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Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis

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Published by Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

ISSN : - EISSN : 16933834 DOI : -

Core Subject : Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

Jurnal ini mempublikasikan artikel asli baik penelitian dasar maupun terapan di bidang ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi kayu, bahan berlignoselulosa bukan kayu, hasil hutan lainnya dan industri hasil hutan.

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Articles 10 Documents

Search results for , issue "Vol 15, No 1 (2017): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis" : 10 Documents clear

Pengaruh Posisi pada Batang terhadap Sifat Fisik dan Dimensi Serat Kayu Gmelina Hasil Penjarangan (The Influence of Stem Position on Physical Properties and Fiber Dimension of Gmelina from Thinning Activity) Sigit B Prabawa
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 15, No 1 (2017): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Gmelina arborea Roxb. is a native species to Bangladesh, Cambodia, Southern China, India, Japan, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam, and Indonesia. Its regional name includes Gamar, Yemane, Khamari, White Teak, Gmelina, and Melina. For commercial purposes, gmelina can be reasonably developed for industrial forest plantation or community forest plantation in Indonesia based on its wood characteristics. The objectives of this study were to determine the physical properties and fiber dimension of wood procured from thinning activities. The research showed that the oven and air dried density, air dried specific garvity, and air dried moisture content of the gmelina wood were 0.38 g cm-3, 0.44 g cm-3, 0.37 and 19.82% respectively. The average of the fiber length, fiber diameter, lumen diameter and cell wall thickness were 820.13, 27.16, 21.13, and 3.01 µm, respectively. The differences in position on the stem affect the density, specific gravity and fiber length, in which the higher position of the stem, the lower of their values. But it does not affect the air dry water content, the fiber diameter, lumen diameter and cell wall thickness.Keywords: fiber dimension, Gmelina arborea, physical properties, thinning, wood utilization

Identifikasi Fosil Kayu asal Bogor dan Lebak (Identification of Wood Fossil from Bogor and Lebak) Andianto Andianto; Agus Ismanto
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 15, No 1 (2017): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Fossil wood is a heritage of flora history from a certain area. Species determination and age estimation are conducted on two sample of fossil wood which are collected from Bogor and Lebak districts. Anatomical features on transversal, radial and tangential sections were identified using microscope of Imager-A1m type. Anatomy description refers to the International Association of Wood Anatomists (IAWA) list of microscopic features for hardwood identification. The age estimation of the fossil wood was determined based on geological map analysis. The identified anatomical features of the first sample is vessels which mostly solitaire, radial and diagonal multiples; diffuse, vasicentric, confluent and narrow bands or lines up to three cells wide parenchyma; axial resin canals are arrayed in long tangential lines. These anatomical characteristics are belonging to Shoreoxylon sp. (meranti). The identified anatomical characteristics of the second sample is exclusively solitary vessels; diffuse and vasicentric parenchyma; and possesses tangential resin canals with diameter smaller than vessel diameter. These anatomical characteristics are owned by Dryobalanoxylon sp. (kamper). The age estimation of the wood fossils are 2.5 to 0.01 million years old (early to middle Pleistocene period).Keywords: Bogor, Dryobalanoxylon, fossil wood, Lebak, Shoreoxylon

Pengaruh Jenis dan Konsentrasi Zat Aditif Perekat dari Kulit Sapi pada Kayu Laminasi Jabon (Effect of Additive Substance and Concentration in Cowhide Adhesive on Jabon Laminated Wood) Lukmanul H Zaini; Yusuf S Hadi; Mahdi Mubarak; Aris Sunaryo
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 15, No 1 (2017): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Recently, awareness of using natural adhesive materials for biocomposite products was increased. However, natural adhesive still facing many problems on physical and mechanical properties of the resulting biocomposite products. Therefore, adhesive modifications are needed in order to improve natural adhesives performance. The purpose of this study is to understand the effect of additive substance and concentration in cowhide adhesive on Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba) laminated wood. Three types of additive substance (paraformaldehyde, polyurethane and albumin) were added into cowhide adhesive with three different concentration (10, 20 and 30%). The testing were conducted on moisture content, density, shear strength, and delamination. Shear strength was tested according to ASTM D-905 while moisture content, density, and delamination were tested according to JAS 234:2003 standard for Glue Laminated Timber. The results showed that all treatment were not affecting moisture content and density. In addition, additive substance was affecting shear strength and delamination. Nonetheless, concentration of additive substance was only affecting shear strength. The best shear strength value were 63.75 kg cm-2. The value meets the JAS 234:2003 standard. Compared to all of the treatment applied, the best result was achieved by 30% paraformaldehyde addition. Based on this experiment, laminated wood is suitable for interior application.Keywords: bio-adhesive, cowhide adhesive, jabon, laminated wood

