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Traditional Games as a Tools for Increasing Students' Motor Skills and Effort to Preserve The National Culture: Traditional Games as a Tools for Increasing Students' Motor Skills and Effort to Preserve The National Culture sujarwo jarwo; Sudardiyono Sudardiyono; Hari Yuliarto Yuliarto; Yudanto Yudanto
Community Development Journal Vol 5 No 1 (2021): Community Development Journal
Publisher : UNUSA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (198.878 KB) | DOI: 10.33086/cdj.v5i1.1914

Abstract

Teachers have difficulty understanding the material about traditional games and sports (TSG). A preliminary study showed that some kindergarten teachers had not received material about TSG, so they are tough to implement them. Training on traditional games helps teachers to reintroduce and socialize them in schools. This community service method was material presentation and discussions using a website seminar (webinar) through the zoom application on 40 kindergarten teachers in Bantul district, Yogyakarta. The results showed that the mean/average difference in teacher comprehension before and after community service was 68.50 and 85.75, respectively. There was an increase in the teacher's understanding that traditional games can improve children's motor skills and make an effort to preserve the nation's ancestors' heritage. The conclusion shows that most Kindergarten teachers can understand the concept and application of traditional games to increase fine and gross motor skills of kindergarten students and indirectly maintain ancestral culture to strengthen the nation. Teachers have difficulty understanding the material about traditional games and sports (TSG). A preliminary study showed that some kindergarten teachers had not received material about TSG, so they are tough to implement them. Training on traditional games helps teachers to reintroduce and socialize them in schools. This community service method was material presentation and discussions using a website seminar (webinar) through the zoom application on 40 kindergarten teachers in Bantul district, Yogyakarta. The results showed that the mean/average difference in teacher comprehension before and after community service was 68.50 and 85.75, respectively. There was an increase in the teacher's understanding that traditional games can improve children's motor skills and make an effort to preserve the nation's ancestors' heritage. The conclusion shows that most Kindergarten teachers can understand the concept and application of traditional games to increase fine and gross motor skills of kindergarten students and indirectly maintain ancestral culture to strengthen the nation.
Implementasi pembelajaran permainan bola besar berorientasi high order thinking skill (HOTS) di SMP Negeri se-Kota Yogyakarta Galih Dewanti; Yudanto Yudanto; Amri Hartanto; Betrix Teofa Perkasa Wibafied Billy Yacshie; Afeb Chesa Arianto
Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani Indonesia Vol 17, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Departement of Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences Yogyakarta State University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/jpji.v17i2.44991

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi materi pembelajaran bola besar berorientasi Higher Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) di SMP Negeri se- Kota Yogyakarta. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif kuantitatif dengan metode survei. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu guru Pendidikan Jasmani Olahraga Kesehatan (PJOK) di SMP Negeri se- Kota Yogyakarta yang berjumlah 32 guru. Sampel berjumlah 16 guru yang diambil menggunakan teknik proportional random sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu angket. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif persentase. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, dapat diketahui bahwa implementasi pembelajaran permainan bola besar berorientasi Higher Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) di SMP Negeri se- Kota Yogyakarta berada pada kategori “sangat kurang” sebesar 0,00% (0 guru), “kurang” sebesar 37,50% (6 guru), “cukup” sebesar 62,50% (10 guru), “baik” sebesar 0,00% (0 guru), dan “sangat baik” sebesar 0,00% (0 guru). Guru hendaknya dapat mengubah pola pembelajaran secara komprehensif yang berbasis pada kemampuan berpikir dan kreatif. Abstract: This study aims to determine the implementation of the Higher Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) oriented big ball learning material in State Junior High Schools throughout the city of Yogyakarta. This type of research is descriptive quantitative with a survey method. The population in this study were PJOK teachers at state junior high schools throughout the city of Yogyakarta, totalling 32 teachers. A sample of 16 teachers was taken using the proportional random sampling technique. The instrument used is a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used descriptive percentage analysis. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be seen that the implementation of the Higher Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) oriented learning material in State Junior High Schools throughout the city of Yogyakarta is in the "very poor" category of 0.00% (0 teachers), "less" of 37 .50% (6 teachers), 62.50% (10 teachers), “good” 0.00% (0 teachers), and “very good” 0.00% (0 teachers).
The level of motor ability of soccer athletes in the FC UNY Academy in 2020 Yudanto Yudanto; Tifa Alfian
MEDIKORA Vol 19, No 2 (2020): Oktober
Publisher : Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/medikora.v19i2.35045

