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HAYATI Journal of Biosciences

hayati
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Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor

ISSN : 19783019 EISSN : 20864094 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Earth & Planetary Sciences

HAYATI Journal of Biosciences (HAYATI J Biosci) publishes articles and short communication in tropical bioscience fields such as development, biotechnology, biodiversity and environmental issues. HAYATI J Biosci covers wide range of all life forms topics including virus, microbes, fungi, plants, animal and human. HAYATI J Biosci has been also indexed/registered in Crossref, DOAJ, CABI, EBSCO, Agricola and ProQuest.

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Articles 777 Documents

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Effect of Leaf Litters and Soils on Viability of Entomopathogenic Fungi Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill LISDAR IDWAN SUDIRMAN; YUSMANI PRAYOGO; YUNIMAR YUNIMAR; SEMPURNA GINTING
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 15 No. 3 (2008): September 2008
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Viability of Beauveria bassiana is extremely low due to toxic compounds in soils. This research was aimed to study the effect of four groups of media on viability of B. bassiana Bb-Pb2. The first group was leaf litters of onion, flowering white cabbage, cabbage, and chinese mustard, respectively; the second group was the soils containing decomposed residues of each plant of the first group; the third group was the mixtures of each media of both groups above (1:1), and the fourth group was natural top soil as a control. Each plastic bag filled with one kg of each medium was inoculated with ten ml of B. bassiana conidia (106/ml of concentration) and incubated in open area for 8 weeks. The results showed that all leaf litters of those plants and their compost soils affected the fungal viability. The highest decreasing number of colony was found on onionâ€™s leaf litters, soil containing of decomposed onion, and the mixtures of both media. The treated B. bassiana showed significant reducing abilities of growth, conidia production and conidia germination on PDA media, except the one of control. It is suggested that the Bb-Pb2 isolate might not be effective as bioinsecticide in the soils containing either those leaf litters or composts. Key words: Beauveria bassiana, viability, leaf litters, soils

Secretory Duct Structure and Phytochemistry Compounds of Yellow Latex in Mangosteen Fruit DORLY DORLY; SOEKISMAN TJITROSEMITO; ROEDHY POERWANTO; JULIARNI JULIARNI
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 15 No. 3 (2008): September 2008
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Yellow latex is the main problem in mangosteen agribusiness, because it is one factor lowering the fruit quality. The structure of yellow latex secretory ducts in the flower and fruit as well as in the root, stem and leaf of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) seedling and the qualitative phytochemistry of yellow latex were studied. The ducts were branched, canal-like type. They were found in the exocarp, mesocarp, endocarp, aril of the fruit, flower, stem, and leaf. In the fruit, the biggest diameter of the secretory ducts was found in the endocarp. There were continuous secretory ducts from fruit stalk to the fruit. Ultrastructural observation showed that the ducts surrounded by specific epithelial cells, which were living cells containing dense cytoplasm with plastid, mitochondria and golgi apparatus organelles. The qualitative test indicated that the yellow latex collected from stem bark, outer part of fruit, young fruit pericarp, mature aril and young aril contained terpenoid, flavonoid and tannin, but not alkaloid, saponin and steroid, except in the young aril containing the steroid. Key words: secretory ducts, yellow latex, endocarp, aril, epithelial cells

The Effect of Seaweed Eucheuma cottonii on Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Liver of Hypercholesterolemic Rats TUTIK WRESDIYATI; ANS BUDI HARTANTA; MADE ASTAWAN
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 15 No. 3 (2008): September 2008
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Intracellular antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) was reported decreased in the liver and kidney of hypercholesterolemic rats. This study was conducted to observe the effect of seaweed Eucheuma cottonii powder on the profile of blood cholesterol and the level of SOD in liver tissues of hypercholesterolemic rats by using immunohistochemical technique. Twenty male Wistar rats were used for this study. Those rats were divided into four groups; (i) negative control group (A), (ii) hypercholesterolemia group treated by 5% seaweed powder (B), (iii) hypercholesterolemia group treated by 10% seaweed powder (C), and (iv) Positive control group or hypercholesterolemia group (D). The experiment was carried out for 35 days. Hypercholesterolemia condition (> 130 mg/dl), except group A, was achieved by feeding the rats with commercial diet containing 1% cholesterol. Drinking water was given ad libitum for 40 days. The results showed that seaweed powder decreased the total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride, and increased the level of high density lipoprotein (HDL) and SOD status in the liver tissues of hypercholesterolemic rats. The treatment of 10% seaweed powder gave better results than that of 5%. These results suggested that dietary fiber such in the seaweed powder has antioxidant activity. Key words: superoxide dismutase (SOD), seaweed-Eucheuma cottonii, hypercholesterolemia, liver, immunohistochemistry

Moth Diversity at Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park, West Java HARI SUTRISNO
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 15 No. 3 (2008): September 2008
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