Biodeteriorasi Semilaboratoris Daun dan Ranting Mangium dengan Aktivator Jamur Saprofitik (Semi-Laboratory Scale Biodeterioration of Mangium Leaves and Twigs with Saprophytic Fungal Activators) Djarwanto Djarwanto; Sihati Suprapti
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 15, No 1 (2017): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Logging operation of mangium (Acacia mangium)’s forest generates enormous amount of wastes, such as cut-wood pieces, wood barks, twigs, and leaves. The wastes, mainly twigs and leaves are left unutilized on logging sites. Biodeterioration of these wastes is slow and therefore disturb local nutrient cycle. In the present researches, biodeterioration of mangium’s twigs and leaves were accelerated by the use of eight (8) saprophytic rotting-fungi activators. Biodeterioration was assessed using organic-carbon content, total-nitrogen content, nutrient content, and cation-exchange capacity (CEC). It was found that the C/N ratio after 30 and 90 days fungal inoculation decreased to 23-32 and 16-23, respectively. C/N-ratios of lower than 20 were achieved by the use of Pycnoporus sanguineus (isolate HHBI-317), Marasmius sp, Polyporus sp., and Schizophyllum commune innoculated for 90 days. Inoculation both for 30 and 90 days increased CEC value to >27 me per 100 g. The high CEC value increased their adsorption capacity, storage capacity, and nutrient availability needed for plant growth.Keywords: Acacia mangium, biodeterioration, eight activator fungal species, inoculan, logging wastes, nutrient content.

Analisis Biaya Produksi Pelet Kayu (Cost Analysis of Wood Pellet Production) Bintang CH Simangunsong; Karina A Wilma; EG Togu Manurung; Vera J Sitanggang; Armansyah H Tambunan
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 15, No 1 (2017): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Eco-friendly renewable energy such as wood pellet is necessary to replace fossil fuels. Hence, the wood pellet industry has been rapidly developed, particularly, in European and America countries. To capitalize a high demand of wood pellet in those countries, Indonesia’s wood pellet companies need analysis tools to make decision on management and operation of their wood pellet production such as productivity, efficiency, production cost and and profitability assessments. The objectives of this study were to analyze cost, break-event point and profitability of wood pellet production. This study was conducted at a large integrated wood based panel and wood working products company, which produces wood pellet from its forest products residues. The results showed that the production cost was about IDR 1.41 millions per ton or US$ 114 per ton. The break-even point was about 1400 tons per year or about 84.7% of actual production. The return on investment (ROI) was about 14.15 %, which was slightly higer than a lending rate of 10.25%.Key words: energy, production cost, profitability, wood pellet, wood residues

Steam and Microwave Pretreatments in the Preparation of Bioethanol from Sugar Palm Kernel Nyoman J Wistara; Martua YS Nababan; Rahmi N Hidayah
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 15, No 1 (2017): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

It is paramount to develop bioethanol production based on the utilization of less important carbohydrate based feedstock such as the sugar palm kernel. In the present works, the kernel powder of sugar palm was hydrolyzed by enzymatic and acidic procedures heated either by autoclaving or microwaving. Fermentation of the resulting reducing sugars was then carried out by Saccharomyces cerevisiae at the concentration of 3, 10, and 17% for 24, 48, and 72 hours. It was found that the highest hydrolysis efficiency was by autoclaved acid hydrolysis (92.52%). On the other hand, the highest fermentation efficiency was obtained by 24 hours fermentation with a 17% S. cerevisiae of the resulting sugar from autoclaved enzymatic hydrolysis (97.36%), and the highest ethanol yield was obtained from autoclaved acid hydrolysis fermented for 72 hours with 17% S. cerevisiae (76.49%). Keywords: bioethanol, fermentation, hydrolysis, S. cerevisiae, sugar palm kernel

Komponen Kimia dan Sifat Antioksidan Kopal (Chemical Components and Anti-oxidative Properties of Copal) Ganis Lukmandaru
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 15, No 1 (2017): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Analysis of the chemical components and anti-oxidative properties of copals were conducted. Copal samples were procured from 6 trees of Agathis borneensis stand established in Banyumas Timur Forest Management Unit. SNI 7634:2011 was referred in chemical analysis of the samples. The copals were dissolved in toluene and ethanol, consecutively. Neutral and acidic fractions were obtained by fractionation of toluene soluble extracts. Total phenolic content of ethanol soluble extracts were determined by Folin-Ciolcateu method. Copal components were detected by GC-MS analysis and anti-oxidative properties were examined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) test. Dirt content, ash content, and acid number were found in the range of 6.25-22.63%, 0.05-0.16%, and 190-378, respectively. Solubility in toluene was of 19-46% and solubility in ethanol was of 53-81% based on extract weights. Neutral and acidic fractions based on toluene extract were in the range of 20-44% and 56-80%, respectively. The components of copal were assigned as resin acid (agatholic acid), neutral diterpene derivates (agathadiol, labdanenone, labdadienedioat), and alcohol monoterpene. Total phenolic content was in the range of 12-22 mg g-1 extract equivalent to gallic acid . Anti-oxidative values of the presently investigated copal were comparatively low, regardless of the copals were indicated to contain phenolic compoundsKeywords: Agathis borneensis, antioxidative properties, copals, extractives, resin

