakÂ Etanol merupakan bahan kimia yang mempunyai kegunaan sangat luas, didapatkan secara fermentasi menggunakan substrat bahan mengandung gula, bio-katalis dari khamir Saccharomyces cerevisiae yang diamobilisasi. Saat iniÂ fermentasi lebih banyak menggunakan bio-katalis dari khamir sebagai sel bebas dan proses secara batch, penggunan sel amobil dengan proses kontinyu belum banyak dilakukan. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan substrat sukrosa, glukosa dan gula cair, bio-katalis dari khamir Saccharomyces cerevisiae yang diamobilisasi, dilakukan dalam reaktor kolom. Sel amobil didapatkan dengan melakukan pencampuran Saccharomyces cereviseae sebagai inokulum pada kurva pertumbuhan logaritmik 18 jam dicampur Na Alginat 8 % dalam larutan CaCl2 2 %. Proses fermentasi dilakukan menggunakan reaktor kolom pada laju alir substrat 6 mL/menit dan waktu tinggal 41,03 menit dengan sistem kontinyu. Hasil dianalisa setiap 30 menit, dari menit ke-0 sampai 240,Â didapatkan hasil sebagai berikut, sukrosa mengalami penurunan 8,64â€“7,88 % dan pembentukan etanol 0â€“3,11 %, sedangkan penurunan glukosa 8,45â€“7,08% dan kenaikan etanol 0â€“4,46 %, gula cair terjadi penurunan 8,45â€“6,94 % dan kenaikan etanol Â Â 0â€“4,46 %, pengujian dilakukan menggunakan brixmeter dan etanol sensor.Â Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan penurunan substrat tidak terlalu significant, sedangkan pembentukan etanol pada substrat glukosa dan gula cair tidak banyak perbedaan , karena gula cair yang digunakan mempunyai kemurnian tinggi. Dari penelitian tersebut didapatkan bahwa Saccharomyces cerevisieae amobil dapat digunakan sebagai bio â€“ katalis dalam pembentukan etanol, hasil yang didapatkan lebih murni dan bio â€“katalis dapat digunakan lebih dari satu kali.Â Â Â Production Etanol From Sugar With Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ImmobilizedÂ Etanol is very useful chemical material. Made by Saccharomyces cerevisiae immobilized. The most method of etanol fermentation is Saccharomyces cerevisiae by batch fermentation processes. Another method called immobilized is not familiar. This research was done in column-reactor using substrat sucrose, glucose and liquid sugar. Immobilized cell is produced by mixed Saccharomyces cerevisiae at logaritmic growth curve 18 hour with Na Alginat 18 % and liquid CaCl2 2 %. Flow rate of substrat 6 mL/minutes and residence time 41.03 minutes in continuous system. The result of product analyzed every 30 minutes (0â€“240 minutes) : sucrose decreasing 8.64â€“7.88 %, etanol produced 0â€“3.11 %, glucose decreasing 8.45â€“7.08 %, etanol produced 0â€“4.46 %, liquid sugar 8.45â€“6.94 %, etanol increasing 0â€“4.46 %, measured by brixmeter and etanol sensor. The result of the research : differences of substrat decreasing is not significant, etanol product from glucose and liquid sugar not significant because the purity of liquid sugar is high. The conclusion of the research is Saccharomyces cerevisiae immobilized can be use as bio-catalyst in etanol production, the product is have good purity and bio-catalyst can be used more than once.Â Â

MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF' GAULTHERASE INACTIVATION KINETICS FOR THE GAULTHERIN PRODUCTION FROM WINTERGREEN (Gaulteria fragantissima) Yulianto, Mohamad Endy Y; Hartati, Indah; yuniastuti, Ari
METANA Vol 5, No 2 (2007): Desember 2007
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Abstract Wintergreen (Gaultheria fragantissima) is the source of the essential oil of wintergreen which is comprised predominantly of methyl salicylic. During this time wintergreen is not yet economically developed because of the lack of the cultivation technology. One of effort that is needed to be studied beside the cultivation tecnology andÂ the wintergren oil quality development is the product diversification. wintergreen comprised by far the highest concentration of both free salicylic and total salicylic acid which is expected of a plant known for the formation of the wintergreen oil, an essential oil consisting primarily of methyl salicylic. The concentration of total salicylate found in wintergreen is over 20 fold greater than the total salicylic concentration (salicylic and any derivates combined) found in Filipendula, and 100 fold greater than that found in Lemon Thyme. The active form of salicylic acid in wintergreen is Gaultherin. Gaultherin has many properties related to human health. Gaultherin consists of methyl salicylic conjugated to the disaccharide, primeverose. When plant tissues are disrupted the endogenous gaultherin is rapidly lost, presumably by enzymatic hydrolysis with the release of methyl salicylic. The problem is until this time there is not yet available an effective method for the gaultherin extraction. The difficulties faced on the gaultherin production are the fact that along the gaultherin extraction. and along with the disruption of the wintergreen tissue, the gaultherin is hydrolyzed into its individual components which are methyl salicylic and disaccharide. The alternative process for the gaultherin production from wintergreen is the gaultherin production process by enzyme inactivation andÂ extraction process in an inactivation extractor using a n organic solvent (alcoholic solvent extraction). This paper is intended to study the enzyme inactivation rate which is play an important role in the dimension determination of the process equipments. Enzyme inactivation can be describes as first orde reaction. The enzyme inactivation constant Â kp is the temperature, pressure, and water concentration function. The dependency, model of Â the temperature based on Arhenius type while the pressure dependencyÂ is based on Eyring equation. Â Keywords : gaultherin, inactivation. kinetics

