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Sains & Matematika
Published by Universitas Negeri Surabaya
ISSN : 23027290     EISSN : 25461835     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Education,
Astronomy Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Mathematics Physics
Jurnal ini menerbitkan artikel asli hasil penelitian di bidang biologi, fisika, kimia, dan matematika. Redaksi hanya menerima naskah asli yang belum pernah dipublikasikan dan tidak sedang dalam proses penerbitan di jurnal lain. Naskah dapat ditulis dalam bahasa Indonesia, sesuai dengan ejaan yang baik dan benar atau bahasa Inggris yang baik dan benar.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 188 Documents
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POTENSI EKSTRAK PIPER METHYSTICUM (PIPERACEAE) SEBAGAI INSEKTISIDA BOTANI UNTUK PENGENDALIAN HAMA PLUTELLA XYLOSTELLA Lestari, Martina S; Himawan, Toto; Retnowati, Rurini
Sains & Matematika Vol 3, No 1 (2014): Oktober, Sains & Matematika
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Dampak negatif yang disebabkan oleh insektisida sintetik, menjadikan insektisida botani sebagai alternatif dalam pengendalian hama tanaman. Piper methysticum merupakan tanaman obat yang berasal dari Papua yang mempunyai potensi sebagai insektisida botani. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji aktivitas ekstrak n-hexane dan etil asetat P. methysticum sebagai insektisida, hambatan makan atau antifeedant dan penghambatan berat larva P. xylostella. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan beberapa perlakuan konsentrasi ekstrak n-hexane dan etil asetat P. methysticum, yaitu konsentrasi 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 3500, dan 4000 ppm. Pengujian menggunakan metode celup pakan, setiap perlakuan menggunakan 20 larva dan diulang empat kali. Data yang diperoleh adalah mortalitas larva, jumlah pakan yang dimakan dan pertambahan berat larva P. xylostella dari intar II sampai menjadi pupa. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis varians dengan uji lanjut jarak berganda Duncan. Nilai LC50 ditentukan dengan analisis probit menggunakan program POLO PC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun P. methysticum mempunyai sifat insektisida, antifeedant dan penghambat berat larva P. xylostella. Ekstrak n-hexane daun P. methysticum memperlihatkan aktivitas insektisida yang paling kuat dengan tingkat mortalitas 63,33% dengan LC50 4,047 ppm, konsentrasi 0,015-0,38% menyebabkan hambatan makan 11,69- 85,54% dan hambatan berat larva 34,75-81,88%. The negative impact caused by synthetic insecticides, encorages the use of botanical insecticides as an alternative in the control of plant pests. Piper methysticum is a native medicinal plant of Papua which has potential as a botanical insecticide. This study aimed to extract the activity of n-hexane and ethyl acetate P. methysticum as insecticides, barriers eat or antifeedant and severe inhibition of P. xylostella larvae. Research was carried out using completely randomized design with multiple treatment concentration of n-hexane extract and ethyl acetate P. methysticum is a concentration of 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 3500 and 4000 ppm. Tests using food dye method, each using 20 larvae and the treatment was repeated four times. The data obtained was mortality of larvae, the amount of eaten feed and the gained weight of instar II larvae of P. xylostella to become pupae. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance with multiple range test Duncant further. LC50 values determined by probit your analysis using the program POLO PC. The results showed that the leaf extract of P. methysticum have insecticidal properties, antifeedant and inhibitors of P. xylostella larval weight. N-hexane extract of leaves of P. methysticum showed that the most potent insecticidal activity with a mortality rate of 63.33% with LC50 4,047 ppm, the concentration of 0.015 to 0.38% lead barriers and obstacles to eat from 11.69 to 85.54% weight of larvae 34, 75 to 81.88%.