A study on moth fauna with focus on macro-moths was conducted at Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park from January to December 2007. The aims of the study were to acquire information of macro-moth diversity and to access the composition of the species at this area. Another objective of the research was to explore undescribed species of moths that inhabit this park. The result showed that a year collecting time with four sampling sites recorded only about 86% of estimated value in this park (846 of 983 species). Index diversity based on Fisheries ? is high. In addition, the number of families recorded from this park is also high, 29 families, or about half of the moth families that occur in Indo-Malayan region. Citiis site was the highest among other sites in term of the diversity index, while Gunung Botol is the lowest. These two sites have a few species in common. In general, Geometridae, Noctuidae, and Pyralidae dominate across all sites. The other significant finding of the research is that Dudgeonidae that has never been recorded from Indonesia was found at Citiis site. Key words: diversity, macro-moths, similarity

The Presence of Tobacco Mosaic Virus in the Compost Extract of Cigar Tobacco Debris WIWIEK SRI WAHYUNI; MUHAMMAD HANAPI; IGNASIUS HARTANA
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 15 No. 3 (2008): September 2008
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is resistance to high temperature and able to survive over 10 years on dried leaves, and plant debris is considered as source of inoculums of TMV in the field. In order to inactivate TMV, TMV-infected cigar tobacco debris was composted at starting temperature of 50 ÂºC for two to three days; however, TMV was still infective in the extract compost. If a half leaf cigar tobacco 'H877' was inoculated with compost extract, the symptoms appeared as a necrotic local lesion (NLL) and did not develop systemic lesions. The dilution end point of TMV in extract compost was 10-3. The number of lesion was higher in the glasshouse with average daylight temperature of 32 ÂºC than in the field with average daylight temperature of 29-30 ÂºC. The number NLL was lower and NLL size seemed to be smaller on the first and second inoculated leaves with extract than that of on the first and second inoculated leaves with TMV inoculums. There was a delay of time about 58-106 hours after inoculation of NLL from extract compost inoculums to appear than those of from TMV inoculums. These could be happened because of mineral nutrients of compost and also the temperature of maintaining tobacco plant which inhibited the infections, and of a thermal composting process which destroyed some TMV particles, particularly degraded itâ€™s coat protein. Key words: TMV, extract water compost, cigar tobacco debris

Tolerance Levels of Roadside Trees to Air Pollutants Based on Relative Growth Rate and Air Pollution Tolerance Index SULISTIJORINI RINI; ZAINAL ALIM MASUD; NIZAR NASRULLAH; AHMAD BEY; SOEKISMAN TJITROSEMITO
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 15 No. 3 (2008): September 2008
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Motor vehicles release carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide, and particulate matters to the air as pollutants. Vegetation can absorb these pollutants through gas exchange processes. The objective of this study was to examine the combination of the relative growth rate (RGR) and physiological responses in determining tolerance levels of plant species to air pollutants. Physiological responses were calculated as air pollution tolerance index (APTI). Eight roadside tree species were placed at polluted (Jagorawi highway) and unpolluted (Sindangbarang field) area. Growth and physiological parameters of the trees were recorded, including plant height, leaf area, total ascorbate, total chlorophyll, leaf-extract pH, and relative water content. Scoring criteria for the combination of RGR and APTI method was given based on means of the two areas based on two-sample t test. Based on the total score of RGR and APTI, Lagerstroemia speciosa was categorized as a tolerant species; and Pterocarpus indicus, Delonix regia, Swietenia macrophylla were categorized as moderately tolerant species. Gmelina arborea, Cinnamomum burmanii, and Mimusops elengi were categorized as intermediate tolerant species. Lagerstroemia speciosa could be potentially used as roadside tree. The combination of RGR and APTI value was better to determinate tolerance level of plant to air pollutant than merely APTI method. Key words: air pollutants, tolerance of roadside trees, relative growth rate, physiological responses, air pollution tolerance index

Cuscus (Phalangeridae) Hunting by Biak Ethnic Group in Surrounding North Biak Strict Nature Reserve, Papua FREDDY PATTISELANNO; JOHAN FREDRIK KOIBUR
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 15 No. 3 (2008): September 2008
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Study on cuscus hunting as a form of wildlife utilization by Biak ethnic group surrounding the North Biak Strict Nature Reserce (CABU) was carried out through direct observation and interview with hunter respondents and other key respondents among four villages that purposively chosen i.e. Inswambesi, Kayomi, Wasani, dan Sansundi at the Warsa District of Biak Numfor, Papua. Two species of cuscus occurs in the study site were common cuscus (Phalanger orientalis) and spotted cuscus (Spilocuscus maculatus) and they were observed as hunting target in CABU. Hunting was performed partly as routine activity used various traditional tools (slash blade, trap, spear, and calling cuscus) and modern weapon (firearm). Cuscus hunting was done to supply animal protein for households, inspite some hunting results raised for consumption and market purposes. For one period of hunting 3-4 cuscus were caught and it was lower than five years ago. It was indicated that the population condition was vulnerable on overharvest and at the present time cuscus population tend to decreased. Traditional wisdom of Biak ethnic group should be explored and practiced again as the form of local law in order to manage cuscus hunting for the future cuscus conservation program. Key words: cuscus, hunting, biak ethnic group

Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) Enriched with Zn as Immunostimulator for Vaginal Candidiasis Patient HERY WINARSI; HERNAYANTI HERNAYANTI; AGUS PURWANTO
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 15 No. 4 (2008): December 2008
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Disturbance on the immune system and deficiency of Zn is two factors which often trigger vaginal candidiasis patient. The aim of the research was to study the effect of virgin coconut oil (VCO) enriched with Zn to the amount of neutrophil and lymphocyte subset cells, and the level of IL-2 and IgG in vaginal candidiasis patient. Thirty women were grouped into three (ten women in each group): A, B and C, and intervened for two months. Women in A group were intervened with two tablespoon/day; those in B group were intervened with one tablespoon/day; while those in C group served as control (placebo). Blood was sampled at baseline time, one and two months after intervention. Hematological test by Micros-OT was done on a part of blood, and the plasma was used for IL-2 and IgG level tests using ELISA. The virgin coconut oil enriched with Zn maintained the number of neutrophil and NK cells, but increased Tc cells from 521 to 649 cells/mm3, increased Th cells from 1.090 to 1.380 cells/mm3. The enriched VCO also increase level of IL-2 from 0.25313 to 0.27337 pg/ml, while the IgG level changed from equivocal to negative. The recommended dosage was one tablespoon each day. Key words: IL-2, IgG, neutrophil, NK, Th and Tc-cells, VCO, Zn

Activity of Ligninolytic Enzymes during Growth and Fruiting Body Development of White Rot Fungi Omphalina sp. and Pleurotus ostreatus HAPPY WIDIASTUTI; SUHARYANTO SUHARYANTO; AGUSTINA WULANINGTYAS; SUTAMIHARDJA SUTAMIHARDJA
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 15 No. 4 (2008): December 2008
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

The activity of ligninolytic enzymes of white rot fungi (WRF) Omphalina sp. and Pleurotus ostreatus was observed during somatic and fruiting body development in solid substrate fermentation using empty fruit bunches of oil palm (EFB). The enzyme activity was dominated by laccase both of Omphalina sp. and P. ostreatus. The laccase activity on somatic phase (mycelium growth) was higher compared to that of fruiting body formation phase. The laccase activity of Omphalina sp. was slightly higher compared to that of P. ostreatus. The peak activity of manganese peroxidase (MnP) for Omphalina sp. was observed two weeks after inoculation, while P. ostreatus had two peaks i.e. two and four weeks after inoculation period. The MnP activity of P. ostreatus was higher compared to that of Omphalina sp. Omphalina sp. growth in EFB did not secrete lignin peroxidase (LiP) in contrast to P. ostreatus. The peak of LiP activity of P. ostreatus was reached two and four weeks after inoculation. The MnP and LiP activities declined during the development of fruiting bodies while laccase increased both in Omphalina sp. and P. ostreatus. It seems that the activities of ligninolytic enzyme profile were regulated in line with developmental phase of growth both in Omphalina sp. and P. ostreatus. Key words: ligninolytic enzyme activity, Omphalina sp., Pleurotus ostreatus, empty fruit bunches of oil palm

Molecular Characterization of Indonesian Indigenous Chickens based on Mitochondrial DNA Displacement (D)-loop Sequences SRI SULANDARI; MOCH SYAMSUL ARIFIN ZEIN; TIKE SARTIKA
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 15 No. 4 (2008): December 2008
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

The Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) displacement (D)-loop sequences were used to study the genetic diversity and relationship of Indonesian indigenous chickens. A total of 483 individuals belonging to 15 population breeds and 43 individuals belonging to 6 populations of jungle fowl (2 populations of Gallus gallus and 4 populations of Gallus varius) were sampled. The hypervariable I (HVI) segment of the D-loop was PCR amplified and subsequently sequenced. The sequences of the first 397 nucleotides were used for analysis. Sixty nine haplotypes were identified from 54 polymorphic sites with polymorphism between nucleotides 167 and 397 contributing to 94.5% of the sequence variation. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that Indonesian indigenous chickens can be grouped into five distinct clades (clade I, II, IIIc, IIId, and IV) of the previously identified seven clades (clade I, II, IIIa, IIIb, IIIc, IIId, and IV) in Asian indigenous chickens. Fifty haplotypes belong to clade II, seven haplotypes are in clade IV, six are in clade IIId, three are in clade I and one haploype is in clade IIIc. There was no breed-specific clade. Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) based on partial D-loop sequences of Indonesian chicken indicates that 67.85% of the total sequence variation between haplotypes was present within the population and 32.15% between populations. One of the haplotypes (represented by PLC4) was shared by all populations, suggesting that these populations may share the same maternal ancestor. These results show a high mitochondrial D-loop diversity and indicate multiple maternal origins for Indonesian indigenous chickens. Key words: Indonesian indigenous chicken, mitochondrial DNA, D-loop, haplotype, phylogenetic analysis and clade

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