Uji Stabilitas pH dari Daun Mangga Hasil Ekstraksi Dengan Menggunakan Metode Spektrofotometer Elliana, Kartika Dian; Broto, R.T.D. Wisnu
METANA Vol 15, No 1 (2019): Juni 2019
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Ekstraksi merupakan proses pemisahan dan isolasi zat dari suatu zat dengan penambahan pelarut tertentu untuk mengeluarkan komponen campuran dari zat padat atau zat cair. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan ekstraksi klorofilid dari daun mangga untuk mengetahui stabilitas reduksi klorofil hasil ekstraksi berupa ekstrak dan rafinat. Ekstraksi klorofilid dilakukan dengan alat ekstraktor berpengaduk yaitu dengan memotong daun mangga 1 cm kemudian di ekstraksi dengan pelarut Aquadest 25%:75% Isopropil Alkohol.Â Pemilihan pelarut merupakan faktor yang menentukan dalam proses ekstraksi. Hal-hal yang perlu diperhatikan dalam pemilihan pelarut adalah selektivitas, sifat pelarut, kemampuan untuk mengekstraksi, tidak bersifat racun, mudah diuapkan dan harganya relatif murah. Karakteristik ekstrak klorofilid menggunakan spektrofotometer untuk mengetahui absorbansi klorofil optimum dalam suatu variabel ekstrak dan rafinat serta uji pH untuk mengetahui stabilitas pH yang baik untuk mereduksi klorofil daun mangga. Hasil absorbansi klorofil optimum pada suhu 60OC dan waktu 70 menit pada ekstrak dan hasil stabilitas pH untuk mereduksi klorofil didapatkan pada pH 9 asam serta pH 2 basa.Extraction is the process of separating and isolating substances from a substance by adding a particular solvent to remove a mixed component of a solid or a liquid. In this study, extraction of chlorophyllid from mango leaves to determine the stability of chlorophyll reduction in the extract and raffinate. Extraction of chlorophyllid was done by stirring extractor that is by cutting mango leaves 1 cm then in extraction with Aquadest solvent 25%: 75% Isopropyl Alcohol. Selection of solvents is a decisive factor in the extraction process. Things to note in the selection of solvents are the selectivity, the properties of the solvent, the ability to extract, not toxic, easily evaporated and the price is relatively cheap. Characteristics of chlorophyll extract using spectrophotometer to determine the absorbance of optimum chlorophyll in an extract and raffinate variables and pH test to find out good pH stability to reduce mango leaf chlorophyll. The optimum chlorophyll absorbance results at 60OC and 70 minutes on the extract and the pH stability result to reduce chlorophyll was found at pH 9 acid and pH 2 base.

PERANAN K 3 DALAM MANAJEMEN BENCANA Sutanto, Sutanto
METANA Vol 8, No 02 (2012): Desember 2012
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

A disaster is an event that occurs suddenly and is continuing that adversely affect the normal pattern of life or damage to the ecosystem. It is required emergency action and incredible to help and save people's lives and their environment. The incident could damage the structure and function of the crippling, resulting in damage and losses of lives and objects and facilities of community life. Disaster management is all efforts are embodied in an activity or series of activities undertaken to eliminate in part or all of the disaster and its impact and avoid the disaster that impacts can be minimized. Keywords : disarter management, mitigation, early worning

