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Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis

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Published by Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

ISSN : - EISSN : 16933834 DOI : -

Core Subject : Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

Jurnal ini mempublikasikan artikel asli baik penelitian dasar maupun terapan di bidang ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi kayu, bahan berlignoselulosa bukan kayu, hasil hutan lainnya dan industri hasil hutan.

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Articles 316 Documents

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The Effect of Microwave Heating on Permeability of Bamboo Krisdianto Krisdianto
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 6, No 2 (2008): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Bamboos are plants of enormous importance to the rural people in several regions of Asia. In spite of its many excellent properties; bamboo is liable to biological deterioration. Therefore, a preservative treatment is regarded as necessary. Many methods have been developed to increase the durability of bamboo. However, most of the methods take a long time and in most cases the vessels do not take enough liquid to preserve the surrounding fibres and parenchyma. This study is aimed to observe the effect of microwave heating on bamboo permeability. The study evaluates the moisture content reduction, resin uptake and saturation as well as resin distribution.The result shows that microwave heating is able to reduce the moisture content reduction of both round and split bamboo up to 93% in about 3 minutes. The microwave heating increases the resin uptake of microwave treated bamboo up to 3 ~ 5 times. The resin saturation also improves to about 2.5 ~ 3 times (before curing) and about 4 ~ 5 times (after curing). Resin penetrates mostly through radial checks that occur during drying. Microwave heated samples shows more blackened area in ground parenchyma tissue than non-treated samples, which indicates that the resin was distributed more evenly. It is concluded that microwave heating leads to improve of bamboo permeability. It is recommended that further research be carried out to establish a microwave regime for optimal bamboo permeability.

Resin Duct Anatomical Structure of High Resin Yielder Pinus merkusii Arida Susilowati; Imam Wahyudi; Supriyanto Supriyanto; Iskandar Z Siregar; Corryanti Corryanti; Apri H Iswanto
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 11, No 2 (2013): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

The objective of this research was to characterize resin duct anatomical structure of high resin yielder pine (Pinus merkusii) that influences resin production. Samples were collected from high resin yielder pine with different resin production class from seedling seed orchard Cijambu, Sumedang and normal trees from Bogor. Samples than evaluated through microscopic and macroscopic observation to get information about some parameter related to resin duct. The result on anatomical structure characterization showed that high resin yielder trees compared to that of normal one are as followed: darker in wood colour (reddish brown compared to creamy white), higher in number of axial resin duct (9.401.68 mm-2 to 101.30 mm-2 compared to 40.96 mm-2), wider in resin duct diameter (468.8998.72 μm to 562.11181.62 μm compared to 109.4211.26 μm), thicker in epithelium cell (50.81 12.20 μm to 58.599.55 μm compared to 23.1787 μm). These differences may affect to quantity of resin yielder compared to normal producer.Key words: anatomical structure, epithelium, high resin yielder, Pinus merkusii, resin duct

The Resistance of Laminated Bamboo Boards to Subterranean Termite (Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren) Ignasia M Sulastiningsih; Jasni Jasni
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 10, No 1 (2012): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

This study investigated the resistance of three-layer laminated bamboo boards (LBB’s) to subterranean termites (Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren) according to the Indonesian standard (SNI 01.7207-2006). Bamboo strips for LBB fabrication were prepared from Gigantochloa pseudoarundinacea and assigned into 4 groups by pre-treatment methods namely: untreated, cold soaking in 5% boron solution for 2 hours, bleached by 17.5% and 20% hydrogen peroxide solutions. The LBB was formed by tannin resorcinol formaldehyde (TRF). Wheat flour was used as extender with two different concentrations (i.e., 2.5% and 5%) based on TRF weight. The results indicated that the resistances of LBB’s were much affected by pre-treatment methods. Applying different concentration of extender in TRF resin resulted in similar termite resistance of LBB’s against C. curvignathus Holmgren. Pre-treated of bamboo strips with 5% boron solution and bleached by 17.5% and 20% hydrogen peroxide solutions prior to be LBB manufactured improved the termite reistance of LBB’s against C. curvignathus Holmgren one level compared to untreated LBB. The termite-resistance of LBB made from untreated bamboo strips was categorized as class IV (poor) whereas those from boron- or hydrogen peroxide-treated bamboo strips belonged to class III (moderate).Key words: boron solution, hydrogen peroxide, laminated bamboo board, subterranean termite, tannin resorcinol formaldehyde

