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All Journal SELAPARANG: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Berkemajuan Lumbung Farmasi : Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Journal of Community Service and Empowerment Jurnal Kesehatan Qamarul Huda SainsTech Innovation Journal Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy and Natural Product Jurnal Penelitian dan Kajian Ilmiah Kesehatan Politeknik Medica Farma Husada Mataram
Dwi Monika Ningrum
Fakultas Kesehatan, Program Studi D3 Farmasi, Universitas Qamarul Huda Badaruddin Bagu
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Evaluasi Standar Pelayanan Kefarmasian Di Apotek Lombok Tengah Berdasarkan Kemenkes No.1027/MENKES/SK/IX/2004 NTB Dwi Monika Ningrum; Ahmad - Zainudin; Depi Yuliana; Faizul Bayani
Jurnal Kesehatan Qamarul Huda Vol. 6 No. 2 (2018): Desember 2018
Publisher : Universitas Qamarul Huda Badaruddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (903.764 KB) | DOI: 10.37824/jkqh.v6i2.2018.39

Abstract

Pharmacists in carrying out their duties at the Pharmacy need to comply with Kepmenkes No.1027 / Menkes / SK / IX / 2004, concerning Pharmaceutical Service Standards at the Pharmacy. These standards are structured as guidelines for the practice of pharmacists in carrying out their work, so that the public is protected from unprofessional services and minimizes the occurrence of medication errors. This study aims to determine the standard application of pharmaceutical services at the Pharmacy. This study was designed in a non-experimental manner, in which the results were displayed descriptively. Sampling process was using the Slovin formula, therefore from 67 pharmacies that existed in this particular area were obtained sample of 38 pharmacies in Central Lombok. Data collection was based on the results of interviews with pharmacists and direct observation to determine compliance with the standard technical implementation of pharmaceutical services at the pharmacy (SK No.1027 / Menkes / SK / IX / 2004). Scoring was done by summing the value of each indicator in each Pharmacy which includes human resources, services and evaluation of service quality. The results of the assessment indicate that there is 1 Pharmacy (2.33%) in the good category, 13 Pharmacies (30.23%) in the sufficient category and 29 Pharmacies (67.44%) in the less category.
Kepuasan Pasien Di Apotik Dahlia Berdasarkan Karakteristik Pasien Dengan Model SERVQUAL Dwi Monika Ningrum; Faizul Bayani; Depi Yuliana; Neneng Rachmalia Izzatul Mukhlishah; Cokorda Istri Widya Utamiswari
Jurnal Kesehatan Qamarul Huda Vol. 8 No. 2 (2020): Desember 2020
Publisher : Universitas Qamarul Huda Badaruddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (379.878 KB) | DOI: 10.37824/jkqh.v8i2.2020.216

Abstract

Pharmacy services at the pharmacy are an integral part of the implementation of health efforts, which play an important role in improving the quality of health services for the community. The demands of patients and society for improving the quality of pharmaceutical services require an expansion from the old paradigm that is product oriented (drug oriented) to a new paradigm that is patient oriented (patient oriented) with a philosophy of pharmaceutical care. The purpose of this study was to see the level of patient satisfaction with prescription services at Dahlia Pharmacy Mataram. The sample in this study is part of the entire population who redeem prescriptions at the Dahlia Pharmacy with ages 19-65 years. The determination of the sample size with a confidence level of 99% using the Slovin formula. The results obtained by the level of patient satisfaction seen from each dimension include direct evidence (tangible), reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy shows that on average patients give a satisfied response to the service provided. This shows that the services provided by pharmacy officers are good enough. The study showed that the largest percentage of patients were satisfied with the services provided by the dahlia pharmacy by 67.96% and very satisfied with the percentage of 23.94%. It is known that the level of satisfaction obtained by customers is closely related to the quality standards of the goods or services they enjoy. The nature of satisfaction is subjective, but can be measured through the customer and community satisfaction index.
Determinan Kepatuhan Terhadap Vaksin Covid-19 Pada Lansia di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Suela Kabupaten Lombok Timur Dita Retno Pratiwi; Dwi Monika Ningrum; Omiati Natali; Siti Maryam; Lalu Jupriadi; Zulia Alfandi
Lumbung Farmasi: Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Vol 3, No 2 (2022): Juli
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MATARAM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31764/lf.v3i2.8341

