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Aquacultura Indonesiana

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Published by Universitas Diponegoro

ISSN : 02160749 EISSN : 24776939 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science,

Earth & Planetary Sciences

Aquacultura Indonesiana (AI) is publishes original and peer-reviewed, English language papers concerned with culture of aquatic plants and animals. Subjects approriate for this journal would include, but not necessarily be limited to, nutrition, diseases, genetics and breeding, physiology, environmental quality, culture system enginering. husbandry practices, and economics and marketing. Fragmentary reports will not be considered for publication; coherent research should be published in a single paper. Preliminary studies, simple case reports, baseline data, parasite host or range extentions, and other such curiosities will not be considered for publication in the journal.

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Articles 83 Documents

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A Tale of Two Urchins - Implications for In-Situ Breeding of the Endangered Banggai Cardinalfish (Pterapogon kauderni) Ndobe, Samliok; Jompa, Jamaluddin; Moore, Abigail
Aquacultura Indonesiana Vol 19, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Indonesian Aquaculture Society (MAI)

The endangered Banggai cardinalfish Pterapogon kauderni, endemic to the Banggai Archipelago in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, is a national and global priority conservation species. To support stock recovery based on in-situ breeding, using the symbiosis between the Banggai cardinalfish and its microhabitat (especially urchins of Genus Diadema), specific research objectives were: (i) identify the Diadema species associated with Banggai cardinalfish in the wild; (ii) investigate Banggai cardinalfish preference between these Diadema species. Belt transect data (5 sites) found wild Banggai cardinalfish of all size classes associated with Diadema setosum and Diadema savignyi. Preference trials were conducted in a controlled environment (concrete tanks) with three replicates. Nine sub-adult Banggai cardinalfish (35-42 mm SL), 12 D. setosum and 12 D. savignyi were placed in each tank. Banggai cardinalfish association (D. savignyi, D. setosum, none) was recorded hourly (06:00-18:00) for three days and results analysed in RStudio-1.0.143. Banggai cardinalfish did not show significant preference for either D. savignyi or D. setosum. These results indicate that D. savignyi and D. setosum can be used impartially in further research on in-situ breeding to facilitate recovery of Banggai cardinalfish stocks. However stock recovery measures should consider genetic connectivity and the natural balance between the two urchin species.

EFFECT OF ROTIFERS (Branchionus plicatilis) REPLACEMENT WITH PREDIGESTED ARTIFICIAL FEED ON SURVIVAL AND LARVAE DEVELOPMENT OF BLUE SWIMMING CRAB (Portunus pelagicus) Sudaryono, Agung; Alik T, Widyawati; Aslamyah, Siti; Fujaya, Yushinta
Aquacultura Indonesiana Vol 16, No 2 (2015): Volume 16 Issue 2 Year 2015
Publisher : Indonesian Aquaculture Society (MAI)

One of the problems faced in blue swimming crab hatchery business is the reliance on the use of natural feed. This research aimed to study the effect of rotifer feed replacement by predigested artificial feed on survival rates, growth rates of the larval stages and to determine the best feeding period of predigest artificial feed 100% to replace rotifers. The study was conducted in May-June 2015 in a household scale hatchery location at Bojo Village, Mallusettasi District, Kabupaten of Barru. There were five replacements of rotifers by predigest artificial feed namely: A. Control (feeding with rotifer up to stadia zoea 4), B (feeding with rotifer up to stadia zoea 3), C (feeding with rotifer up to stadia zoea 2), D (feeding with rotifer only at stadia zoea 1), E (No feeding with rotifer). Predigest artificial feeds were fed for a rearing period of larvae in all treatments. The results showed that the survival of the blue crabs larvae that did not consume rotifers as a feed source were significantly lower than the crab larvae consuming rotifers. The larvae with no feeding rotifer survived only at stadia zoea-2 while those feeding with rotifers survived until zoea-4. The rate of stadia changes did not differ among treatments getting rotifers. Use of predigest artificial feed on crab hatchery can be an alternative to rotifers in the future. Feeding predigest 100% can be started at stadia zoea-2. Key words: blue swimming crab, Portunus pelagicus, larvae, rotifers, predigest artificial feed.

