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Distribution of major diseases of shallot in South Kalimantan, Indonesia SAFITRI, YUNIEKA AULIA; HASANAH, USWATUN; SALAMIAH, SALAMIAH; SAMHARINTO, SAMHARINTO; PRAMUDI, M INDAR
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol 3 No 02 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity & Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g030201

Abstract. Safitri YA, Hasanah U, Salamiah, Samharinto, Pramudi MI. 2019. Distribution of major diseases of shallot in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 3: 33-40. Shallot is a vegetable crop with high economic value, but its productivity in Indonesia is still relatively low. One of the causes is due to attack of the diseases. The research was conducted from November 2017 to April 2018, with the purpose of studying the distribution of major diseases of shallots in South Kalimantan. It consisted of field, laboratory, and greenhouse research. Field research involved the survey of shallots’ extensive planting in eight villages of six districts in South Kalimantan, disease symptoms, the broad of attack, and the collection of secondary data. Laboratory research included the isolation and identification of the pathogen causing diseases. The greenhouse research was conducted to perform the Postulate Koch test. The research result showed that there were two major diseases of shallots, namely Moler and Anthracnose. Pathogen causing Moler disease (Fusarium oxysporum) attacked shallot plant in six districts (Tabalong, Balangan, Tanah Laut, Kotabaru, Tapin, and Banjarbaru) and pathogen causing Anthracnose disease (Colletotrichum sp) attacked shallot plant in five districts (Tabalong, Balangan, Tanah Laut, Kotabaru, and Tapin).

THE POTENTIAL OF SPODOPTERA PECTINICORNIS IN CONTROLLING WATER LETTUCE (Pistia stratiotes) IN FIELD Aphrodyanti, Lyswiana; Rosa, Helda Orbani; Samharinto, Samharinto
TROPICAL WETLAND JOURNAL Vol 3, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : The Journal is published by Graduate Programe of Lambung Mangkurat University

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Spodoptera pectinicornis is a biological control agent that has a great potential to control water lettuce weeds. Its existence in nature however is still limited, so a mass propagation is needed by rearing S. pectinicornis imagoes to produce eggs and to hatch them into larvae of 4 days old. The 4-year larvae were then released by putting water lettuces that contained active larvae into the target area. Observation results on the percentage of damage in the watershed location for 5 times of observation consecutively was 25%, 50%, 50%, 75% and 90%. The magnitude of damage showed that S. pectinicornis was able to adapt well, so it could perform eating activities and cause damage to the water lettuces. Meanwhile, at the release site of rice field, the percentage of damage was 0%, 25%, 35%, 25% and 10%. The downward trend in the level of S. pectinicornis attacks was due to its inability to keep pace with the growth and development of water lettuces. High level of rainfall caused the water lettuces to increase its size and the number of its tillers so that they could colonize these waters. The fact that S. pectinicornis still has the ability to destroy the water lettuces gives great hope to the control efforts. However, thorough evaluation and assessment are required on all aspects, such as the biological control agents, weed targets, organisms associated with them, and the state of the environment so as to minimize the possibility of failure in the field. Keywords: augmentation, biological agents, Pistia stratiotes, Spodoptera pectinicornis

PEMANFAATAN ASAP CAIR DARI LIMBAH PADAT KELAPA SAWIT PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT DI LAHAN BASAH SEBAGAI INSEKTISIDA ALAMI Soedijo, Samharinto; Pramudi, Muhammad Indar; Rosa, Helda Orbani; Maulana, Ikhsan; Rima, Priska Deyana; putra, Gusti Muhammad Ahsin Anggarda
Berkala Penelitian Agronomi Vol 9, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Halu Oleo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33772/bpa.v9i2.20446

