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Karakterisasi Isolat Rhizoctonia sp. Patogenik dan Rhizoctonia Mikoriza Pada Tanaman Anggrek Tanah Spathoglottis plicata Soelistijono, Soelistijono; Priyatmojo, Achmadi; Semiarti, Endang; Sumardiyono, Christanti
Biota : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati Vol 16, No 2 (2011): June 2011
Publisher : Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta

Rhizoctonia mikoriza merupakan jamur yang mampu berasosiasi dengan anggrek tanah. Selain sebagai mikoriza, terdapat isolat Rhizoctonia sp. patogen dan penyebab penyakit busuk akar pada Spathoglottis plicata. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perbedaan antara Rhizoctonia sp. patogen dan Rhizoctonia mikoriza secara morfologi dan molekular menggunakan teknik RAPD. Hasil penelitian secara morfologi menunjukkan bahwa warna koloni, panjang dan jumlah inti sel isolat Rhizoctonia sp. patogen dan Rhizoctonia mikoriza pada S. plicata tidak berbeda, tetapi berbeda pada ketebalan sel dan pengelompokan isolat berdasarkan uji anastomosis hifa. Teknik molekuler RAPD menunjukkan bahwa setiap isolat Rhizoctonia sp. patogen dan Rhizoctonia mikoriza memiliki perbedaan pada struktur DNA.

Masa Inkubasi Gejala Penyakit Hawar Daun Tanaman Kentang yang Diinduksi Ketahanannya oleh Jamur Antagonis Trichoderma viride Purwantisari, Susiana; Priyatmojo, Achmadi; Sancayaningsih, Retno Peni; Kasiamdari, Rina Sri
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 18, No.1, Tahun 2016
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Late blight disease caused by Phytophthora infestans, is probably the single most important disease of potatoes worldwide. Infected plants were quickly killed and were difficult for replanting, causing significant losses for the growers. Various control methods were examined including the use of biocontrol agents of Trichoderma spp.Â The biocontrol potential of Trichoderma viride against potato late blight pathogen, Phytophthora infestans, were studiedÂ under greenhouse conditions. The research objective was to determine the ability of biocontrol agents Trichoderma viride to delay late blight disease incidence on potato plants in the field. The in vivo experiment was carried out at potato land area located at BALITSA in Cikole Sub District, Lembang District and Bandung Regency. Completely Randomized Design was used with six treatment and five replicates. The treatment tested consist of control (without pathogen fungal and antagonists fungus application too), control (with pathogen fungal application and without antagonist fungal application), chemical fungicide application, antagonist fungal application 2 weeks before planting, application 1 week after planting and both application 2 weeks before and 1 week after planting. Result of the research showed that application of antagonists fungal could delay disease intensity until 14 days. These antagonist could be used as biological agents initials to control leaf blight disease.Â Key words: Biological control, Potato late blight, Phytophthora infestans, Trichoderma viride

Identifikasi Cendawan Penyebab Penyakit Pascapanen pada Beberapa Buah di Yogyakarta Ani Widiastuti; Ovianne Hapsari Ningtyas; Achmadi Priyatmojo
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 11 No 3 (2015)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

In Indonesia, high yield losses due to post-harvest diseases are often difficult to measure because research focusing on such matter are still limited. This study aimed to determine the genera of fungi that cause rot on postharvest fruit, which can be used as a basis to determine the important pathogens in the current post-harvest commodities and for further disease management. The method used is sample collection, single spore isolation, microscopic observation and identification of fungal genera. Colletotrichum sp. was sucessfuly isolated from antrachnose of papaya. Pestalotia sp. was found in the fruit rot of avocado and star fruit. Lasiodiplodia sp. was found in mango, while Pestalotia sp. and Lasiodiplodia sp. was found in both sapodilla and banana. Alternaria sp. was found in the fruit rot of pears and apples. Aspergillus sp. was found in grapes, and Fusarium sp. was isolated from pineapple fruit rot.

Penapisan Cendawan Trichoderma spp. untuk Pengendalian Phytophthora infestans secara in vitro Susiana Purwantisari; Achmadi Priyatmojo; Retno Peni Sancayaningsih; Rina Sri Kasiamdari
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 12 No 3 (2016)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Late blight disease on potato caused by a plant pathogenic fungus (Phytophthora infestans) is the most important disease in Indonesia. The use of antagonist fungi Trichoderma is an environmentally friendly technology to control the potato disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of Trichoderma spp. to control P. infestans in vitro. Trichoderma spp. have been isolated from suppressive soil at central potato areas in district of Lembang, Bandung, West Java Province. To determine the inhibition ability of Trichoderma spp against P. infestans, a dual culture method was performed. Variable observed was inhibition zone of Trichoderma spp. against P. infestans. The results showed that 9 isolates of Trichoderma were successfuly isolated from suppressive soil, i.e. T. viride (2 isolates), T. atroviride (1 isolate), T. harzianum (1 isolate) and T. aureoviride (5 isolates). All the Trichoderma isolates revealed growth inhibition abality against P. infestans and. The highest growth inhibition (68.6%) was observed by T. viride isolate ( Ti 9).