Abstract

This research aims to find out the level of motor ability of the Football Athlete at the FC UNY Academy in 2020. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of motor ability of the Football Athlete at the FC UNY Academy in 2020. This research was a quantitative research with survey method. The research population was 24 Soccer players from Yogyakarta State University FC Academy in 2020. The test instruments used in this study are using the Barrow motor ability test which includes: Standing broad jump , Soft ball throw , Zigzag run , Wall pass , Medicine ball put , Running 60 yard dash. Measuring instruments used to measure are stopwatch and meter. Data analysis techniques using descriptive analysis with percentage. The results of the research on the motor ability level of Football Athletes at the FC UNY Academy in 2020 as the following:  2 athletes (8.33%) are in very high category, 2 athletes (8.33%) are in high category, 10 athletes (41.67 %) are in moderate category, 8 athletes (33.33%) are in poor category, 2 athletes (8.33%) are in very poor category. Tingkat kemampuan motorik atlet sepakbola di Akademi FC UNY tahun 2020 AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa tingkat kemampuan motorik Atlet Sepakbola Di Akademi FC UNY Tahun 2020. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui tingkat kemampuan motorik Atlet Sepakbola Di Akademi FC UNY Tahun 2020. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survei dengan teknik tes pengukuran untuk mendapatkan data. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Atlet Sepakbola Di Akademi FC UNY Tahun 2020 yang berjumlah 24 orang. Instrumen tes yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan tes Barrow motor ability test yang meliputi: Standing broad jump, Soft ball throw, Zig-zag run, Wall pass, Medicine ball put, Lari 60 yard dash. Alat ukur yang digunakan untuk mengukur adalah stopwatch dan meteran. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif dengan persentase. Hasil dari penelitian tingkat kemampuan motorik Atlet Sepakbola Di Akademi FC UNY Tahun 2020 sebagai berikut bahwa 2 atlet (8,33%) berada pada kategori sangat tinggi, 2 atlet (8,33%) berada pada kategori tinggi, 10 atlet (41,67%) berada pada kategori sedang, 8 atlet (33,33%) berada pada kategori kurang, 2 atlet (8,33%) berada pada kategori sangat kurang.
Perceptual motor test for children 5-6 years old Yudanto Yudanto; Abdul Mahfudin Alim; Ahmad Nasrulloh
Jurnal Keolahragaan Vol 9, No 1: April 2021
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Keolahragaan Program Pascasarjana Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (225.114 KB) | DOI: 10.21831/jk.v9i1.30968

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This research and development aims to produce perceptual motor tests for children aged 5-6 years. The development procedure adapted the Borg and Gall model, namely: (1) the preliminary study and planning stage, (2) the product development stage, (3) the expert validation stage, 4) the trial phase, and (5) product revision. The trial subjects used 10 children aged 5-6 years. The data used in this research are quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data were obtained from the results of the validation of the perceptual motor test draft and trials. Qualitative data obtained from the results of a questionnaire in the form of input and suggestions from material experts and practitioners. The data collection instrument used questionnaire guidelines. The questionnaire was used to get input from material experts and practitioners. The product can be said to be accepted and used must be tested for validity and reliability. Material expert validation test based on content validity and reliability testing using observation reliability with Alpha Cronbach. The results of the product developed show that perceptual motor tests for children aged 5-6 years are acceptable and in accordance with aspects of perceptual motor elements. The reliability test result was 0.930.
The Development Of Physical Activity Model Through A Circuit Game To Develop The Basic Locomotor Movement Ability For Earlier Elementary Student Yudanto Yudanto; Kristi Utami
Kinestetik : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Jasmani Vol 5 No 4 (2021): DESEMBER (ACCREDITED SINTA 3)
Publisher : UNIB Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33369/jk.v5i4.19688