BIOREMEDIASI LIMBAH MINYAK BUMI DENGAN TEKNIK BIOPILE DI LAPANGAN KLAMONO PAPUA Munawar, Munawar; Zaidan, Zaidan
Sains & Matematika Vol 1, No 2 (2013): April, Sains & Matematika
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Research of bioremediation of petroleum waste by indigenous petrophilic bacteria with biopile techniques at Klamono Area in Papua has been done. Petroleum waste was derived from various sources, namely tank cleaning, oil spills, oil catcher, leaking pipes, and drilling wastes containing oil residue. Preparation of petroleum waste has been done by adding wood sawdust as a bulking agent as much as 10% (w/w), the ratio of C: N: P: K = 100:5:1; 0.1 and mixed cultures of indigenous petrophilic bacterial isolated from the sources of the waste that has been collected in a storage-pit that Pseudomonas sp. (PSP01), Pseudomonas sp. (PSP05), and Bacillus sp. (PSP03) with 1:1:1 ratio of 0.5% (v/w). During the bioremediation process was aerated at a rate of 1 liter/jam/m3. Monitoring process have been done every week by doing the sampling with multiple sampling method to determine the five stations and each station has determined three sampling points,namelythe surface, middle and bottom based on the depth, samples have been obtained pooled and analyzed. The results showed that a decline in Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) of 91.04% for six weeks. Total bacterial populations during bioremediation processes ranging 103 to 108 CFU/gram of soil. In addition at the end of the observation showed that the toxic aromatic compounds benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) showed concentrations under the Environmental Quality Standards. Thus, indigenous petrophilic bacteria effective as biological agents in the bioremediation of petroleum waste by biopile method. 
KARAKTERISTIK REDUCED GRAPHENE OXIDE (RGO) BERBAHAN DASAR LIMBAH BATANG PADI Rahayu, Puji; Putri, Nugrahani Primary; Rohmawati, Lydia
Sains & Matematika Vol 6, No 1 (2017): Oktober, Sains & Matematika
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Sebagai negara agraris, Indonesia memiliki lahan persawahan yang sangat luas. Padi yang kemudian diolah menjadi beras merupakan bahan pangan utama masyarakat Indonesia. Batang padi selama ini dibuang sebagai limbah dan tidak termanfaatkan dengan baik, padahal dengan kandungan karbon didalamnya, batang padi dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan dasar reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh variasi suhu pemanasan terhadap nilai kapasitansi dan morfologi rGO berbahan dasar limbah batang padi. Pembuatan rGO meliputi beberapa tahap, yaitu dehidrasi, karbonasi dan kalsinasi. Tahap dehidrasi dilakukan pada suhu 110?C selama 12 jam yang dilanjutkan dengan karbonasi pada suhu 400?C selama 1,5 jam. Sampel karbon hasil karbonasi diuji proximate untuk menentukan kandungan fixed carbon pada sampel, dan diuji Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) untuk mengetahui posisi perubahan massa bila dikenai perubahan suhu. Dari hasil uji proximate dan TGA diketahui bahwa kandungan fixed carbon adalah 18,23% dan perubahan massa terjadi pada suhu 200?C hingga 350?C. Langkah selanjutnya dilakukan tahap karbonasi dengan variasi suhu, dan dilakukan uji X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) dan Voltametri siklik. Hasil karakerterisasi XRD diidentifikasi keberadaan puncak rGO dan GO. Nilai kapasitansi rGO dari batang padi cukup kecil bila dibandingkan dengan rGO komersial. As an agrarian country, Indonesia has a very large rice field. Rice which is then processed into rice is the main foodstuff of the Indonesian people. Rice stalks have been thrown away as waste and are not utilized properly, whereas with the carbon content in them, rice stems can be used as a basis for reduced graphene oxide (rGO). This study aims to analyze the effect of heating temperature variations on the capacitance and morphological values of rGO based on rice stem waste. Making RGO includes several stages, namely dehydration, carbonation and calcination. The dehydration stage is carried out at 110?C for 12 hours followed by carbonation at 400?C for 1.5 hours. Carbon samples from carbonation results were tested proximate to determine the fixed carbon content of the samples, and tested by Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) to determine the position of changes in mass when subjected to changes in temperature. From the proximate and TGA test results it is known that the fixed carbon content is 18.23% and mass changes occur at temperatures of 200 ° C to 350 ° C. The next step is the carbonation stage with temperature variations, and the X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) and cyclic voltammetry tests are performed. From the results of XRD characterization identified the existence of the peak rGO and GO. The capacitance value of rGO from rice stalks is quite small when compared to commercial ones.