Telah dilakukan penelitian penggunaan asap cair dari limbah padat kelapa sawit berupa tandan kosong serabut dan cangkang. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mempelajari pengaruh asap cair terhadap larva Spodoptera litura di laboratrium dan kemampuan asap cair untuk mengendalikan hama daun tanaman sawi, kedelai, dan hama polong kedelai. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium dan di lapangan, di laboratorium dengan menggunakan serangga uji S. litura yang diberi pakan yang dicelupkan (sandwich daun) ke dalam asap cair dan dengan menyemperotkan asap cair langsung ke larva S. litura, sedangkan penelitian lapangan dilakukan Â Â dengan penyemprotan asap cair pada dua jenis tanaman sayuran, yaitu sawi dan kedelai .Â Hasil penelitian di laboratorium menunjukkan bahwaÂ perlakuan asap cair metode semprot lebih mampu mematikan larva S. litura dibandingkan dengan metode sandwich daun, sedangkan Â metode sandwich daun lebih mampu menghambat pembentukan imago. Penelitian lapangan secara statistik antara perlakuan asap cair tidak menunjukkan perbedaan nyata Â terhadap intensitas kerusakan daun baik pada tanaman sawi maupun Â kedelai, perbedaan nyata hanya pada berat segar tanaman sawi.

The Increase of Arthropods Biodiversity in Paddy Field Ecosystem Managed by Using Integrated Pest Management at South Borneo Samharinto, Samharinto; Abadi, Abdul Latief; Raharjo, Bambang Tri; Halim, Hakimah
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 2, No 3 (2012)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

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We have studied the arthropods biodiversity in two paddy field ecosystems, namely, paddy field ecosystem using Integrated Pest Management (IPM) system and non-IPM paddy field ecosystem. This study was conducted from April 2011 - November 2011 in three locations, that is, Pasar Kamis village and Sungai Rangas village in Banjar regency, and Guntung Payung village in Banjarbaru city, South Borneo Province. In this study, we used insect nets, yellow sticky traps, light trap and pitfall trap to get the sample or catch the arthropods in one period of planting season. The arthropods caught were then classified into some classes: pest (herbivore), natural enemy (parasitoid and predator), and other arthropods. After that, the Species Diversity Index was determined using its Shannon-Wiener Index (H), Evenness (e), Species Richness (R), and Species Similarity Index (IS). The sum of arthropods which have the characteristic of pest and parasitoid were higher in the IPM paddy fields than in the non-IPM paddy fields, and the sum of other arthropods were the same. The highest H and e values were in the IPM paddy field in Pasar Kamis village. The IS value for each three locations were 77.5% in Pasar Kamis village, 93.42% in Guntung Payung village, and 78.76% in Sungai Rangas village.Keywords: diversity, arthropods, ecosystem, and SLPHT

THE POTENTIAL OF SPODOPTERA PECTINICORNIS IN CONTROLLING WATER LETTUCE (Pistia stratiotes) IN FIELD Lyswiana Aphrodyanti; Helda Orbani Rosa; Samharinto Samharinto
TROPICAL WETLAND JOURNAL Vol 3 No 1 (2017): Tropical Wetland Journal
Publisher : Postgraduate Program - Lambung Mangkurat University (ULM Press Academic)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/twj.v3i1.40

Spodoptera pectinicornis is a biological control agent that has a great potential to control water lettuce weeds. Its existence in nature however is still limited, so a mass propagation is needed by rearing S. pectinicornis imagoes to produce eggs and to hatch them into larvae of 4 days old. The 4-year larvae were then released by putting water lettuces that contained active larvae into the target area. Observation results on the percentage of damage in the watershed location for 5 times of observation consecutively was 25%, 50%, 50%, 75% and 90%. The magnitude of damage showed that S. pectinicornis was able to adapt well, so it could perform eating activities and cause damage to the water lettuces. Meanwhile, at the release site of rice field, the percentage of damage was 0%, 25%, 35%, 25% and 10%. The downward trend in the level of S. pectinicornis attacks was due to its inability to keep pace with the growth and development of water lettuces. High level of rainfall caused the water lettuces to increase its size and the number of its tillers so that they could colonize these waters. The fact that S. pectinicornis still has the ability to destroy the water lettuces gives great hope to the control efforts. However, thorough evaluation and assessment are required on all aspects, such as the biological control agents, weed targets, organisms associated with them, and the state of the environment so as to minimize the possibility of failure in the field.