Abstract

ABSTRAKCovid-19 adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh jenis coronavirus baru yaitu Sars-CoV-2, yang dilaporkan pertama kali di Wuhan Tiongkok pada tanggal 31 Desember 2019. Covid-19 pertama kali ditemukan di Indonesia pada bulan Maret 2020. Vaksinasi menjadi salah satu upaya preventif yang dilakukan pemerintah Indonesia untuk menekan jumlah kesakitan akibat covid 19. Beberapa determinan kepatuhan terhadap vaksin Covd-19 diantaranya adalah tingkat Pendidikan, tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, status pekerjaan, umur dan jarak rumah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui determinan yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan lansia dalam melaksanakan vaksin covid-19 di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Suela Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional design. Sampel berjumlah 159 responden yang diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling. Analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan SPSS dengan uji chi square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan lansia melaksanakan vaksin covid-19 adalah tingkat pendidikan (p-value=0,000), status pekerjaan (p-value=0,000) dan umur (p-value=0,000). Variabel yang tidak berhubungan adalah jenis kelamin (p value=0,832) dan jarak rumah (p value=0,397). Saran bagi peneliti selanjutnya untuk melakukan penelitian mengenai faktor lainnya yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan lansia melaksanakan vaksin covid-19. Kata kunci : Covid-19; Vaksin; Kepatuhan.ABSTRACTCovid-9 was first discovered in Indonesia in March 2020. Vaccination is one of the preventive efforts carried out by the Indonesian government to reduce the number of illnesses caused by covid 19. The purpose of this study was to determine the determinants related to the compliance of the elderly in implementing the covid-19 vaccine in the region. the work of the Suela Health Center, East Lombok Regency. This type of research is analytic observational with a cross sectional design approach. The sample amounted to 159 respondents who were taken by purposive sampling technique. Data analysis using chi square test. The results showed that the factors related to the compliance of the elderly in implementing the covid-19 vaccine were education level (p value = 0.000), employment status (p-value = 0.000) and age (p-value = 0.000). The unrelated variables were gender (p value=0.832) and house distance (p value=0.397). Suggestions for further researchers to conduct research on other factors related to elderly compliance with the Covid-19 vaccine.Keywords :  Covid-19; Vaccine; Compliance.
Phytochemical Identification of Ethanol Extract of Mahkota Dewa Fruit Flesh (Phaleria macrocarpa [Scheff]) as Antidiabetic Depi Yuliana; Faizul Bayani; Dwi Monika Ningrum; Neneng Rachmalia Izzatul Mukhlishah
SainsTech Innovation Journal Vol. 3 No. 1 (2020): SIJ Volume 3 Nomor 1 Mei 2020
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Qamarul Huda Badaruddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (458.116 KB)

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the biggest disease problems in the world. World Health Organization (WHO) as many as 346 billion people in the world are indicated to have DM. Phaleria macrocarpa [Scheff] Boerl as a native Indonesian medicine is widely used in traditional medicine as an effective medicine against DM, cancer, gout, high cholesterol, and kidney disorders. Phaleria macrocarpa [Scheff] Boerl has saponins and tannins which play a role in reducing blood glucose levels. This study aims to identify the metabolite compounds of Phaleria macrocarpa [Scheff] Boerl extract that have the potential to be anti-diabetic. The research using the TLC method. The results of TLC showed that Phaleria macrocarpa [Scheff] Boerl extract has flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins and tannins.
Studi Adverse Drug Reactions Penggunaan Obat Antiepilepsi Monoterapi Pada Anak di Rumah Sakit - Studi Farmakovigilans Putri Ramdaniah; Dwi Monika Ningrum; Depi Yuliana; Dedent Eka Bimmahariyanto S.; Recta Olivia Umboro
Lumbung Farmasi: Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Vol 3, No 2 (2022): Juli
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MATARAM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31764/lf.v3i2.8384

