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Budiawati Supangkat
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Etnoekologi, Biodiversitas Padi dan Modernisasi Budidaya Padi: Studi Kasus Pada Masyarakat Baduy dan Kampung Naga Johan Iskandar; Budiawati Supangkat Iskandar
Jurnal Biodjati Vol 3, No 1 (2018): May
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/biodjati.v3i1.2344

Abstract

Program Revolusi Hijau di Indonesia mulai digulirkan di akhir 1960-an. Program ini telah memberikan dampak positif dan negatif. Dampak positif di antaranya dapat meningkatkan poduktivitas padi sawah secara makro. Sementara itu, dampak ngatifnya diantara telah menyebabkan kepunahan anekaram varietas padi lokal secara masif. Oleh karena itu, kajian tentang kepunahan anekaragam padi lokal di berbagai kawasan perdesaan di Jawa Barat dan Banten sangat penting untuk diteliti. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengkaji  pengetahuan masyarakat perdesaan tentang ekologi, terutama  kaitannya dengan pengeloaan keanekaragaman varietas padi lokal dan perubahannya dampak Revolusi Hijau, berlandaskan   dari studi kasus pada masyarakat Baduy, Desa Kanekes, Kabupaten Lebak, Banten Selatan dan masyarakat Kampung Naga, Tasikmalaya, Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metoda kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan etnoekologi, yaitu peneliti mempelajari pengetahuan penduduk perdesaan tentang berbagai aspek ekologi dalam kaitannya dengan pengeloaan padi lokal. Teknik pengumpulan data lapangan dilakukan dengan observasi dan wawancara mendalam terhadap informan yang kompeten yang dipilih secara’ purposive’. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sejatinya para petani ‘huma’ Baduy dan petani sawah Kampung Naga memiliki peran penting dalam mengkonservasi anekaragam varietas padi lokal secara in-situ. Namun, akibat program Revolusi Hijau, beberapa varietas padi lokal sawah penduduk Kampung Naga mengalami kepunahan. Sementara itu, kepunahan anekaragam varietas padi lokal di ‘huma’ Baduy tidak terdokumentasikan. Mengingat penduduk Baduy tidak menerima program Revolusi Hijau. Kepunahan keanekaragam varietas padi lokal dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor, seperti kebijakan pemerintah, perubahan ekosistem, dan akibat perubahan sistem sosial ekonomi dan budaya masyarakat. Penelitian ini dapat memiliki kontribusi penting untuk ilmu pengetahuan dan kepentingan praktis. Berdasarkan kepentingan ilmu pengetahuan yaitu dapat bermanfaat untuk pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, khususnya dalam bidang etnoekologi dan etnobotani. Sementara itu, untuk kepentingan praktis, diharapkan hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan untuk dijadikan masukan  bagi berbagai pihak terkait, guna upaya konservasi anekaragam padi di Indonesia.   
Kearifan Ekologi Orang Baduy dalam Konservasi Padi dengan "Sistem Leuit" Johan iskandar; Budiawati Supangkat Iskandar
Jurnal Biodjati Vol 2, No 1 (2017): May
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/biodjati.v2i1.1289