MODEL DIAGRAM JANECKE KESETIMBANGAN FASA PADAT-CAIR PROSES TIPE SOLVAY UNTUK PEMBUATAN Na2CO3 DAN KCI DARI ABU SABUT KELAPA Wahyuningsih Wahyuningsih
METANA Vol 5, No 2 (2007): Desember 2007
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Abstract Sodium carbonate and Kalium Chlorde are two major Chemical compound in industry such is glass, pulp, soap and paper industry. Sodium carbonate and kalium chloride can be produces simultaneously from coconut shell fiber as by solvay type process. The ash coconut shell fiber contain larger portion of Kalium carbonate (35-45%-b Dikaliumoxide). The Material used in the research were kalium carbonate , kalium bicarbonate sadium chloride, carbon dioxide , kalium chloride, sodium carbonate ,sodium bicarbonate and water. The research parameter were the solubility of the salts kalium carbonate sodium chloride, sodium carbonate ,kalium chloride, sodium bicarbonate and kalium bicarbonate. For the solid liquid phase equilibrium data the observation for K+-Nα+- CI- CO3 - -H2O system was conducted. 30-40C and for K+-Nα+- CI- HCO3 - -H2O system the observasion was conducted at 55-65C They also help to identify the separation boundaries , the condition of operation ,the lise of solids that are most likely to precipitate and many more. Information, the generated SLE-phase ,diagrams such as phase boundary data and saturation point data may be used to solve grapichally the mass balance equations is related to the operational pathson the phase diagrams, the temperature dependent phase boundaries and the solubility index it is possible to simultaneously design.analize and simulate both continous flow sheets wich crystallization operation and sequences of batch.operations. The Simultaneous graphical not only provides a visualization of the process operation, but also,provides very goods initial estimates for future simulations with rigorous model.Jancke diagram .from Na + K t – CI- HCO3 - -H2O system at 50 C has the crystallization field.while the widest crystallization field for the Na + K t – CI- HCO3 - -H2O system was obtained from process at 400C Keyword : Janecke diagram; proses solvey

PEMANFAATAN MINYAK JELANTAH UNTUK PEMISAHAN PATCHOULI ALKOHOL MINYAK NILAM DENGAN DESTILASI EKSTRAKTIF Hidayatna, Deden; Ariyanto, Hermawan Dwi; Pudjihastuti, Isti
METANA Vol 11, No 02 (2015): Desember 2015
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

AbstractÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Patchouli oil is an essential oil obtained from the leaves of patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) by distillation. Oil is a non-oil export commodities among the most volatile oil exports in Indonesia. Patchouli oil exports in 2004 amounted to 1295 tons, while exports of the whole essential oil was 2633 tons (BPS, 2006). So that nearly 50% of volatile oil exports, dominated by patchouli oil. Patchouli oil are not only used as perfuming ingredients, can also be used as a drag scent perfumes other perfuming ingredients that do not quickly lose aroma and more durable (fixative) in the manufacture of perfumes, cosmetics and soap. Even today, the patchouli oil many developed toward drug product. This is because the essential oil contains more than 24 types of sesquiterpene, which has the potential as anti-cancer compounds, anti-microbial, anti-inflamatory, antibiotics and anti-microbial and anti-tumor. One component of patchouli oil potential and have a very high sale value of patchouli alcohol. Almost all the components of patchouli alcohol can produce the flavor and health products and medicines, and some researchers have attempted to separate them. Therefore, it is necessary to separate the essential oil of patchouli alcohol by combining the extraction and distillation in one column using a solvent used frying oil. This process is known as extractive distillation. Used frying oil is a solvent that can bind impuritas and alter the relative volatility of components in the original condition. This research started with the design and manufacture vacuum extractive distillation. A preliminary study conducted to determine the pressure relatively well for use in the purification process pathcouli alcohol patchouli oil. This pressure was varied in two variables, 3, 4 and 5 mmHg with a temperature of 110, 120,130,140, and 150oC. While the distillation time set two, four, six and eight hours, expected in this range at all pathchouli alcohol distillate. sample of each distillate was analyzed using gas chromatografi. advantages of our lab is able to replace the function of n-hexane as a solvent that has been used conventionally and transformed to enable the use of waste cooking oil is recovered the former (oil Jelantah).Keyword :extractive destillation, flavour,patchouli oil

MESIN PENGIRIS KENTANG SISTEM SENTRIFUGAL Suharto, Suharto
METANA Vol 6, No 01 (2009): April 2009
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Abstrak Pengolahan kentang menjadi keripik merupakan tahapan pascapanen yang ditempuh untuk pengembangan penganekaragaman produk dan peningkatan nilai tambah Metode yang digunakan dimulai dengan proses mengiris kentang segar menjadi irisan tipis dengan ketebalan 2 mm. Hasil merancang dan membuat mesin ini diperoleh mesin pengiris kentang sistem silinder pemutar dengan kapasitas 350 kg yang dapat diproses selama 1 jam, dan dimensi mesin dengan panjang 600 mm, lebar 400 mm, dan tinggi l000 mm dengan penggerak motor listrik 1 HP. Pengaturan pisau sebelum menggunakan mesin untuk mendapatkan ketebalan hasil irisan yang diinginkan. Pemakaian material sebaiknya dipilih stainles steel (baja tahan karat) untuk memberikan higienes bagi makanan Â Kata kunci : Mesin, pengiris, kentang sentrifugal

