I Made Oka Adnyana
Department Of Neurology, Faculty Of Medicine, Udayana University/Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia

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Journal : Bali Anatomy Journal

TNF-α and IL-1 in migraine, current knowledge and future perspectives: literature review Putri Rossyana Dewi; I Made Oka Adnyana; I Putu Eka Widyadharma
Bali Anatomy Journal Vol 3 No 2 (2020): Bali Anatomy Journal (BAJ)
Publisher : Department of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Universitas Udayana, Bali-Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36675/baj.v3i2.45

Abstract

Background: Migraine is closely related to physical and biopsychosocial problems on human. The increasing number of migraine cases can affect the quality of life and increasing financial burden. Aim: The study aims to simply review the presentation of TNF- α and IL-1 in migraine mechanisms as well as the perspective of their future agenda. Review: The characteristics of migraine symptoms include unilateral and pulsating headaches precede by fatigue, irritability, decrease of concentration, and daytime sleepiness. Vascular and neurovascular theory are previous theory about the pathophysiology of migraine. Recent knowledge state that cortical spreading depression is the underlying mechanism of the aura and migraine. Other literatures showed that neurogenic inflammation also play a role in migraine particularly mast cells. Mast cells degranulate pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α and IL-1, chemokines, and other substances. The involvement of TNF-α and IL-1 in migraine will be discussed in this review.
Characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes of acute ischemic stroke cases treated with thrombolysis in Sanglah General Hospital Bali: A case series Ida Ayu Sri Indrayani; Valentina Tjandra Dewi; Ida Bagus Kusuma Putra; I Gusti Ngurah Ketut Budiarsa; Nyoman Angga Krishna Pramana; Kumara Tini; I Made Oka Adnyana
Bali Anatomy Journal Vol 4 No 1 (2021): Bali Anatomy Journal (BAJ)
Publisher : Department of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Universitas Udayana, Bali-Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36675/baj.v4i1.56

Abstract

Background: Intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (IV rt-PA) in eligible patient groups is the main therapy for acute phase ischemic stroke within 4.5 hours of symptom onset which can significantly improve functional outcome. However, not all patients who underwent thrombolysis had a good outcome. Case: We report a series of seven patients cases undergoing IV thrombolysis from 2019-2020 at Sanglah General Hospital with varying baseline conditions and outcomes. Most cases benefit from IV rt-PA administration. There was one case with a poor outcome and one case with a rare anaphylactic reaction following alteplase administration. Conclusion: The number of thrombolysis procedure which is the main treatment of acute ischemic stroke is quite small. It is necessary to increase public education and understanding regarding the rapid response to acute stroke symptoms. Most of the cases yielded good outcomes while several cases had unfavorable outcomes related to variable factors. Hemorrhagic transformation does not directly associate with poor outcome. Clinicians also need to increase awareness of allergic reactions risk to rt-PA and provide prompt treatment.