Abstract

ABSTRAKDitilik dari sejarah ekologi, di masa silam sebelum ada program moderniasi usaha tani sawah melalui program Revolusi Hijau, para petani sawah di Jawa Barat dan Banten guyub menyimpan padi hasil panen padi di lumbung (leuit). Kini sistem lumbung padi tersebut hampir punah di Jawa Barat dan Banten. Namun masyarakat Baduy yang bermukim di Desa Kanekes, Kecamatan Leuwidamar, Kabupaten Lebak, Banten Selatan, kebiasaan menyimpan padi pada sistem leuit masih kokoh dipertahankan secara lekat budaya dan berkelanjutan. Paper ini mendiskusikan tentang kearifan ekologi Orang Baduy dalam mengkonservasi padi dengan  sistem leuit. Metoda penelitian menggunakan kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnoekologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Orang Baduy memiliki kearifan ekologi, seperti mampu menyimpan padi ladang hasil panen mereka pada lumbung padi (leuit) secara  tahan lama dalam kurun waktu hingga puluhan tahun. Padi ladang utamanya hanya digunakan untuk memenuhi berbagai upacara adat dalam kegiatan berladang dan untuk dikonsumsi sehari-hari, terutama apabila Orang Baduy tidak memiliki cukup uang untuk membeli beras sawah dari warung. Maka, seyogianya kearifan ekologi Orang Baduy ini dapat dipadukan dengan pengetahuan ilmiah Barat, guna dimanfaatkan dalam progam pemangunan keamanan dan ketahanan pangan secara berkelanjutan berbasis pemberdayan masyarat di Indonesia.
Etnoekologi dan Pengelolaan Agroekosistem oleh Penduduk Desa Karangwangi Kecamatan Cidaun, Cianjur Selatan Jawa Barat Johan Iskandar; Budiawati SUpangkat Iskandar
Jurnal Biodjati Vol 1, No 1 (2016): November
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/biodjati.v1i1.1035

Abstract

Abstrak. Sejatinya di masa silam, penduduk pedesaan di Jawa Barat, termasuk penduduk di Desa Karangwangi, Kecamatan Cidaun, Kabupaten Cianjur, Jawa Barat dominan menggarap sistem ladang (sistem huma). Namun, sejalan dengan kian padatnya penduduk, makin berkurangnya kawasan hutan, dan berkembangnya ekonomi pasar di pedesaan, maka, sistem huma berubah menjadi beberapa tipe sistem agroforestri tradisional, seperti kebon kayu-kayuan (kebon kai), kebon campuran kayu-kayuan dan buah-buahan (talun) dan sistem pekarangan (buruan). Selain itu, dengan adanya program Revolusi Hijau pada sistem sawah dan introduksi albasiah/jengjen (Paraserinthes falcataria (L) I Nielsen) pada sistem tegalan dan agroforestri tradisional, seperti kebon kai. Konsekuensinya,  sistem sawah dan sistem huma mengalami perubahan secara drastis. Paper ini mendisuksikan tentang perkembangan beberapa tipe agroekosistem dari sistem huma, dengan berbagai perubahannya. Metoda penelitian menggunakan kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnoekologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil studi telah memberikan berbagai informasi untuk lebih memahami perilaku penduduk pedesaan dalam mengelola berbagai tipe agroekosistem di desanya. Dalam kaitannya dengan pembangunan, seyogianya berbagai pengetahuan ekologi lokal penduduk yang positif dan kearifan ekologi penduduk tidak diabaikan atau bahkan dicoba untuk dimusnahkan, namun dapat diintegrasikan dengan pengetahuan ilmiah barat untuk dapat digunakan untuk pembangunan sistem pertanian di Indonesia yang berkelanjutan.  Kata kunci: sistem huma, agroforestri tradisional, agroekosistem, revolusi hijau. Abstract. Originally in the past, village people of West Java, including people of Village of Karangwangi, Sub-district of Cidaun, District of Cianjur and Province of West Java predominated practicing the swidden farming system (sistem huma). However, due to increasing human population density, decreasing the forest area, and rapid development of market economy in the village, the  huma system have changed to  several types of the traditional agroforestry systems, such as the tree garden system (kebon kai), mixed-garden system of wood and fruits (talun), and home garden (buruan). In addition, because of introduction of the green revolution in the sawah systems and the introduction of albasiah/jengjen (Paraserianthes falcataria (L) I Nielsen) in the traditional agroforestry systems, such as kebon kai. As a result, those agroecosystem types have dramatically changed.  This paper discusses the development of the traditional agroforestry systems which is developed from the huma system. Method used in this study qualitative with the ethnoecology approach. The resulted of study show that it has provided rich information which is very useful to more understand the village people behavior in managing various type of agroecosystem in their village. With regard to development process, we suggest various positive  local knowledges and ecological wisdoms, rather than ignoring or attempting to replace them, it may be useful to be integrated with the scientific knowledge to use in supporting the sustainable agriculture in Indonesia. Keywords: swidden system, agroforestry traditional, agroecosystem, green revolution
The Effect of The Partial Solar Eclipse on Behavior of Three Species of Ardeidae In Rancabayawak Bandung Johan Iskandar; Budiawati Supangkat Iskandar
Jurnal Biodjati Vol 5, No 2 (2020): November
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/biodjati.v5i2.4578