Abstract

ABSTRAKPengobatan epilepsi membutuhkan waktu yang lama, penghentian terapi dilakukan secara bertahap apabila dicapai bebas kejang selama dua tahun. Pengobatan yang bersifat jangka panjang dikaitkan dengan peningkatan efek samping dan membutuhkan monitoring pengobatan. Pasien anak sering mengalami efek samping obat yang sama dengan pasien dewasa, namun reaksi obat yang tidak dikehendaki pada pasien anak lebih sulit karena perbedaan karakteristik antara pasien anak dan pasien dewasa juga mempengaruhi efikasi dan efek samping obat. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menghitung angka kejadian ADRs dan Klasifikasi Jenis ADRs pada penggunaan obat antiepilepsi Monoterapi. Metode yang digunakan yaitu penelitian cross sectional dengan pengambilan data secara prospektif, penilaian kausalitas ADRs menggunakan algoritma naranjo, selama periode penelitian didapatkan 56 pasien yang mendapatkan terapi monoterapi dari total 86 pasien. jenis-jenis ADRs yang terjadi pada pasien yaitu gangguan gastrointestinal 32,35%, reaksi kulit gatal dan kemerahan terjadi 7,35%, gangguan metabolik sebanyak 10,29%, dan gangguan CNS (Central nervous system) sebanyak 10,29%. Kata kunci : Adverse drug reactions; Antiepilepsi; Anak-anak.ABSTRACTEpilepsy treatment takes a long time, discontinuation of therapy is carried out gradually if achieved without seizures for two years. Treatment is long-term treatment with increased side effects and requires medication monitoring. Pediatric patients often experience the same side effects of drugs as adults, but adverse drug reactions in pediatric patients are more difficult because differences in characteristics between patients and adult patients also affect the efficacy and side effects of drugs. The purpose of this study was to calculate the incidence of ADR and Classification of Types of ADR in the use of monotherapy antiepileptic drugs. The method used is a cross sectional study with prospective data collection, ADR Causality Assessment using the Naranjo Algorithm, during the study period 56 patients received monotherapy therapy from a total of 86 patients. The types of ADR that occur in patients are gastrointestinal disorders 32.35%, itching and skin reactions that occur 7.35%, metabolic disorders as much as 10.29%, and CNS (Central Nervous System) disorders as much as 10.29%.Keywords : Adverse drug reactions; Antiepileptic; Pediatric.
Peran Tenaga Kefarmasian dalam Proses Penanggulangan Wabah Covid-19 di Apotek Kota Mataram Tahun 2020 Dwi Monika Ningrum; Dedent Eka Bimma Haryanto; Depi Yuliana; Neneng Rachmalia Izzatul Mukhlishah; Denih Agus Setia Permana; Atri Sri Ulandari
Jurnal Kesehatan Qamarul Huda Vol. 10 No. 1 (2022): Juni 2022
Publisher : Universitas Qamarul Huda Badaruddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37824/jkqh.v10i1.2022.289