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI ISOLAT BAKTERI YANG BERASOSIASI DENGAN SPONS DEMOSPONGIAE DARI PANTAI PACIRAN LAMONGAN Judianti, Oki W.D; Fiqri, M.M; Ansyori-KM, M.K; Trimulyono, Guntur
Sains & Matematika Vol 2, No 2 (2014): April, Sains & Matematika
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The sponges are potential to associate with bacterial isolates producing antibacterial compounds. This study was conducted toisolate and test the antibacterial activity of bacterial isolates associated with Demospongiae (Spongia sp. and Hippospongia sp.) fromPaciran Beach, Lamongan. Isolation of bacteria was done by using the pour plate method then purified by using the streak plate method.The antibacterial assay were conducted by using Escherichia coli FNCC 0091 and Staphylococcus aureus 0047 FNCC based on welldiffusion assay. There were 38 isolates of bacteria associated with sponges and two of them revealed the antibacterial activity againstE. coli FNCC 0091, while four other isolates showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus FNCC 0047. The isolates were B413, B48,B47, B410, B52, and B53. B48 has the highest antibacterial activity against E. coli FNCC 0091 and the inhibition zone diameter was37 mm, while B52 has the highest antibacterial activity against S. aureus FNCC 0047 and the inhibition zone diameter was 31 mm.
PEMANFAATAN SABUT SIWALAN UNTUK PEMBUATAN KARBON AKTIF SEBAGAI ADSORBEN LIMBAH PEWARNA INDUSTRI BATIK Heriono, Heriono; Rusmini, Rusmini
Sains & Matematika Vol 4, No 1 (2015): Oktober, Sains & Matematika
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik karbon aktif sabut siwalan sebagai adsorben, pengaruh massa dan waktu interaksi terhadap kemampuan adsorpsi rhodamin B. Variasi massa karbon aktif sabut siwalan terhadap adsorpsi rhodamin B pada berbagai variasi massa yaitu 0,1; 0,2; 0,3; 0,4; dan 0,5 gram dengan lama waktu interaksi 90 menit dan berbagai variasi waktu yaitu 30, 60, 90, 120, dan 150 menit dengan massa adsorben 0,3 gram. Penelitian dilakukan pada dua tahap. Tahap pertama pembuatan karbon aktif dari sabut siwalan. Hasil penelitian tahap pertama menunjukkan bahwa kandungan air dan abu pada karbon aktif sabut siwalam secara berturut-turut adalah 3,0622% dan 9,1429%. Hasil surface area analyzer menunjukkan luas permukaan dan rerata jari-jari pori berturut-turut sebesar 3,160 m2/g dan 3,199Å. Penelitian tahap kedua menguji aktivitas karbon aktif dari sabut siwalan dengan rhodamin B pada variasi massa dan waktu interaksi menunjukkan variasi massa berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan adsorpsi rhodamin B, waktu kontak optimum pada massa 0,3 gram dengan hasil rhodamin B teradsorp 67,59%. Selain itu, variasi waktu juga berpengaruh pada kemampuan mengadsorpsi rhodamin B, waktu kontak optimum pada waktu 90 menit dengan hasil rhodamin B teradsorp 58,95%. This study aimed to analyze the characteristic of activated carbon made from siwalan (palmyra palm) fi ber as adsorbent, the effect of the addition of various mass of siwalan fi ber and interaction time to the adsorption ability of rhodamine B. The various mass of siwalan fi ber used were 0.1; 0.2; 0.3; 0.4; and 0.5 grams with interaction time 90 minutes. In addition, various of interaction time were used, namely 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 minutes with mass of adsorbent 0,3 grams. The study was conducted in two stages. The fi rst stage was making activated carbon from siwalan fi ber. The fi rst phase result showed that the content of water and ash in the activated carbon from siwalan fi ber were 3.0622% and 9.1429% respectively. The results of surface area analyzer showed that surface area and average pore radius were 3.160 m2/g and 3.199Å respectively. The second phase testing the activity of activated carbon from siwalan fi ber with rhodamine B in the variation of mass and interaction time result showed a mass 0.3 grams with the result of adsorbent rhodamine B was 67.59%. In addition, the time variation also affected the ability to adsorb rhodamine B. The optimum contact time of 90 minutes with result of adsorbent rhodamine B was 58,95%.
BIOKONVERSI SAMPAH ORGANIK PASAR MENJADI BIOGAS MENGGUNAKAN STARTER EFFECTIVE MICROORGANISMS (EM4) Sanjaya, I Gusti Made
Sains & Matematika Vol 1, No 1 (2012): Oktober, Sains & Matematika
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Bioconversion of organic waste into biogas has been studied using a variation of effective micro-organisms starter, EM4. Optimum bioconversion resulted in the addition of EM4 9% to produce biogas as much as 328.17 ml. Biogas at optimum bioconversion conditions had the composition of methane gas 61.97% and 36.04% carbon dioxide. 