Potential of Fungi Isolate as a Biological Control of White Root Disease (Rigidoporus sp.) on Rubber Plant Mariana Mariana; Kurnia Utami Dewi; Samharinto Samharinto; Ismed Setya Budi
TROPICAL WETLAND JOURNAL Vol 6 No 1 (2020): Tropical Wetland Journal
Publisher : Postgraduate Program - Lambung Mangkurat University (ULM Press Academic)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/twj.v6i1.82

Rigidoporus Sp. is a white root fungus which is the main diseases problems on rubber plants in the wet and dry lands of South Kalimantan. An economically and ecologically beneficial control solution for this problem soil contagion was by using antagonistic fungi. This research was aimed to study the potential of rhizosphere and endophytic fungi in swampland, to control white root fungus on rubber plants. The research used exploratory method. Rhizospheric fungi were explored from swamp rubber plant roots at Pulau Damar village Hulu Sungai Utara District; endophytic fungi were isolated from leaves and jelutung swamps (Dyera lowii) which is rubber-like plants. The isolates found then were screened based on the percentage of inhibition using the dual culture method between pathogens and test isolates, also observed the interaction mechanism and viability test. The research in the laboratory was arranged using a Completely Randomized Design with one factor i.e. the type of antagonistic fungi. Five isolates which had the highest inhibitory power were isolates I13K4R, I7K3R, I1K2R, I6K2R, and I1E with successive inhibitions 95.00%, 83.00%, 76.50%, 62.50% and 53.00%. Thus, isolates have included potential antagonistic agents because they had the ability in space competition more than 50% and proven to be able to paralyze Rigidoporus. The viability test results showed that the isolate that had germination capability of more than 60% were respectively I13K4R 88.05%, I7K3R 87.33%, I1K2R 86.93%, I6K2R 72.85%, and I1E 74.78%.

Pengendalian Hama Thrips sp pada Tanaman Cabe Hiyung Fase Vegetatif dengan Beberapa Pestisida Nabati Muhaimin .; Samharinto .; Muhammad Indar Pramudi
JURNAL PROTEKSI TANAMAN TROPIKA Vol 1 No 2 (2018): Edisi Juni 2018
Publisher : www.ulm.ac.id

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Tanaman cabe merupakan salah satu sayuran buah yang memiliki peluang bisnis yang baik. Besarnya kebutuhandalam negeri maupun luar negeri menjadikan cabe sebagai komoditas menjanjikan. Permintaan cabe yang tinggi untukkebutuhan bumbu masakan, industri makanan, dan obat-obatan merupakan potensi untuk meraup keuntungan. Tidak heranjika cabe merupakan komoditas hortikultura yang mengalami fluktuasi harga paling tinggi di Indonesia. Harga cabe yangtinggi memberikan keuntungan yang tinggi pula bagi petani. Keuntungan yang diperoleh dari budidaya cabe umumnya lebihtinggi dibandingkan dengan budidaya sayuran lain. cabe pun kini menjadi komoditas ekspor yang menjanjikan. Namun,banyak kendala yang dihadapi petani dalam berbudidaya cabe. Salah satunya adalah hama dan penyakit seperti kutu kebul,hama Thrips sp, antraknosa, dan busuk buah yang menyebabkan gagal panen (BPTPH, 2011). Salah satu alternatifpengendalian serangga hama Thrips sp. yang relatif aman, murah, dan mudah diperoleh adalah pemanfaatan insektisidanabati, beberapa jenis pestisida nabati yang digunakan yaitu Brotowali, Nimba, Sirsak dan Kalakai. Penelitian dilaksanakandi lahan Petanian di Desa Marga Mulya Kecamatan Sungai Loban Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu. Penelitian ini dilaksanankanpada bulan Agustus sampai dengan bulan Oktober 2016. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah metode percobaandengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri dari 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan sehingga diperlukan 20 satuanpercobaan. hasil penelitian Pestisida yang paling berpengaruh dalam menekan serangan hama Thrips sp pada tanaman cabeadalah Nimba, Nilai rata-rata intensitas serangan hama Thrips sp pada tanaman cabe yang diberi aplikasi larutan daun Nimba,Kelakai, Brotowali dan Sirsak secara berturut-turut sebesar 4,98%; 13,75%; 8,88% dan 9,98%; sedangkan nilai rata-rataintensitas serangan hama Thrips sp pada tanaman cabe yang tidak diberi aplikasi larutan apapun (kontrol) sebesar 20,53%.`