Abstract

The natural occurrence of solar eclipses can cause various impact on bird species. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the partial solar eclipses on changes in behavior of three species of Ardeidae in the Rancabayawak, Gedebage, Bandung, West Java. The research method used was qualitative which direct observation sampling technique was applied.  The results of study showed that three bird species of Ardeidae namely Javan Pond-Heron (Ardeola speciosa Horsfield 1821), Buffalo Egret (Bubulcus ibis Linnaeus 1758, and small egrets (Egretta garzetta Linnaeus 1766) with total population 566 individuals were recorded in the resting and breeding place of bamboo trees and surrounding area of Rancabayawak during the partial solar eclipse.The behavior of these tree bird species, including sound of chicks, sunbathing, preening the feather, and flying of individual adults went out the resting and breeding place of bamboo trees observed tend to be normal before occurring the partial solar eclipse. During the partial solar eclipse, however, the sound of the chick stopped for a second. Some individual adult birds stopped involve in preening their feather. While, some adult individual birds were flying go back to the nest of bamboo trees that may be assumed it has already late afternoon due to dark of sun shine. Implication of this research have been considered to be very important for contributing the scientific knowledge on bird behavior changes caused by natural phenomena of the partial solar eclipse. 
ETNOZOLOGI PENGETAHUAN LOKAL MASYARAKAT PALINTANG, DESA PANJALU, KECAMATAN CILENGKRANG, KABUPATEN BANDUNG TENTANG PERBURUAN BAGONG DAN MONYET SEBAGAI HAMA PERTANIAN Agge Ibrati Shabrina Suhanda; Budiawati Supangkat Iskandar; Johan Iskandar
BIOTIKA Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol 18, No 2 (2020): BIOTIKA DESEMBER 2020
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/biotika.v18i2.28666

Abstract

Perburuan satwa liar merupakan suatu tradisi kegiatan masyarakat yang telah lama dilakukan oleh berbagai etnik di Indonesia. Penduduk Palintang, Bandung, biasa melakukan perburuan satwa liar terhadap bagong dan monyet yang dianggap sebagai binatang hama pertanian, karena merusak tanaman di kebun mereka. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji pengetahuan penduduk Palintang mengenai bagong dan monyet sebagai hama, kebiasaan dan teknik untuk berburu binatang hama, dan fungsi sosial berburu. Metoda penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metoda kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnozoologi, dengan teknik pengumpulan data lapangan dengan observasi dan wawancara semi-struktur dengan para informan. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa penduduk Palintang, Bandung, memiliki pengetahuan tentang jenis-jenis binatang hama, bagong dan monyet, jenis-jenis pakan hama di kebun, sebaran binatang hama, teknik-teknik untuk berburu binatang hama, dan fungsi berburu binatang hama bagi sosial budaya penduduk. Hasil penelitian ini penting secara ilmiah yaitu untuk pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, khususnya etnozologi, dan juga berguna secara praktis untuk memamahi penduduk dalam berburu binatang hama, yang dapat dijadikan masukan bagi para pengambil kebijakan untuk pengeolaan hama pertanian.
SIKLUS HIDUP KUPU-KUPU Euploea mulciber (CRAMER, 1777) Nurullia Fitriani; Muhamad Azahar Bin Abas; Budiawati Supangkat; Wawan Hermawan; Johan Iskandar
BIOTIKA Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol 19, No 1 (2021): BIOTIKA JUNI 2021
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/biotika.v19i1.32583