Pemanfaatan Limbah Tandan Kosong dari Industri Pengolahan Kelapa Sawit untuk Papan Partikel dengan Perekat Penol Formaldehida Utilization of Empty Fruit Bunch Waste from Oil Palm Industry for Particleboard Using Phenol Formaldehyde Adhesive Bambang Subiyanto; Subyakto Subyakto; Sudijono Sudijono; Mohamad Gopar; Sasa Sofyan Munawar
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 2, No 2 (2004): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) is waste from oil palm industry that has potential to be used as particleboard material. Production of particleboard might be useful to decrease the waste from oil palm industry. The problem in using waste from oil palm is the high extractive content that can decrease adhesive properties in panel production using thermoplastic adhesive, cement or thermosetting adhesive. The problem can be solved by special treatment to oil palm waste to decrease the extractives content. The objective of this research is to observe the influence of some treatments of EFB, density and adhesive content on the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard using phenol formaldehyde adhesive. Adhesive content used were 8%, 10% and 12% from oven dry weight of particles, while density was varied at 0.6 g/cm3, 0.7 g/cm3, and 0.8 g/cm3. Pre-treatment for EFB particles were cold water soaking for 24 hours, hot water boiling for 2 hours, Ca(OH)2 1 % solvent boiling for 2 hours and NaOH 1 % solvent boiling for 2 hours.The results showed that cold water soaking treatment for 24 hours and hot water boiling for 2 hours was the optimum treatment. The optimum content of adhesive was 10% with minimum density of 0.7 g/cm3. Thickness swelling for all type of EFB particleboards were not met the JIS A-5908, while internal bond, screw withdrawal and modulus of rupture (MOR) were met the type 8 of JIS A-5908 (1994).

Pengaruh Durasi Steam terhadap Kualitas Arang Aktif Limbah Sagu (The Effect of Steam Duration on Quality and Characteristics of Activated Charcoal of Sago Waste) Siruru, Herman; Syafii, Wasrin; Wistara, Nyoman J; Pari, Gustan
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 16, No 2 (2018): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis

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Sago waste is a potential biomass that can be used as active charcoal raw material. The objectives of this research were to know the effect of steam duration on quality and characteristics of activated charcoal of sago waste. Carbonization process was carried out at 400 ⁰C for four hours, then activation was carried out at 100 ml bar steam pressure, at a temperature of 800 ⁰C with variations of steam duration 60, 80 and 100 minutes and activation without steam, only heating for 60 minutes. The proximate test used the SNI standard, observed the functional group using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) and observed the active charcoal structure using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the yield, moisture content, volatile, ash content, fixed carbon, iodine absorption of activated charcoal of sago bark and sago soft core were, respectively, 39.22–84.10%, 4.63–6.39%, 3.03–5.06%, 7.74–33.43%, 61.54–88.63%, 158.60–972.60 mg g-1. XRD analyzes showed that the degree of crystalline activated charcoal of sago bark waste with the highest steam time of 100 minutes (35.98%) compared with the degree of crystalline other activated charcoal is only about 20.57-7.30%. FTIR spectroscopy results from activated charcoal of sago waste also identified nitrogen compounds such as NO2 at wave numbers 1370-1390 cm-1; 1530-1560 cm-1; 1620-1660 cm-1 and phosphorus compounds such as P-S at 200-500 cm-1 wave number; P=S at the wave number 500-850 cm-1.Keywords: carbonization, active charcoal, sago, steam

Kraft and Soda Pulping of White Rot Pretreated Betung Bamboo Widya Fatriasari; Riksfardini A Ermawar; Faizatul Falah; Dede HY Yanto; Deddy TN Adi; Sita H Anita; Euis Hermiati
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 9, No 1 (2011): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

This research was conducted to study the effects of pre-treatment with white-rot fungi on pulp properties of betung bamboo. Inoculum stocks of white-rot fungi (25 ml) were injected into polybags contained barkless fresh bamboo chips. Each polybag contained 214.9–286.8 g oven dry weight of chips. Bamboo chips in the polybags were inoculated by Pleurotus ostreatus and Trametes versicolor. Both of them were then incubated for 30 and 45 days at room temperature. Bamboo chips were cooked using soda and Kraft processes. The cooked bamboo chips were then defiberize using disc refiner for 3 times. Pulp yield, kappa number and degree of freeness of the pulp were then analyzed. The treatment of two white rot fungi, gave different effects on the characteristic of betung bamboo pulp. The effects of fungi treatment on kappa number and degree of freeness can be seen only at samples cooked using kraft process. Incubation time did not affect pulp yield of bamboo treated with both fungi, but it affected kappa number and degree of freeness of bamboo pulp cooked using kraft process. Bamboo treated with T. versicolor incubated for 45 days and cooked using kraft process produced the best pulp quality with high pulp yield.Key words: betung bamboo, biopulping, degree of freeness, kappa number, pulp yield.

Karakterisasi Sifat-Sifat Arang Kompos dari Limbah Padat Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guinensis Jack) Characterization of Compost Charcoals Properties from Oil Palm Solid Waste Erlidawati Erlidawati; Abdul G Haji; M. Nasir Mara; Asri Gani; Sarwo Edi; Diana I Sari
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 7, No 2 (2009): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Oil palm solid waste especially fruit and empty bunches are hard to decompose naturally in the environment because fruit bark still contains oil and empty bunches contain cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin with relatively similar levels. In this research, the quality of compost charcoals from raw materials of oil palm solid waste was studied.Oil palm empty bunches were pyrolized in a drum reactor at optimum temperature. Charcoals were milled and mixed with oil palm fruit bark to make compost charcoals by using biodecomposer Dobura1 and EM-4. Compost charcoals were characterized and their qualities were compared with the organic waste compost in accordance with SNI-19-7030-2004.The production of compost charcoals in all treatments in this research indicated that the fluctuating temperatures were changes especially in the first day and in the second day until the fourth day, decreased gradually and then rose again slowly. pH values in all treatments showed a very sharp increase in the first day, except for control that were rose up to the second day, whereas in the third day they all showed a rather sharp decrease, then in the fourth day and forth rose again slowly. The weight shrinkage of compost charcoals in all treatments occurred significantly until the sixty day. Compost charcoals that were produced in all composting treatments fulfilled the compost quality of domestic waste in accordance with SNI-19-7030-2004.