Penyakit Busuk Akar dan Pangkal Batang Tebu di Sumatera Selatan Tri Maryono; Ani Widiastuti; Achmadi Priyatmojo
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 13 No 2 (2017)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Root and basal stem rot disease caused by Xylaria sp. is a new diseases in Indonesian sugarcane plantation. The disease has been reported only occurred in sugarcane plantations in Sumatera. Limited information about the disease has slowed down disease diagnosis in the field. The research was aimed to describe symptoms, signs, and spatial distribution of the disease caused by Xylaria. A survey was conducted at a sugarcane plantation in South Sumatera (3° 26’ 16.6” S dan 104°40’ 09.8” E). Typical symptoms of the disease involved drying of all leaves and plant death, dry rot of root and basal stem, and retarded growth of ratoon cane were recorded. Stroma was found on surface of diseased stems and on soil surface of diseased plants, and spatial aggregation of diseased plants was observed in all locations. The distribution of the diseased plant aggregately and the presence of stroma on diseased plants are important characteristics of the disease diagnosis in sugarcane plantations.

Karakteristik morfologi dan sebaran tipe kawin Phytophthora capsici asal lada di Pulau Jawa Bahru Rohmah; Bambang Hadisutrisno; Dyah Manohara; Achmadi Priyatmojo
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 14 No 5 (2018)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Morphology characters and mating types distribution of Phytophthora capsici from black pepper in Java IslandPepper (Piper nigrum) is one of the most important spice crops in Indonesia. Recently its production declining due to infection of foot rot disease caused by Phytophthora capsici. This pathogen has two different mating types, namely A1 and A2, in which the presence of opposite two mating types is important for sexual reproduction and formation of oospores. The movement of pepper seedling from one area to another is highly facilitated alteration of mating type distribution map of P. capsici. The objectives of this research were to determine the morphological characteristics and the spread of mating types of P. capsici in Java. Morphology characters of P. capsici isolates were indicated by variation in sporangial size and shape, as well as types of colony appearance. The length (l) and width (w) of sporangium were in the range of 15.1–76.2 µm and 9.8–44.8 µm, respectively; while the l/w ratio was 1.12–2.27. Mating type assay showed that A2 type was more dominantly found than A1 type. This study found two different mating types present in the same area, i.e. Regency of Pacitan (East Java) and Regency of Sleman (Special Region of Yogyakarta). The findings of this research suggested that it is required more strict control strategy on the mobilization of black pepper seedling particularly in the area where the certain mating type is not found yet so that the emergence of new more virulent genotype of pathogen can be prevented.

Diversity of Rhizoctonia solani Isolates of Rice Varieties of Ciherang, IR 64, Mekongga, and Situ Bagendit Arina Manasikana; Sri Sulandari; Achmadi Priyatmojo
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 17 No 4 (2021)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14692/jfi.17.4.141-150

Padi (Oryza sativa) termasuk ke dalam komoditas penting di Indonesia. Salah satu penyakit penting pada tanaman padi ialah penyakit hawar pelepah yang disebabkan oleh Rhizoctonia solani. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui karakteristik dan kelompok anastomosis R. solani yang diisolasi dari tanaman padi varietas Ciherang, IR 64, Mekongga, dan Situ Bagendit; dan mengetahui keragaman genetiknya menggunakan primer universal, dan tingkat kekerabatannya. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Oktober 2019 hingga Juli 2020 di Laboratorium Teknologi Pengendalian UGM. Pengambilan sampel dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Pandak, Bantul yang selanjutnya dilakukan isolasi dan pemurnian cendawan Rhizoctonia menggunakan medium agar-agar dekstrosa kentang. Isolat R. solani diklasifikasikan berdasarkan keragaman kultur, keragaman morfologi, jumlah inti sel, kemampuan anastomosis (AG), dan keragaman genetik. Analisis keragaman genetik dilakukan dengan PCR menggunakan primer universal ITS1 dan ITS4. Berdasarkan pengamatan keragaman kultur dan keragaman morfologi diperoleh hasil yang bervariasi. Hasil pengamatan jumlah inti sel pada keseluruhan isolat berkisar antara 5 hingga 7 inti pada sel yang termasuk dalam kategori multinukleat. Pengamatan kelompok anastomosis (AG) pada 13 isolat yang digunakan masuk ke dalam kategori C3 (anastomosis sempurna). Analisis PCR diperoleh pita DNA dengan hasil sesuai target yaitu 600–750 pb. Hasil secara sikuensing diketahui bahwa 12 isolat R. solani menunjukkan kekerabatan yang tinggi dengan isolat AG-1 IA, kecuali pada isolat CH 3.