Aquaculture Carrying Capacity and Water Quality In Indonesian Lakes and Reservoirs - A New Project A. Bengtson, David
Aquacultura Indonesiana Vol 15, No 2 (2014): Volume 15 Issue 2 Year 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Aquaculture Society (MAI)

Aquaculture is growing rapidly in Southeast Asia (SEA) and five of the top ten aquaculture producers in the world are countries in SEA. The need to manage aquaculture responsibly is critical. Calculation of aquaculture carrying capacity (ACC) for shared water bodies is necessary for proper management. I review my observations of the needs and capabilities of SEA governments for ACC and then describe a new project in which teams of U.S., U.K. and Indonesian scientists will work on ACC for three Indonesian water bodies – Lake Cirata, Lake Toba and Lake Jatigede.

The Use of Carotene Materials as the Source of Red Color Pigmentation on Leopard Grouper Larvae (Plectropomus leopardus) Kusumawati, Daniar; Setiawati, Ketut Maha
Aquacultura Indonesiana Vol 17, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Indonesian Aquaculture Society (MAI)

Carotenoid is one of nutrition factors which can improve red color pigmentation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the best type of carotene which can increase red pigment performance and to evaluate how long the effect should be retaining in order to maintain red color performance on leopard grouper seeds. This study consisted of 2 experiments; those were the effect of various kinds of carotene materials in feed addition and the effect of the termination of the addition of carotene materials in the feed toward red color performance on leopard grouper seed. The treatments given to the first experiment were the provision of various kinds of carotene materials which were type of A. Haematococcus pluvialis, B. Phaffiarhodozyma, C. Astax Oil, D. Control (without carotene materials) and the treatments to the second experiment are A. Leopard grouper seed – phaffia was still given additional Phaffia rodhozyma, B. Leopard grouper seed – haematococcus was still given additional Haematococcus pluvialis, C. leopard grouper seed (from larvae - phaffia / haematococcus) was terminated from carotene materials addition. The first experiment was applied from larva up to D60 seed and for the second experiment was the follow-up response from the first experiment conducted on D60 seed up to D150. Based on the study result, it indicates that carotene materials of Haematococcus pluvialis type gave the best color performance improvement (P value 4.71 x 10-7 < 0.05). The provision of carotene materials intake decreases color performance both visually and total contain of carotene (P value 5.97 x 10-5< 0.05) (Tabel 1). Carotenenoids should be continuously given as trigger to maintain red color performance on leopard grouper seed. There was protein band in the range of 82.1 – 84.2 kDa which was assumed as protein expression of astaxanthin

Free Radicals Scavenging Activities of Low Molecular Weight Sodium Alginate (LMWSA) from Sargassum polycystum, Produced by Thermal Treatment Yudiati, Ervia; Pringgenies, Delianis; Djunaedi, Ali; Arifin, Zaenal; Sudaryono, Agung
Aquacultura Indonesiana Vol 19, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Indonesian Aquaculture Society (MAI)

In this study, the effects of alginate from Sargassum polycystum molecular reduction by thermal heating on DPPH anti radical scavenging activity were investigated. Raw alginate as the control treatment was heated at 140oC in a laboratory oven for different time courses 1.5, 4.5, and 7.5 hours. The assessment of molecular weight, UV-visible and FT-IR spectroscopic studies were applied. By heat treatment, molecular weight of polymer was decreased in a time-dependent manner, though there is no significant difference between 4.5 h and 7.5 h samples. The UV-visible spectroscopic studies pointed that there was a new absorption band between 250 and 290 nm in alginate heated treatments. The higher antiradical scavenging activity were reached from 1.5 h and 4.5 h treatments (19.83% and 20.07%). Interestingly, the antiradical scavenging activity of the longest heating treatment (7.5 h) was reduced (16.85%), similar to the raw alginate (17.89%). Prolonged heat treatments influenced the antioxidant activity and reduced the ability of donate electrons or hydrogen atoms to inactivate this radical action.