Analisa Kadar Lemak Dalam Susu Perah Sapi Menggunakan Gaya Sentrifugasi Masruroh, Hidayatul; Masruroh, Ulla Disky; Nugraheni, Fransisca Sri; Paramita, Vita
METANA Vol 14, No 1 (2018): Juni 2018
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Selama berabad-abad susu telah dikenal sebagai bahan pangan yang dibutuhkan oleh manusia, karena susu banyak mengandung semua komponen bahan yang diperlukan oleh manusia. Kandungan terbesar susu adalah air dan lemak. Penelitian ini melakukan pengujian kandungan lemak pada susu sapi murni menggunakan gaya sentrifugasi, dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variabel berubah, berupa suhu yang digunakan dalam penimpanan susu yaitu 50C, 250C dan 300C, putaran yang digunakan selama percobaan yaitu 1772 rpm, 2080 rpm, 2455 rpm, 3266 rpm, dan 4080 rpm serta waktu yang digunakan yaitu 15 menit, 20 menit dan 25 menit terhadap pemisahan lemak dalam susu sapi murni. Uji analisa pada penelitian ini meliputi uji kandungan lemak, pH, densitas dan viskositas. Pada penelitian tersebut variabel paling optimal yaitu susu pada suhu 300C dengan kecepatan putaran 2455 rpm dan dalam waktu 25 menit mendapatkan hasil kandungan lemak sebesar 2,5ml. Sedangkan hasil pengukuran pH dari ketiga variabel mendapatkan hasil 6,5. Untuk densitas hasil yang didapat yaitu 1,014;1,052; 1,036 masing-masing pada suhu 50C,250C,300C dan untuk viskositas sebesar 1,46. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak perbedaan signifikan pengaruh kecepatan putaran sentrifugasi terhadap densitas, pH maupun viskositas. Namun terdapat pengaruh putaran kecepatan sentrifugasi terhadap kadar lemak yang terpisahkan. Semakin tinggi suhu penyimpanan disertai peningkatan kecepatan putaran sentrifugasi, maka semakin tinggi kadar lemak yang terpisahkan.Â Â Â Fat Content Separation Analysis from Dairy Milk by using CentrifugeÂ For centuries dairy has been well known as the food needed by humans, due to its benefits for growth. The major content of milk is water and fat. This study examined the fat content of pure cow's milk using centrifugation force, with the aim to know the effect of independent variables, such as the temperature used in milk storage (5, 25 and 30 0C), the rotation speed of centrifugation (1772, 2080, 2455, 3266, and 4080 rpm) and the centrifugation time (15, 20 and 25 minutes) against the separation of fat in pure cow's milk. The analysis was including fat content test, pH, density and viscosity. In this study, the most optimum variables of fat content separation from milk (2.5 ml) were found at temperature of 300C with the centrifugation speed of 2455 rpm rotation and within 25 minutes. While, there were no different of the pH (6.5) and viscosity (1.46) regarding to the dependent variables. For the density, the results obtained are 1.014, 1.052; 1,036 for each at 50C, 250C, 300C. The result showed that there were no significant difference in the effect of centrifugation rotation speed to density, pH and viscosity. However, increasing the centrifugation rotation speed increased the fat content. The higher the storage temperature along with the increased speed of the centrifugation cycle, were resulted the higher the separated fat content.

FORMULASI MIKROENKAPSUL OLEORESIN KAYUMANIS (Cinnamon burmanni) DAN CENGKEH (Caryophillus aromaticus Linn) Arifan, Fahmi; Wikanta, Deddy Kurniawan
METANA Vol 8, No 01 (2012): Juli 2012
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Product development spices such as cinnamon and cloves in the form of oleoresin microcapsules cinnamon and cloves that can be used as a natural preservative because of its potential as an antioxidant and antimicrobial as well as a flavoring agent (agent taste) in food products. In this research, formulation of microcapsules to obtain microcapsules pleoresin cloves and cinnamon. Optimal extraction results obtained at 50 Â° C, pressure of 350 bar, the efficiency of clove and cinnamon bark amounted to 17.24% and 1.16% of khromatography Cinnamaldehye analysis of cinnamon was 96.7%, moderate levels of eugenol clove 72, 08%. Terstabil emulsion composition with a ratio of lecithin; gum arabic; malto dextrin and CMC (10; 90, 10, 10), emulsion terstabil microcapsules made â€‹â€‹with two formulas, formula A with clove oleoresin composition is more dominant, and the composition of formula B with composition oleoresin microcapsules cinnamon bark is more dominant, the results for the microencapsulation formula A 8 (1:4) was 85.98% and B8 formula (4:1) 89.13%. Key word : oleoresin clove, cinnamon-microencapsulated

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