Abstract

Kupu-kupu merupakan serangga yang mengalami metamorphosis sempurna dengan siklus hidup terdiri dari telur, ulat,pupa dan dewasa. Salah satu kupu-kupu yang banyak ditemukan di Indonesia adalah Euploea mulciber dari Family Nympalidae. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan lamanya siklus hidup kupu-kupu Euploea mulciber dari telur hingga menjadi dewasa. Metode penelitian adalah survey dan observasi dengan lokasi penelitian di wilayah pemukiman Kota Bandung. Survey dilakukan untuk mencari dan mengamati kupu-kupu yang meletakkan telurnya pada tumbuhan inang. Sedangkan observasi dilakukan untuk mengamati siklus hidup kupu-kupu (karakter morfologi dan lama siklus hidupnya). Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif. Pada saat survey ditemukan tiga kupu-kupu dewasa yang baru meletakkan telurnya. Telur ini, diletakkan oleh kupu-kupu pada bagian batang dan daun bagian bawah dari tumbuhan oleander (Nerium Oleander L.). Telur ini kemudian diambil dan dipelihara dalam kandang percobaan yang memiliki ratarata intensitas cahaya sekitar 26,321 Lux dan rata-rata suhu sekitar 27ᵒC. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui lamanya siklus hidup Euploea mulciber dari telur sampai menjadi dewasa adalah 25 - 27 hari dengan lama fase telur adalah 4 hari, lama fase ulat selama 15 – 16 hari dan fase pupa membutuhkan waktu selama 6-7 hari.
COFFEE AND IDENTITY: Consume Coffee, Build Identity, Maintain Variety on Palintang Community West Java Rahman Latif Alfian; Budiawati Supangkat; Johan Iskandar
Sosiohumaniora Vol 22, No 1 (2020): SOSIOHUMANIORA, MARCH 2020
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (4004.028 KB) | DOI: 10.24198/sosiohumaniora.v22i1.24424

Abstract

This article discusses the Palintang coffee and its social, cultural and ecological impacts on the people of the Palintang Hamlet. Palintang hamlet is located in directly adjacent to the forest under the management of the State Forestry Corporation (Perhutani). Last fifteen years, the government began to intensify the cultivation of coffee plant in the Palintang hamlet. Palintang hamlet is located approximately 1,400 above sea level. As a result, coffee of Arabica plant (Coffeea arabica L) grows well in the area. The purpose of this article is to elucidate at the impact of coffee on the social identity of the Palintang community. The method used in this study was ethnographic approach which aims to reveal meaning from the point of view which of cultural stakeholders. Some field research techniques, namely observation, deep interviews, and participant observation were applied in this study. The results of this study showed that the coffee cultivation in Palintang hamlet has been an important impact not only an economic, but also social and ecological aspects of the Palintang community. The community always highlight the distinctive characteristics of the Palintang coffee, even some people claim that Palintang coffee has a characteristic that no other coffee has. This process then makes coffee as one of the markers for the community of Palintang, because through coffee of the community members are known to other community groups. The distinctive characteristic of Palintang coffee also adds to the repertoire of varieties of archipelago coffee, especially those related to the character of coffee. 
LANDRACES, UTILIZATION, AND MANAGEMENT OF BAMBOO IN SUKAMENAK VILLAGE, SUMEDANG, WEST JAVA Johan Iskandar; Opan Suhendi Suwartapradja; Budiawati Supangkat Iskandar; Diana Budiyanti; Sidik Permana
Sosiohumaniora Vol 24, No 1 (2022): Sosiohumaniora: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora, MARCH 2022
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/sosiohumaniora.v24i1.35487