The Intracellular Cryoprotectant Effects in Preserving Goramy Spermatozoa after Two Days Sub-Zero Freezing Abinawanto, Abinawanto; Fitrianingrum, Nisa; Lestari, Retno; Sudaryono, Agung; Rostika, Rita; Fujaya, Yushinta
Aquacultura Indonesiana Vol 16, No 1 (2015): Volume 16 Issue 1 Year 2015
Publisher : Indonesian Aquaculture Society (MAI)

The spermatozoa quality of goramy two days after sub-zero freezing was examined. The quality of spermatozoa examined included motility, viability, and abnormality. We aimed to determine the optimum concentration of glycerol protecting spermatozoa during preservation. We used 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9% of glycerol, respectively. Sperms were diluted by the combination of glycerol and fish ringer (1 part of sperm + 3 part of solvent). The dilute sperms were then equiliberated at 4°C for 45 min, and were freezed at -34°C for two days. Thawing was then carried out at 30°C for 2 min. Based on Dunnet test, 5% of glycerol was the optimum concentration maintaining spermatozoa motility (75.95±4.76)%.Keywords: glycerol; Osphronemus goramy; spermatozoa motility, viability, and abnormality; sub-zero freezing

Analysis of Microsatellite Allele That potential as Resistance Marker of Giant Gouramy (Osphronemus gouramy Lac.) to Aeromonas hydrophila Kusumawardhani, Meirina Kartika; Kusumawaty, Diah; Suhandono, Sony
Aquacultura Indonesiana Vol 15, No 1 (2014): Volume 15 Issue 1 Year 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Aquaculture Society (MAI)

Giant gouramy is one of economical important freshwater fish. However, the production of the fish was declined because of a Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) disease. Giant gouramy with MAS disease caused an ulcer on their skin, and the worst case infection may cause death. The symptoms is vary widely depends on fish resistance to the disease. The aim of this study is to analyze microsatellite alleles that potential as a resistance marker against Aeromonas hydrophila. In previous studies, eleven microsatellite loci were isolated from giant gouramy genome. These loci were tested on DNA from resistant and susceptible giant gouramy that had been treated with Aeromonas hydrophila. Resistant giant gouramy was the gouramy that survived at least 50 days post-infection and ssusceptible giant gouramy was the gouramy that died before 50 days post- infection. Three of eleven microsatellite loci were found with unique alleles that appeared only in resistant giant gouramy and potential as resistance marker, which is the 342 bp allele at GE 1.9 locus with (GCA)10 (ACA) 6 motif, the 262 bp allele at GE 2.4 locus with (GCA) 6 (GGA)10 motif, and the 244 bp allele at GE 1.4 locus with (GCT) 9 (TA) 6 motif. All three loci were used to scan 48 giant gouramy broodstock from Tasikmalaya, Singaparna, and Sukabumi. Amplification of the microsatellite loci was performed by PCR with M13 tail sequence in forward primer and fluorescence dye. Successfully amplified alleles were analyzed with GeneAlEx 6.5 software. As a result, fragment 262 bp and 244 bp that contained in 43.75% of 48 gouramy broodstock predicted have a potency as resistance marker to Aeromonas hydrophila. For further study, microsatellite motifs have to be screened in gouramy progeny, because microsatellites are inhereted in Mendelian traits.

Zonal Management: addressing sustainability issues in aquaculture Morales, Ernesto J; Immink, Anton; Pamudi, Pamudi; Thanh, Linh Nguyen; Han, H
Aquacultura Indonesiana Vol 18, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Indonesian Aquaculture Society (MAI)