Bond Ability of Oil Palm Xylem with Isocyanate Adhesive Atmawi Darwis; Muhammad Y Massijaya; Naresworo Nugroho; Eka M Alamsyah; Dodik R Nurrochmat
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 12, No 1 (2014): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Oil palm xylem composed of vascular bundles and parenchyma tissue and directly related to its properties. Utilization of oil palm xylem into the wood laminate products requires information on its bond ability to adhesive used. Isocyanate adhesive is a prospective adhesive due to its various advantages compared to other adhesives. This study aimed to obtain information about the bond ability of the oil palm xylem with isocyanate adhesive. The results showed that isocyanate adhesive has good wettability on oil palm xylem indicated by its contact angle of below 90°. Isocyanate adhesive also showed good performance by looking at the value of wood failure and delamination. However, the shear strength of laminated oil palm xylem was low. Wood failure occurred in the parenchymal tissues region.Key words: bond ability, isocyanates, laminated board, oil palm xylem

Chemical Compositions of Hydrocolloids Produced from Nutlets of Salvias Rike Yudianti; Lucia Indrarti; Myrtha Karina; Masahiro Sakamoto; Jun-ichi Azuma
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 5, No 1 (2007): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Hydrocolloids of three species of Salvias (S. miltiorrhiza, S. sclarea and S. viridis) was analyzed their chemical compositions after isolation of hydrocolloids from seed coats. Isolation was conducted after expanding out completely in water. Hydrocolloids produced from S. miltiorrhiza, S. sclarea and S. viridis have cellulose contents about 18.6%, 25.3% and 35.4% and hemicelluloses contents about 80%, 73.4% and 62%, respectively. Native hydrocolloids produced from S. sclarea and S. viridis were rich in glucose about 48.6% and 55.4%, respectively, while the other one, S. miltiorrhiza, was rich in xylose, about 85.1%. Distribution of these polysaccharides in S. miltiorrhiza, S. sclarea and S. viridis were 86.5%, 71.0% and 63.2% (acidic polysaccharides) and 13.8%, 29.0% and 36.5% (neutral polysaccharide), respectively. Acidic polysaccharides of hydrocolloids produced from three species of Salvias contain high amount of xylose (88.8 ~ 91.9%). Neutral sugar compositions in neutral polysaccharides of hydrocolloids produced from three species of Salvias, however, were rich in glucose (25.7 ~ 37.5%) and galactose (31.3 ~ 60.4%), the ratio being changed depending on species. Acidic sugar in the acidic polysaccharides from three Salvia spp. was identified as glucuronic acid by High Performance Anion Exchange Chromatography (HPAEC). Glucuronic acid contents in the acidic fractions of S. miltiorrhiza, S. sclarea, S. viridis were estimated about 25%, 22% and 27%, respectively. These results elucidate that hydrocolloids have amorphous structure containing branch glucuronic acid in acidic polysaccharides structure. The present of glucuronic acid is predicted attach to xylan.

Characteristics of Sengon Rotary-Cut Veneer Abigael Kabe; Wayan Darmawan; Muhammad Y Massijaya
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 10, No 2 (2012): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Fast growing sengon is largely rotary-cut to produce veneer for plywood, com-ply and LVL. In order to provide better information on veneer production and utilization, in this study the effects of wood juvenility and veneer thickness on lathe checks of sengon rotary-cut veneer were evaluated. Before veneer manufacturing, the sengon log was boiled at 50 and 75 oC for 4 and 8 h, respectively. The boiled logs were peeled to produce veneer of 1 and 2 mm in thickness. Lathe checks of veneers were measured under an optical video microscope. The rotary-cut veneer was grouped and evaluated separately at every segmented ring of 2 cm from pith to bark. The results showed that wood juvenility and veneer thickness had an important effect on lathe checks for the rotary-cut veneer. In general, the number of lathe check of the veneer increases with increasing veneer thickness and increase from pith to bark. Boiling of logs before rotary-cutting could decrease the value of lathe check. The results indicated that boiling of logs at 50 oC for 8 h, and at 75 oC for 4 and 8 h could minimize the number of lathe checks in manufacturing of 1 and 2 mm rotary-cut veneer from juvenile wood sengon.Key words: juvenility, lathe check, Paraserianthes falcataria, rotary-cut veneer, veneer thickness

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