Abstract

This research aims to produce a product of a physical activity model through a circuit game to develop the basic locomotor movement ability for an earlier elementary student. This research is development research. The procedures or steps that were used in this study, namely: 1 ) analyzing the product, 2) developing the initial product, 3) expert validation and product reliability testing, 4) small and wide-scale trials, 5) revisions products, 6) organizing of the final product. The validation test was using content validation and the reliability was using the Crude Index Agreement, the results of the reliability test obtain a coefficient of 0.75-0.81. The small-scale trials were conducted at SD Negeri Karangjati and the large-scale trials were conducted at SD Negeri Mlesen and MI Husnayain Sleman. The final results in this research is a physical activity model through a circuit game consisting of 1) preparing places and equipment, 2) initial/warming up activities, 3) Core Activities consisting of 5 posts games namely Lampu Lalu Lintas, Topi Kerucutku, Balap Engklek, Tongkat Berjalan, and Terowongan Bola, 4) closing activities/cooling down.
BERMAIN SEPAK BOLA MELALUI PENDEKATAN TAKTIK Yudanto Yudanto; Fathan Nurcahyo
Jambura Health and Sport Journal Vol 2, No 2 (2020): Agustus
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37311/jhsj.v2i2.7040

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mengukur kemampuan bermain sepak bola melalui pendekatan taktik mahasiswa Prodi Pendidikan Jasmani Kesehatan dan Rekreasi (PJKR) yang mengikuti mata kuliah permainan sepak bola tahun akademik 2013/2014. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif menggunakan metode survei. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui lembar penilaian dan observasi. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah instrumen yang dikembangkan oleh Komarudin tentang penilaian keterampilan bermain sepak bola melalui pendekatan taktik. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Program Studi PJKR yang mengambil mata kuliah permainan sepak bola pada tahun akademik 2013/2014 dengan jumlah 230 mahasiswa. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis statistik deskriptif kuantitatif dalam bentuk persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan bermain sepak bola melalui pendekatan taktik mahasiswa Program Studi PJKR sebanyak 71 (30,43 %) mahasiswa kategori sangat tinggi, sebanyak 106 (46,09 %) mahasiswa kategori tinggi, sebanyak 42 (18,26 %) mahasiswa kategori cukup, sebanyak 12 (5,22 %) mahasiswa kategori kurang dan sebanyak 0 (0 %) mahasiswa kategori sangat kurang.
Sosialisasi Aspek Psikologis yang mempengaruhi Proses Belajar di Rumah dan Evaluasi Perkembangan Motorik Peserta Didik pada masa Pandemi Sujarwo Sujarwo; Yudanto Yudanto; Sunardiyanta Sunardiyanta; Ridho Gotho; Arif Purnomo
Seandanan: Jurnal Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat Vol. 1 No. 1 (2021): Seandanan: Jurnal Pengabdian pada Masyarakat
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (399.483 KB) | DOI: 10.23960/seandanan.v1i1.5

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Tujuan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini adalah memberikan edukasi kepada guru di Taman Kanak-kanak tentang aspek psikologis yang mempengaruhi proses belajar di rumah dan evaluasi perkembangan motorik peserta didik pada masa pandemi. Metode pengabdian dengan paparan materi dan diskusi interaktif antara pengabdi dengan peserta. Menggunakan aplikasi zoom meeting pengabdi akan memaparkan materi peserta menyimak dan aktif melakukan tanya jawab secara daring. Peserta adalah guru taman kanak-kanak di KKG Gugus PAUD IV kecamatan Bantul berjumlah 29 orang. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengukur keberhasilan pengabdian menggunakan kuis atau tes baik pre dan post test kemudian dibandingkan antara hasil tes sebelum pengabdian dan juga setelah pengabdian. Pelaksanaan pengabdian masyarakat adalah 3 hari terdiri dari 1 hari proses koordinasi pengabdian, 1 hari pelaksanaan pengabdian, dan 1 hari evaluasi dan pelaporan pengabdian atau total jam yaitu 32 jam. Hasil pengabdian terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan guru di KKG PAUD IV kecamatan Bantul berdasarkan perbedaan rerata mean hasit tes, sebesar: 6.55%. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini memberikan dampak yang positif bagi guru dan berdampak dalam pelayanan terhadap wali siswa dan juga kepada siswa dalam proses pembelajaran daring dalam masa pandemi.
Analisis Kebutuhan Pengembangan E-Modul Personalized System of Instruction pada Pembelajaran Daring Pendidikan Jasmani Agung Widodo; Djoko Pekik Irianto; Ali Satia Graha; Yudanto Yudanto; Tonang Juniarta; Bachtiar Bachtiar
Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani Indonesia Vol 18, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Departement of Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences Yogyakarta State University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/jpji.v18i1.49006