SINTESIS LAPISAN TIPIS PANI/PVA SEBAGAI BAHAN ELEKTROKROMIK Novita, Ria; Putri, Nugrahani Primary
Sains & Matematika Vol 5, No 2 (2017): April, Sains & Matematika
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Polianilin (PANi) merupakan bahan polimer konduktif yang banyak diteliti dikarenakan memiliki karakteristik yang unik yaitu, konduktivitas listrik yang baik, sifat optik yang baik dan stabil terhadap lingkungan. PANi dapat digunakan dalam berbagai aplikasi, salah satunya sebagai bahan elektrokromik. Bahan elektrokromik merupakan bahan yang dapat berubah warna secara reversible jika diberi beda potensial. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan sintesis PANi/PVA dengan metode polimerisasi emulsi dan deposisi lapisan tipis dengan metode spin-coating menggunakan substrat Indium tin Oxide (ITO). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik awal lapisan tipis PANi/PVA sebagai bahan elektrokromik meliputi reversibilitas, nilai band gap dan nilai absorbansi pada pemberian potensial yang berbeda.  Metode karakterisasi yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini adalah Uji FTIR, Uji Voltametri Siklik, Uji UV-Vis, dan SEM. Dari pengujian FTIR PANi/PVA terlihat bahwa pola serapan khas dari kedua polimer masih muncul yaitu pada puncak 669,32 cm-1, 1114,89 cm-1, 1265,35 cm-1, 1458,23 cm-1, dan 1654,98 cm-1yang merupakan puncak khas milik polianilin sedangkan pada puncak 1654,98 cm-1, 2929,97 cm-1, dan 3448,84 cm-1  merupakan puncak khas PVA. Dari data Voltametri Siklik lapisan tipis bersifat reversible dan ada puncak oksidasi pada potensial 0,4 V dan 0,74 V, sedangkan puncak reduksi pada potensial 0,45 V dan 0,22 V. Dari data pengujian UV-Vis didapatkan nilai absorbansi PANi/PVA tertinggi adalah 0,80 pada potensial 0,75 V dan memiliki nilai energi band gap sebesar 3,1-4,1 eV. Dari hasil pengujian SEM didapatkan bahwa persebaran PVA sudah cukup merata dan hanya sedikit terlihat retakan. Polyaniline (PANi) is a conductive polymer material that has been widely studied because it has unique characteristics namely, good electrical conductivity, and good optical properties and is stable to the environment. PANi can be used in a variety of applications, one of which is as an electrochromic material. Electrochromic material is a material that can change color reversibly if given a potential difference. In this research, PANi/PVA synthesis was carried out by emulsion polymerization method and thin layer deposition via spin-coating method using Indium tin Oxide (ITO) substrate. The purpose of this study was to determine the initial characteristics of PANi/PVA thin films as electrochromic materials including reversibility, band gap values and absorbance values at different potential applications. The characterization methods used in this study were FTIR Test, Cyclic Voltammetry Test, UV-Vis Test, and SEM. From the PANi/PVA FTIR test it is seen that the typical absorption patterns of the two polymers still appear at the peak 669.32 cm-1, 1114.89 cm-1, 1265.35 cm-1, 1458.23 cm-1, and 1654, 98 cm-1 which is the typical peak of PANi while at the peak 1654.98 cm-1, 2929.97 cm-1, and 3448.84 cm-1 is the typical peak of PVA. From the data of cyclic voltammetry the film is reversible and there is an oxidation peak at a potential of 0.4 V and 0.74 V, whereas a reduction peak at a potential of 0.45 V and 0.22 V. From the UV-Vis test data, the highest PANi/PVA absorbance value is 0.80 at a potential of 0.75 V and has a band gap energy value of 3.1-4.1 eV. From the SEM test results found that the spread of PVA is quite evenly distributed and only slightly visible cracks.