Kualitas Glulam Samama dengan Kombinasi Kayu Mangium dan Mahoni (The Quality of Samama Glulam and Its Combination with Mangium and Mahogany Wood) Tekat D Cahyono; Fauzi Febrianto; Syarif Ohorella
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 15, No 1 (2017): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Previous study on several types of samama glulam had shown the MOE and MOR which is not meet JAS 2007. The recent study addressed the glulam construction from samama wood combined with two commercial woods to improve the quality of resulting glulam. Mangium (Acacia mangium) and mahogany (Swietenia mahogany) woods were laminated with samama wood using isocyanate adhesive at a spread rate of 200 g m-2 and then clamped with 30 cm gap between the clamp for 3 hours. Nine types of glulam were made with and without a combination of 1 cm lamina from the three types of wood species. The results showed the difference of density between samama glulam with the other types. Furthermore, the moisture content, hot water delamination, cold water delamination, MOE and MOR of the products have met the requirements of JAS 2007 for structural wood. Bonding strengths of most types of glulam have met the standard except for samama and mahogany glulam without the combination. The results of this study strengthened the potency of samama as glulam material for the structural application.Keywords: glulam, mahogany, mangium, samama, structural.

Pengujian Sifat Mekanis Kayu Lulu (Celtis latifolia Planc) pada Dua Kondisi Kadar Air asal Manokwari Papua Barat (Testing for Wood Mechanical properties of Lulu (Celtis latifolia Planc) on Two Moisture Contents Collected from Manokwari Papua Barat) Wahyudi Wahyudi; F A Wospakrik; B B Rettob
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 15, No 1 (2017): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

The mechanical properties of Lulu (Celtis latifolia Planch.), namely MOE, MOR, compression paralell and perpendicular to grain, respectively, tested on two moisture contents condition. Wood sample was collected from Manokwari Papua Barat. Experiments were designed with factorial nested design experiment. Three factorial treatments were axial of tree, pith to bark of tree, and two moisture contents condition, and four replications were employed. The results show that MOE, MOR, compresion parallel to grain were not significantly different among vertical axis of trees, except for compression perpendicular to grain. From bark to pith, all mechanical wood tested were statistically not different. However, air-dried samples tend to produce higher values for all mechanical wood properties tested. According to Indonesian classification grade, lulu wood (Celtis sp) is classified into class I for MOR, and MOE, whereas class II is for compression parallel to grain. Using its specific gravity, this wood is belonging to the class II or heavy wood. The values of compresion parallel to perpendicular grain is 3.29 higher. In addition, this wood species could be used as alternative contruction housing material , mainly indoor contruction and substituent timbers.Keywords: Lulu (Celtis spp), mechanical properties, moisture contents, Papua Barat

Stabilitas Fisikokimia dan Sifat Antipenuaan Kulit Formula Krim Berbahan Aktif Alami (Physicochemical stabilities and Skin Antiaging Properties of Bioaktive-based Cream Formulas) Rita K Sari; Nyoman J Wistara; Deded S Nawawi; Nopen Meisaroh; Ietje Wientarsih; D R Agungpriyono; L N Sutardi; Mawar Subangkit; Vetnizah Juniantito
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 15, No 1 (2017): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

The purpose of this study was to analyze the physicochemical stabilities and in vivo antiaging properties of the cream formulas of F1, F2, and F3 which contained the active compound of 0.1% 0.18, and 0.36%, respectively. The active compound was the combination of ethyl acetate fraction of Toona sinensis, Centella asiatica, and Acacia mangium leaf (1:2:1). For physicochemical stability tests (color, odor, acidity, and antioxidant activity), the creams were stored for 21 days in the refrigerator, room temperature, and extreme temperature (±40 ⁰C). For in vivo antiaging test, the mice skin were smeared with cream and UV irradiated for 15 minutes per day. After two and four weeks, the mice skins were biopsied. The results showed that the physicochemical properties of creams stored in the refrigerator were stable. The storage of creams at room and extreme temperature decreased the physicochemical properties. The application of cream formulas on mice skin after two to four weeks were able to increase the thickness of epidermis, but has not been able to increase the collagen skin of mice.Keywords: Acacia mangium, Centella asiatica, ethyl acetate fraction of leaf, physicochemical and antiaging properties of cream, Toona sinensis

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