Abstract

Pandemi Covid-19 telah mendisrupsi dunia pendidikan yang mengakibatkan terjadinya migrasi pembelajaran luring menjadi daring. Situasi ini menjadikan tantangan tersendiri bagi pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani Olahraga dan Kesehatan (PJOK). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kondisi pembelajaran daring pendidikan jasmani dan kebutuhan guru terhadap modul elektronik berbasis model pembelajaran Personalized System of Instructions (PSI) pada pembelajaran daring pendidikan jasmani. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner elektronik via Google Form yang dibagikan kepada guru-guru anggota Musyawarah Guru Mata Pelajaran (MGMP) PJOK Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) Kabupaten Klaten sebagai responden. Sebanyak 61 responden menjawab dan mengisi kuesioner secara lengkap antara tanggal 7-14 Oktober 2021. Hasil survei menunjukkan tiga temuan yaitu: (1) Kondisi pembelajaran daring pendidikan jasmani belum efektif di masa pandemi Covid-19. Guru mengalami kendala dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani secara daring. (2) Dibutuhkan e-modul sebagai bahan pembelajaran untuk siswa secara mandiri di rumah. (3) Dibutuhkan penerapan model pembelajaran Personalized System of Instructions (PSI) dalam pembelajaran daring pendidikan jasmani. Model pembelajaran PSI diyakini tepat dan efektif sebagai model pembelajaran mandiri. The Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted the world of education resulting in the migration of offline learning to online. This situation makes it a challenge for Physical Education learning. This study aims to examine the conditions of physical education online learning and the teacher's needs for electronic modules based on the Personalized System of Instructions (PSI) learning model in physical education online learning. This study uses a survey method. Data was collected using an electronic questionnaire via Google Form which was distributed to teachers who are members of the Teacher Deliberation Forum for Junior High School Physical Education in Klaten Regency as respondents. A total of 61 respondents answered and filled out the questionnaire completely between October 7-14, 2021. The survey results showed three findings, namely: (1) The condition of online learning for physical education has not been effective during the Covid-19 pandemic. Teachers experience problems in implementing online physical education learning. (2) E-modules are needed as learning materials for students independently at home. (3) It is necessary to apply the Personalized System of Instructions (PSI) learning model in physical education online learning. The PSI learning model is believed to be appropriate and effective as an independent learning model.
Evaluasi Praktik Kependidikan (PK) Mahasiswa Prodi PJKR di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Sigit Dwi Andrianto; Jaka Sunardi; Yudanto Yudanto; Aris Fajar Pambudi; Willy Ihsan Rizkyanto
Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani Indonesia Vol 18, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Departement of Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences Yogyakarta State University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/jpji.v18i1.49158

Abstract

Praktik Kependidikan (PK) merupakan program wajib tempuh bagi mahasiswa prodi kependidikan untuk menyiapkan diri menjadi guru profesional, namun PK pada dua tahun belakangan tidak dapat berjalan sebagaimana mestinya akibat adanya pandemi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi penyelenggaraan PK Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Jasmani Kesehatan dan Rekreasi (PJKR) di Masa Pandemi Covid. Langkah-langkah teknik pengumpulan data meliputi usaha membatasi penelitian, mengumpulkan informasi melalui observasi, wawancara, baik yang       terstruktur maupun tidak. Penelitian menggunakan metode CIPP. Context: 1) Latar Belakang Program mendapatkan nilai rata-rata 3,44 kategori baik; 2) Pembinaan mendapatkan nilai rata-rata 3,53 kategori baik; dan 3) Tujuan Program Pembinaan mendapatkan nilai rata-rata 3,61 kategori Baik. Input: 1) Kualifikasi Guru pamong dengan nilai rata-rata 3,63 kategori Baik, 2) Mahasiswa PK nilai rata-rata 3,48 kategori Baik, 3) Sarana dan Prasarana nilai rata-rata 3,59 kategori Baik, 4) Dukungan dari orangtua nilai rata-rata 3,72 kategori Baik. Sedangkan pada indikator 5) Pendanaan nilai rata-rata 3,24 kategori Cukup Baik. Process: 1) Pelaksanaan Program Sekolah nilai rata-rata 3,47 kategori Baik, dan 2) Monitoring nilai rata-rata 3,38 dengan kategori Baik. Product: Indikator Prestasi mendapatkan skor rata-rata nilai 1,67 kategori Tidak Baik. Educational Practice (PK) is a mandatory program for students of education study programs to prepare themselves to become professional teachers, but PK in the last two years has not been able to run properly due to the pandemic. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the implementation of Educational Practices (EP) for Students of the Physical Education Health and Recreation Study Program (PEHR) during the Covid Pandemic Period. The steps of data collection techniques include efforts to limit research, collect information through observation, interviews, both structured and unstructured. The study used the CIPP method. Context: 1) Program Background got an average score of 3.44; 2) Coaching gets an average score of 3.53; and 3) The objective of the Coaching Program is to get an average score of 3.61, all three of which are in the Good category. Inputs: 1) Qualifications of Civil Service Teachers with an average score of 3.63; 2) EP students have an average score of 3.48; 3) Facilities and infrastructure with an average score of 3.59; 4) Support from parents with an average score of 3.72, all four of them were in a Good category. Meanwhile, indicator 5) Funding has an average value of 3.24 in the Fairly Good category. Process: 1) Implementation of School Programs with an average score of 3.47 in the Good category, and 2) Monitoring an average score of 3.38 in the Good category. Product: Achievement Indicators get an average score of 1.67 in the Bad category.
Pengembangan model mata kuliah kepramukaan dan aktivitas luar kelas berbasis seni budaya dan kearifan lokal Willy Ihsan Rizkyanto; Yudanto Yudanto; Jaka Sunardi; Komarudin Komarudin
MAJORA: Majalah Ilmiah Olahraga Vol 27, No 1 (2021): Maret
Publisher : Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (383.948 KB) | DOI: 10.21831/majora.v27i1.39131