Abstract

There are many species of bamboo a rural ecosystem of West Java, growing wild or being cultivated. Both bamboo species and bamboo gardens have various ecological, economic, and socio-cultural functions. However, many bamboo gardens in rural West Java have been converted to other land uses. Consequently, the reduction or loss of various ecological, economic and socio-cultural functions of bamboo. The purpose of this study was to assess the local knowledge of the rural people on the landraces, utilization, and management of bamboos among rural people of Sukamenak Village, Sumedang of West Java. The method used in this study was mixed-method, a combination of qualitative and quantitative with an ethnobotanical approach. Some techniques, including observation and in-depth interviews with competent informants were employed. Data analysis was carried out by cross-checking, summarizing and synthesizing, and building up narrative. The results showed that 9 bamboo landraces were recorded in Sukamenak Village. The nine landraces of bamboo are classified by local people according to the morphology and color of the internode, edible and non-edible shoots, and their ecological functions in the rural ecosystem. The landraces of bamboo are commonly used by rural people for economic, social and ecological purposes. The utilization and management of bamboo gardens are undertaken by rural people based on local knowledge and are strongly embedded with local culture. We suggest the further studies on bamboo ethnoecology need to be continued due to bamboos have various socio-economic, cultural and ecological functions.
TRADITIONAL MARKET AND WOMEN’S WORK IN THE BERINGHARJO MARKET, OF YOGYAKARTA Budiawati Supangkat; Rahman Latif Alfian; Johan Iskandar
Sosiohumaniora Vol 23, No 1 (2021): Sosiohumaniora: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora, MARCH 2021
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/sosiohumaniora.v23i1.29807

Abstract

Traditional market is often one of the locations for economic turnover in an area. Various goods from villages, sub-districts, and other areas around the city are sent to be traded. In this market there is a large system that makes the market “live” in which there are interrelated actors. Some of the actors in the traditional market system such as the Beringharjo Market are women who work odd jobs. To see this phenomenon, this study used an ethnographic method to delve deeper into the phenomena that occur from the point of view of stakeholders in Beringharjo Market. The results of study showed that Beringharjo Market always changes from time to time, both physically and the actors who “live it”. Women who work in al kind of work become one of the actors who play an important role in the sustainability of dynamic market activities.
ASPEK EKONOMI PADA KEHIDUPAN PEREMPUAN LANJUT USIA: Studi Etnografi di Desa Demuk, Kecamatan Pucanglaban, Kabupaten Tulungagung Richa Meliza; Budiawati Supangkat Iskandar; Rini Susetyawati Soemarwoto
Jurnal Antropologi: Isu-Isu Sosial Budaya Vol 21, No 1 (2019): (June)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (194.005 KB) | DOI: 10.25077/jantro.v21.n1.p11-21.2019

Abstract

Indonesia is predicted to enter the era of bonus demography which is an interesting issue now. This is related to the increasing productive and non-productive population. This phenomenon can benefit the population, both productive and non-productive residents who get less attention, especially economic dependence on nonproductive groups such as the elderly. Elderly are often said to be a burden on society, especially for women who are often associated with domestic work. This study raises the economic independence of elderly women. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach on elderly women in Demuk village, Pucanglaban sub-district, Tulungagung district. Data collection uses participatory observation techniques and in-depth interviews. The results of the study show that elderly women can meet the economic needs of their own family or household. They work in the domestic and public domains such as farmers, laborers, traders, and breeders. Thus elderly women are not burdens, but they become economic support for the family or household.
Co-Authors Agge Ibrati Shabrina Suhanda Ajeng Syaripah Tunur Ardi Maulana Nugraha Budhi Gunawan Diana Budiyanti Hardian Eko Nurseto Hardian Eko Nurseto Hardian Eko Nurseto Johan Iskandar Johan Iskandar Margo Purnomo Margo Purnomo Mohamad Yanuar Burhanudin Muhamad Azahar Bin Abas Muhamad Radhiya Rizky Raviandy Rushandy Mutiara Murin Nugraheni Putri Lestari Nur Fikri Fadhilah Nurullia Fitriani Opan Suhendi Suwartapradja Rahman Latif Alfian, Rahman Latif Richa Meliza Rina Hermawati Rini Susetyawati Soemarwoto Saifullah Zakaria Salsabila Nur Azizah Sidik Permana Siti Nuraeni Wawan Hermawan