Abstract

Tenaga Teknis Kefarmasian (TTK), merupakan tenaga kesehatan yang berada di garda depan  pelayanan kefarmasian baik di apotek, puskesmas, rumah sakit dan sarana pelayanan kefarmasian lainnya.  Dalam penanggulangan Covid-19 ini, tenaga medis dan tenaga kesehatan lain berada di garis depan, membantu anggota masyarakat yang terserang tertular penyakit. Sebab itu, tenaga kesehatan terutama TTK harus mengerti dan paham betul apa yang mesti mereka lakukan pada masyarakat agar mendapat pencerahan, mereka harus memperoleh informasi yang benar dari tenaga kesehatan yang terpercaya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Pemilihan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus sesuai untuk meneliti tentang Peranan TTK Dalam Proses Penanggulangan Wabah Covid-19 dalam komunikasi informasi dan edukasi kesehatan kepada masyarakat. Observasi terhadap peran TTK dilakukan selama bulan April 2020 sampai dengan bulan Juli 2020 di beberapa Apotek di Kota Mataram. Subjek yang diamati terdiri dari TTK dengan kualifikasi pendidikan Sekolah Menengah Farmasi, Diploma-III dan Apoteker. Objek yang dikaji merupakan uraian tugas yang tertuang dalam dokumen disertai dengan pengamatan langsung berupa pelayanan yang diberikan oleh TTK di tempat kerja/sarana kefarmasian. Hasil yang  diperoleh dalam kegiatan ini menunjukkan bahwa TTK cukup berperan dalam proses penanggulangan wabah Covid-19 dengan prosentase sebesar 70,25%.
Evaluasi Kepuasan Pasien Ditinjau Dari Kinerja Tenaga Teknis Kefarmasian Di Apotek Pagesangan Mataram Depi Yuliana; Deasi Wikandari; Putri Ramdaniah; Dwi Monika Ningrum; Faizul Bayani; Neneng Rachmalia Izzatul Mukhlishah; Ni Made Nuratni
Jurnal Kesehatan Qamarul Huda Vol. 10 No. 1 (2022): Juni 2022
Publisher : Universitas Qamarul Huda Badaruddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37824/jkqh.v10i1.2022.305

Abstract

Salah satu indikator kepuasan pasien dalam bidang kesehatan adalah tersedianya pelayanan kesehatan yang berkualitas. Kepuasan akan terpenuhi bila pelayanan yang diberikan dalam suatu apotek dirasakan telah sesuai dengan harapan pasien, sehingga kepuasan pasien akan memberikan keuntungan dan dampak yang sangat penting bagi manajemen apotek. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persentase kepuasan pasien terhadap pelayanan kefarmasian meliputi kecepatan pelayanan, komunikasi informasi dan edukasi (KIE), serta keramahan petugas di Apotek Pagesangan Mataram. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain observasional dengan rancangan deskriptif kuantitatif dan pendekatan cross sectional yaitu jenis penelitian yang menekankan pada waktu pengukuran atau observasi data dalam satu kali pada satu waktu yang dilakukan pada variabel terikat dan variabel bebas. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan Accidental Sampling yaitu pasien yang kebetulan datang menebus obat dan sesuai sebagai sumber data dengan besar sampel sebanyak 95 responden. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pasien yang menebus obat di Apotek Pagesangan  Mataram memiliki nilai rata-rata berturut-turut per dimensi (Kecepatan Pelayanan, KIE, Keramahan Petugas) sebesar (90,22%, 85,36%, 99,5%). Hasil penelitian ini dapat di gunakan sebagai pemacu pelayanan kefarmasian yang lain untuk mempertahankan serta memberikan pelayanan kefarmasian kepada pasien untuk menjadi lebih baik lagi.Salah satu indikator kepuasan pasien dalam bidang kesehatan adalah tersedianya pelayanan kesehatan yang berkualitas. Kepuasan akan terpenuhi bila pelayanan yang diberikan dalam suatu apotek dirasakan telah sesuai dengan harapan pasien, sehingga kepuasan pasien akan memberikan keuntungan dan dampak yang sangat penting bagi manajemen apotek. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persentase kepuasan pasien terhadap pelayanan kefarmasian meliputi kecepatan pelayanan, komunikasi informasi dan edukasi (KIE), serta keramahan petugas di Apotek Pagesangan Mataram. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain observasional dengan rancangan deskriptif kuantitatif dan pendekatan cross sectional yaitu jenis penelitian yang menekankan pada waktu pengukuran atau observasi data dalam satu kali pada satu waktu yang dilakukan pada variabel terikat dan variabel bebas. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan Accidental Sampling yaitu pasien yang kebetulan datang menebus obat dan sesuai sebagai sumber data dengan besar sampel sebanyak 95 responden. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pasien yang menebus obat di Apotek Pagesangan  Mataram memiliki nilai rata-rata berturut-turut per dimensi (Kecepatan Pelayanan, KIE, Keramahan Petugas) sebesar (90,22%, 85,36%, 99,5%). Hasil penelitian ini dapat di gunakan sebagai pemacu pelayanan kefarmasian yang lain untuk mempertahankan serta memberikan pelayanan kefarmasian kepada pasien untuk menjadi lebih baik lagi.
Kajian Pengobatan Dengue Haemoragic Fever (DHF) di Rumah Sakit Pendidikan Universitas Mataram Dwi Monika Ningrum; Denih Agus Agus Setia Permana
Lumbung Farmasi: Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Vol 4, No 1 (2023): Januari
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MATARAM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31764/lf.v4i1.8382