Karakterisasi Isolat Rhizoctonia sp. Patogenik dan Rhizoctonia Mikoriza Pada Tanaman Anggrek Tanah Spathoglottis plicata Soelistijono Soelistijono; Achmadi Priyatmojo; Endang Semiarti; Christanti Sumardiyono
Biota : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati Vol 16, No 2 (2011): June 2011
Publisher : Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24002/biota.v16i2.121

Rhizoctonia mikoriza merupakan jamur yang mampu berasosiasi dengan anggrek tanah. Selain sebagai mikoriza, terdapat isolat Rhizoctonia sp. patogen dan penyebab penyakit busuk akar pada Spathoglottis plicata. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perbedaan antara Rhizoctonia sp. patogen dan Rhizoctonia mikoriza secara morfologi dan molekular menggunakan teknik RAPD. Hasil penelitian secara morfologi menunjukkan bahwa warna koloni, panjang dan jumlah inti sel isolat Rhizoctonia sp. patogen dan Rhizoctonia mikoriza pada S. plicata tidak berbeda, tetapi berbeda pada ketebalan sel dan pengelompokan isolat berdasarkan uji anastomosis hifa. Teknik molekuler RAPD menunjukkan bahwa setiap isolat Rhizoctonia sp. patogen dan Rhizoctonia mikoriza memiliki perbedaan pada struktur DNA.

Isolation, Identification and the Abilities of Fungi Associated with Agarwood from Bangka Belitung Island to Induce Agarwood Compounds Hartono Hartono; Arif Wibowo; Achmadi Priyatmojo
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 23, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.31623

Agarwood is one of the non-timber forest products that have high economic value. Agarwood is widely used to make incense, perfume and other products. Sapwood on agarwood is a group of secondary metabolites of agarwood plants that form a lump and have a certain color and aroma. The fragrant aroma of sapwood on agarwood is formed due to pathogenic infection of the agarwood tree. Until now, most studies of fungi forming sapwood are only oriented to virulent pathogenic fungi in nature and have never been reported to form hypovirulent agarwood. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of fungi originating from sapwood on agarwood especially those that are hypovirulent in inducing sesquiterpene compounds. This study included exploration, isolation, identification, and induction of fungi associated with sapwood on agarwood from four districts in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province. Hypovirulence test in cucumber sprouts and sesquiterpene induction test on agarwood plantlets was conducted in the laboratory. Based on the isolation results, 48 fungal isolates associated with sapwood on agarwood were found: fungi of genus Fusarium, Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Curvularia, Peniophora, and six isolates were unidentified. Based on the hypovirulence test on cucumber sprouts, 46 isolates of the fungus 46 isolates were virulent and 2 isolates were hypovirulent (isolates 4A and 17A). The induction of sesquiterpene compounds on the agarwood plant was employed using 5 sample isolates consisting of 4 virulent isolates (2A, 7A, 18A, and 25A) and 1 hypovirulent isolate (Isolate 4A). The results showed that hypovirulent isolates were able to produce sesquiterpenes even in small amounts compared with virulent isolates. Isolates produced many sesquiterpene compounds were isolates 18A (Fusarium sp.). Sesquiterpene compounds formed were pinene, terpineol, patchouli alcohol, trimethyl-naphthalene, beta-caryophyllene, camphor, eugenol, trimethyl- benzene, phenanthrene, citronella, eucalyptol, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone. In this study also found fungi associated with sapwood on agarwood which had never been reported by previous researchers, Peniophora sp. (isolate 25A).

KARAKTERISASI ISOLAT RHIZOCTONIA MIKORIZA PADA ANGGREK PHALAENOPSIS AMABILIS Soelistijono Soelistijono; DWI SISILO UTAMI; Achmadi Priyatmojo
JURNAL ILMIAH AGRINECA Vol. 12 No. 2 (2012): AGRINEÃ‡A
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Tunas Pembangunan Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36728/afp.v12i2.180

Mycorrhizal Rhizoctonia is a fungus that capable to associate with Phalaenopsis amabilis orchid. This study was aimed to characteristic mycorrhizal Rhizoctonia that associated with P. amabilis orchid in morphology. The results showed that colony colour, cell lenght and nucleus number a several isolates of mycorrhizal Rhizoctonia on P. amabilis had no differences, but had differences on cell thickness and isolate grouping based on hyphal anastomosis test

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