Pengaruh Beberapa Pestisida Nabati Terhadap Hama Polong Kedelai (Glycine max L. Merr) di Lahan Rawa Pasang Surut Carlo Kristson Bolla; Samharinto .; Elly Liestiany
JURNAL PROTEKSI TANAMAN TROPIKA Vol 1 No 3 (2018): Edisi Oktober 2018
Publisher : www.ulm.ac.id

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Seiring dengan meningkatnya kebutuhan kedelai tingkat produksinya terus menyurun, sehingga impor kedelai mencapai40% dari kebutuhan nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemanjuran beberapa pestisida nabati berbahantumbuhan terhadap hama polong kedelai. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok delapan perlakuan,terdiri dari lima bahan uji pestisida nabati yaitu Cabe Jawa, Sirih Hutan, Kepayang, Kirinyuh dan Bintaro, tiga bahanpembanding yaitu air, pestisida sintesis dan satu bahan pestisida nabati Mimba. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kerusakanterendah setelah Kimia adalah Kepayang dengan kerusakan 33,25% dilanjutkan perlakuan Kirinyuh dengan kerusakan36,77% dan Bintaro dengan kerusakan 37,98%, sedangkan pada perlakuan Mimba dengan kerusakan 44,87% tidak berbedanyata dengan Cabe Jawa dengan kerusakan 45,56% dan Tanpa Insektisida dengan kerusakan 46,81% tidak berbeda nyatadengan Sirih Hutan dengan kerusakan 46,87%.

Kemanjuran Insektisida Nabati Terhadap Hama Pemakan Daun Kacang Kedelai Pada Fase Vegetatif di Lahan Rawa Pasang Surut Surya Abdi; Samharinto .; Muhammad Indar Pramudi
JURNAL PROTEKSI TANAMAN TROPIKA Vol 2 No 1 (2019): Edisi Februari 2019
Publisher : www.ulm.ac.id

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Tanaman kedelai merupakan tanaman budidaya yang rentan terserang hama, terutama hama yang menyerang pada bagian daun. Serangan hama dapat menurunkan produktivitas hasil tanaman kedelai. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kemanjuran beberapa insektisida nabati untuk mengendalikan hama pemakan daun tanaman kedelai. Dilaksanakan selama 4 bulan dari bulan Agustus–November 2017 di Desa Kolam Kiri Kecamatan Barambai Barito Kuala dengan delapan perlakuan, lima bahan uji insektisida nabati yaitu Kepayang, Sirih hutan, Kirinyuh, Bintaro dan Cabai Jawa, tiga bahan pembanding yaitu air, insektisda sintetis dan satu insektisida nabati Mimba. Pestisida kimia merupakan pestisida yang terbukti manjur mengendalikan hama pemakan daun dengan persentase kerusakan paling rendah diantara perlakuan lain sebesar 3,47% berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan lainnya yaitu Mimba (6,24%), Bintaro (6,41%), Kirinyu (6,69%), Sirih Hutan (6,70%), Cabai Jawa (6,96%) dan kepayang (7.03%).

Pengaruh Pemberian Larutan Tumbuhan Sebagai Pestisida Nabati dalam Mengendalikan Wereng Batang Coklat (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) M Agus Khairani; Samharinto Soedijo; Noor Aidawati
JURNAL PROTEKSI TANAMAN TROPIKA Vol 2 No 2 (2019): edisi Juni 2019
Publisher : www.ulm.ac.id

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Dalam budidaya tanaman padi masih ada permasalahan-permasalahan yang menyebabkan produksi belum optimal, salah satunya adalah adanya gangguan Wereng Batang Coklat atau WBC (Nilaparvata lugens). Keberadaan WBC dapat mengakibatkan kerusakan pada tanaman padi. Upaya pengendalian WBC masih bergantung pada penggunaan pestisida sintetik sehingga digunakan pestisida nabati untuk mengatasinya. Pelaksanaan penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi beberapa larutan tumbuhan (larutan buah pinang, buah mengkudu, kulit pohon kepayang dan daun loa) sebagai pestisida nabati dalam mengendalikan WBC. Penelitian ini menggunakan RAL satu faktor (enam perlakuan, setiap perlakuan empat ulangan), sehingga diperoleh 24 satuan percobaan. Pemberian pestisida nabati buah pinang, buah mengkudu, kulit pohon kepayang dan daun loa berpotensi dalam mengendalikan WBC.

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