Abstract

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) has become a worldwide problem. Dengue Haemoraggic Fever (DHF) is a disease caused by the dengue virus through the bite of the Aedes aegypti mosquito. DHF has a high mortality rate, so there is a need for appropriate therapy to reduce morbidity. This study aims to determine how the rationality of treatment in patients with Dangue Haemorraggic Fever (DHF) at the University Hospital of Mataram for the Period January - June 2020. This study is a non-experimental descriptive study, where data was taken retrospectively obtained from records. Medical records of Dengue Haemoraggic Fever (DHF) patients at the Inpatient Installation of Mataram University Hospital Period January - June 2020. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, and 40 medical records were obtained. This research was conducted by looking at the rationality of treatment based on the right indication, the right patient, the right drug, and the right dose. The data obtained were compared with the basic guidelines for the management of DHF treatment therapy from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia in 2004. The results showed the rationality of DHF treatment seen from several aspects, namely in the use of analgesic-antipyretic drugs and maintenance fluids, appropriate indications in the use of analgesic-antipyretic drugs and maintenance fluid obtained a percentage of 100%. In addition, the exact data on antipyretic analgesic drugs was 82.5%, the exact dose of antipyretic analgesics was 55%
Diabetes mellitus in society: Increasing public awareness through a social approach Dhika Juliana Sukmana; H. Hardani; Wulan Ratia Ratulangi; A. Aini; Baiq Isti Hijriani; P. Pauzan; Nurul Hadiatun; Denih Agus Setia Permana; Dwi Monika Ningrum
Journal of Community Service and Empowerment Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): April
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22219/jcse.v4i1.24316

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a non-communicable disease with high morbidity and mortality. Lifestyle and knowledge are crucial factors in the handling and prevention of DM, but public awareness to obtain information is still low. This activity was carried out to increase public awareness in obtaining information and providing education related to DM. Preparation for the activity was carried out from 21 November 2022 and the core activities were in the form of outreach and health checks as a DM screening and were carried out on 24 November 2022. The main target for this activity were residents who had a family history of suffering from DM and risk factors such as obesity and hypertension. From this activity it was found that 90% had high blood pressure and 2 of them had fasting blood sugar levels above 300 mg/dL. In addition, it is known that public awareness to obtain information is still lacking.
Studi Potensi Interaksi Obat Pasien Covid-19 di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Mataram: Study on The Potential Drug Interactions in COVID-19 Patient at the Mataram City General Hospital Dwi Monika Ningrum; Putri Ramdaniah; Denih Agus Setia Permana; Deny Hariyadi
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy and Natural Product Vol. 6 No. 01 (2023): Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy and Natural Product
Publisher : Universitas Ngudi Waluyo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (404.136 KB) | DOI: 10.35473/ijpnp.v6i01.2202