Aquaculture industries in general face several sustainability issues as the operations still rely on the quality of available water resources. Most aquaculture systems utilize common water resources in the production as well as discharging effluents from the farm; hence water is still considered as the major factor in spreading diseases in an area where aquaculture production is concentrated. Moreover, most input sources (e.g feeds, seeds and chemicals) in most cases are also similar (or shared) among aquaculture producers in the area. The most common recommended best management practices nowadays, including those from the national and commercial aquaculture standards, limit the requirements in addressing management issues that can be controlled within the farm only and that the outside environment (e.g. rivers and coastal areas) in most cases is overlooked. Producers are commonly advised to improve their individual practices in order to achieve higher production and limiting the occurrence of disease within the farm. The Sustainable Fisheries Partnership (SFP) as an organization that promotes sustainable practices in fisheries and farming, recognizing the cumulative impact of aquaculture on receiving water bodies where aquaculture production is pooled and intensified. Due to the minimal (if not lacking) regulations and coordination among producers on the use of water resources and effluent discharge, sourcing inputs, stocking events, reporting of disease outbreak and the use of drugs and chemicals, the fate of aquaculture as a whole is uncertain. This paper introduces the five pillars of zonal management where scientific information (carrying capacity and epidemiology) are critical as well as the laws and regulations in order to develop better management recommendations that would cover an aquaculture zone. Moreover, this paper provides updates on the different approaches applied in aquaculture zones in China, Indonesia and Thailand in pursuit to a more sustainable practice in aquaculture through zonal management. The approach uses a multi-stakeholder strategy where key players of the aquaculture industry play a critical role. The paper highlights that there is no strategy that would fit in all aquaculture zones rather would mainly depend on the status of the industry, hence the level of importance and the role that each stakeholder plays may not be the same in all zones.

Life Cycle of Marine Leech from Cultured Cantik Hybrid Grouper (Ephinephelus sp.) and Their Susceptibility Against Chemicals Murwantoko, Murwantoko; Condro, Sri Laksono; Isnansetyo, Alim; Zafran, Zafran
Aquacultura Indonesiana Vol 18, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Indonesian Aquaculture Society (MAI)

Grouper is an important fish species due to high price both in domestic and international market. Several hybrid groupers have been released and can be accepted by farmers. A major production constraint in grouper culture is mortality due to disease. Leech is an ectoparasite for grouper which may cause significant loss, so that controlling this parasite is important as one of aquaculture management tools. The objectives of this study was to know the life cycle of leech on hybrid grouper and determine the efficacy of chemicals to kill leech under laboratory condition with diffferent dossage and immersing time. Life cycle was observed by reared an adult leech, counted the fecundity and observed the development of eggs until reach adult stages. The efficacy of formalin, albendazole, oxfendazole, levamisole, H2O2, CuSO4, ivermectin, vermizyn and freshwater on several concentration were assessed to kill adult leeches. All chemicals tested (except for freshwater), are dissolved in saline water salinity of 35 ppt at concentrations of 1000, 500, 250, 125 and 62.5 ppm. During 3 days of rearing, the adult leech could deposit of 11 eggs in average, with 600 µm – 800 µm in diameter. Twelve days were needed for the new egg inside the cocoon to hatch and develop into larvae under 24-25 °C at 34 ppt of salinity. It took another 9 days for the leeches larvae to grow reach mature stage. Five chemicals were able to kill leeches (Zeylanicobdela arugamensis), which were fresh water, formalin, levamisol, ivermectin, and CuSO4. Treatment by exposure leech to freshwater for 30 minutes shows effective to kill leech. Treatment with formalin with a dose of 250 ppm was able to kill leech after 1 hour immersion.

Overview on the Development of Aquaculture and Aquafeed Production in Korea Kim, Sung-Sam; Kim, Jeong Dae
Aquacultura Indonesiana Vol 20, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Indonesian Aquaculture Society (MAI)

Total landings of capture and culture fisheries in Korea increased from 1,073,000 metric tons (MT) in 1971 to 3,743,000 MT in 2017 mainly due to the development in marine aquaculture practices. During last four decades, marine aquaculture production in Korea showed around 5-fold increase from 491,000 MT in 1977 to 2,310,000 MT in 2017 recording the value of 2.9 billion USD. Last year, the main production was derived from seaweed (1,755,630 MT), while the aquatic animal production was made from shellfish (428,160 MT), fish (86,400 MT), crustacean (mainly shrimp of 5,100 MT) and others (34,530 MT). Inland aquaculture is based on fish farming with the production of around 25,000 MT. Either trash fish or moist pellet based on the raw fish is still being fed to marine culture fish, which is the main obstacle for developing the farming. In 2017, around 450,000 MT of trash fish with 87,980 MT of extruded pellets were employed to produce 86,399 MT of marine fish.

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