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan, melalui kegiatan pengembangan model mata kuliah Kepramukaan dan ALK mahasiswa di dalam Prodi PJKR, para dosen, budayawan, penggiat seni untuk meningkatkan rasa (toleransi) melalui apresiasi, memahami karya diri, teman maupun orang lain dalam menjaga eksistensi terhadap Seni Budaya dan kearifan lokal masyarakat sekitar khususnya di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Desain Penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan (research and development. Tempat penelitian dan pengembangan yang dilakukan peneliti yakni di Fakultas Ilmu Keolahragaan, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta yang berlokasi di Jalan Colombo No. 1 Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis data deskriptif kualitatif dan analisis kuantitatif. Perolehan nilai tertinggi terdapat pada kategori budaya yaitu Topo Bisu Lampah Keraton sejumlah 585. Sedangkan nilai terendah ada pada kegiatan kebudayaan juga yaitu upacara Bekakak yang berada di wilayah Gamping, Kab. Sleman, Yogyakarta sejumlah 414. Rata-rata yang diperoleh dari beberapa hasil perhitungan nilai dari angket tersebut yaitu 539,5.Pembelajaran berbasis Seni, budaya dan Kearifan lokal perlu dilakukan sebagai sarana meningkatkan kompetensi maupun capaian pembelajaran mata Kuliah Kepramukaan dan ALK agarpembelajaran terkesan tidak monoton dari waktu ke waktu  dengan cara melibatkan mahasiswa, para dosen, budayawan, penggiat sendalam menjaga eksistensi terhadap Seni Budaya dan kearifan lokal masyarakat sekitar khususnya di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta dapat dilakukan di lingkungan kampus FIK UNY.   DEVELOPMENT OF COURSE MODELS AND OUTSIDE CLASS ACTIVITIES BASED ON CULTURAL ARTS AND LOCAL WISDOM AbstractThis research aims, through the development of student scouting and ALK models in the PJKR Study Program, lecturers, cultural observers, and art activists to increase tolerance through appreciation, understanding the work of themselves, friends, and others in maintaining the existence of cultural arts and local wisdom of the surrounding community, especially in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The research design used in this research is research and development. The place for research and development carried out by researchers in the Faculty of Sports Science, Yogyakarta State University, located at Jalan Colombo No.1 Yogyakarta. This research uses descriptive qualitative data analysis techniques and quantitative analysis. The highest score was in the cultural category, namely Topo Bisu Lampah Keraton, amounting to 585. While the lowest score was in cultural activities as well, namely the Bekakak ceremony in the Gamping area, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta with a total of 414. the result of the calculation of the value of the questionnaire is 539.5. Learning based on art, culture and local wisdom needs to be done as a means of increasing competence and learning outcomes in Scouting and ALK courses so that learning does not seem monotonous from time to time by involving students, lecturers, cultural observers, activists in maintaining the existence of cultural arts and local wisdom. The surrounding community, especially in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, can be done in the FIK UNY campus environment.