Abstract

Covid-19 or Coronavirus disease 2019 is an acute respiratory disease caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrom Coronavirus (SARS CoV-2), which entered Indonesia in early 2020. Data on Covid-19 in West Nusa Tenggara Province (NTB) in November reported 4,550 cases. Covid-19 can cause disorders in the respiratory system, acute pneumonia to death, so researchers conducted this study which aims to see how potential drug interactions exist in patients who get Covid-19 therapy while being treated at the Mataram City Hospital for the January-December 2021 period. This research is a descriptive study conducted to get an idea of whether there are potential drug interactions that occur by conducting research objectively. Data obtained from primary data, namely medical records of patients diagnosed with Covid-19 and treated in isolation rooms. Obtained as many as 95 medical record data of Covid-19 patients in the period January - December 2021. This research is a descriptive study conducted to get an idea of whether there are potential drug interactions that occur by conducting research objectively. Data obtained from primary data, namely medical records of patients diagnosed with Covid-19 and treated in isolation rooms. As many as 95 medical record data for Covid-19 patients were obtained in the period January – December 2021. Of the 95 patients obtained, it was found that the category of drug interactions with drugs based on severity was 5.26%, moderate interactions were 42.10%, and major interactions were 3.15%.  The conclusion of this study is that the most common potential drug interactions were found with moderate severity with a percentage of 42.10% of 95 patients. ABSTRAK Covid-19 atau Coronavirus disease 2019 merupakan suatu penyakit pernapasan akut yang disebabkan oleh Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrom Coronavirus (SARS CoV-2), yang masuk ke Indonesia di awal tahun 2020. Data Covid-19 di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) pada bulan November dilaporkan sebanyak 4.550 kasus. Covid-19 dapat menyebakan gangguan pada sistem pernapasan, pneumonia akut hingga kematian, sehingga peneliti melakukan penelitian ini yang  bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana potensi adanya interaksi obat pada pasien yang mendapatkan terapi Covid-19 selama di rawat di RSUD Kota Mataram periode Januari-Desember 2021. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif yang dilakukan untuk mendapatkan gambaran apakah ada potensi interaksi obat yang terjadi dengan melakukan penelitian secara objektif. Data diperoleh dari data primer yaitu rekam medis pasien yang terdiagnosa Covid-19 dan dirawat di ruang isolasi. Diperoleh sebanyak 95 data rekam medis pasien Covid-19 pada periode Januari – Desember 2021. Dari 95 pasien yang diperoleh, ditemukan diperoleh kategori interaksi obat dengan obat berdasarkan keparahan yaitu interaksi minor sebanyak 5,26% , interaksi moderate 42,10% , dan interaksi mayor sebanyak 3,15%.  Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah potensi interaksi obat yang paling banyak ditemukan yaitu dengan tingkat keparahan moderate dengan persentase sebesar yaitu 42,10% dari 95 pasien.
Co-Authors A. Aini Ahmad - Zainudin Anita Mursiany Atri Sri Ulandari BaiqIsti Hijriani Bayani, Faizul Cokorda Istri Widya Utamiswari Deasi Wikandari Dedent Eka Bimmaharyanto S Dedent Eka Bimmaharyanto Sarsono Denih Agus Setia Permana Deny Hariyadi Depi Yuliana Dhika Juliana Sukmana Dita Retno Pratiwi Eka Septiani MS Fitri Apriliany Hardani, H Lalu Jupriadi Mukhlishah, Neneng Rachmalia Izzatul Neneng Rachmalia Izzatul Mukhlishah Neneng Rachmalia Izzatul Mukhlishah Neneng Rachmalia Izzatul Mukhlishah Neneng Rachmalia Izzatul Mukhlishah Ni Made Nuratni Nurul Hadiatun Omiati Natalia P. Pauzan Putri Ramdaniah Recta Olivia Umboro Siti Maryam Wulan Ratia Ratulangi Zulia Alfandi