LEMMA HENSTOCK UNTUK SUATU FUNGSI BERNILAI VEKTOR DI DALAM RUANG METRIK KOMPAK LOKAL Manuharawati, Manuharawati
Sains & Matematika Vol 2, No 1 (2013): Oktober, Sains & Matematika
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Based on an interval system S in a locally compact metric space, we have a cell in a locally compact metric space, i.e. an interval compact in S. In addition, if a cell E and a function d : E ® R+ are given, we have proven the exsistence of Perron d ® fine partition on E. Using a Perron d ® fine partition on a cell E, we can contruct a Henstock integral of a real valued function in a locally metric space nondiscrete. By generalizing a range function of its function, i.e. from a set of all real numbers to a vector space, we can construct a Henstock integral of a vector valued function on a cell in locally metric space nondiscrete. This research used a method of literature study, which was done by examining relative integral theories, building new concepts and proving theorems using logical mathematic reasoning as well as right calculation.
ISOLASI DAN KARAKTERISASI BACILLUS SP. PELARUT FOSFAT DARI RHIZOSFER TANAMAN LEGUMINOSAE Mukamto, Mukamto; Ulfa, Syazwani; Mahalina, Weda; Syauqi, Ahmad; Istiqfaroh, Laila; Trimulyono, Guntur
Sains & Matematika Vol 3, No 2 (2015): April, Sains & Matematika
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Rhizosfer tanaman Leguminosae banyak ditumbuhi bakteri, salah satunya adalah genus Bacillus yang merupakan Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria yang bermanfaat bagi tumbuhan, di antaranya karena kemampuannya dalam melarutkan fosfat. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan isolat Bacillus sp. dari rhizosfer tanaman Leguminosae yang memiliki kemampuan melarutkan fosfat. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan melakukan isolasi bakteri, karakterisasi koloni, pewarnaan Gram, pewarnaan endospora, uji katalase, dan uji kelarutan fosfat. Metode isolasi yang digunakan dengan metode pour plate dan untuk pengujian bakteri pelarut fosfat menggunakan media Pikovskaya. Sebanyak 36 isolat Bacillus sp. berhasil diisolasi dengan berbagai karakter koloni dan karakter sel berbentuk batang, Gram positif, membentuk endospora, dan memiliki katalase positif kecuali isolat BAP2 dan BAP5 yang memiliki katalase negatif. Sebanyak lima isolat Bacillus sp. (isolast BCP 2, BCP 4, BAC 2, BCM 3, dan BAP 1) diketahui mampu melarutkan fosfat dengan terbentuknya holozone di sekitar koloni setelah masa inkubasi tujuh hari. Rhizosphere of Leguminosae is inhabited by bacteria, one of which is the genus Bacillus which is Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria that are benefi cial to plants, such as its ability to dissolve phosphate. The purpose of this study was to obtain isolates of Bacillus sp. from the rhizosphere of Leguminosae plants which has the ability to dissolve phosphate. This study was conducted by bacterial isolation, characterization colonies, Gram staining, coloring endospores, catalase test, and solubility test phosphate. Isolation methods used by the pour plate method for testing bacteria and phosphate solvent using Pikovskaya media. A total of 36 isolates of Bacillus sp. successfully isolated colonies with different characters and character of rod-shaped cells, Gram-positive, form endospores, and has a positive catalase except isolates BAP2 and BAP5 which has a negative catalase. A total of fi ve isolates of Bacillus sp. (Isolast BCP 2, BCP 4, BAC 2, 3 BCM, and BAP 1) known to be capable of dissolving phosphate holozone formation around the colonies after an incubation period of seven days.
MODIFIKASI ELEKTRODA PASTA KARBON DENGAN ANTRAKUINON UNTUK IDENTIFIKASI NIKOTIN PADA ROKOK KOMERSIAL Khoiriyah, Nuril; Setiarso, Pirim
Sains & Matematika Vol 5, No 1 (2016): Oktober, Sains & Matematika
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Penelitian mengenai modifikasi elektroda pasta karbon dengan antrakuinon untuk identifikasi nikotin dalam rokok komersial telah dilakukan. Nikotin, 3-(1-metil-2-pirolidinil) piridin, merupakan suatu basa yang mudah menguap sehingga dalam identifikasinya memerlukan perlakuan khusus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi terbaik elektroda pasta karbon termodifikasi antrakuinon, pH, dan waktu deposisi sehingga dapat digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi nikotin dalam rokok komersial secara voltametri siklik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nikotin menghasilkan puncak tunggal oksidasi pada komposisi terbaik EPKA 3:3:4 dengan jumlah antrakuinon yang lebih banyak dari karbon dan minyak parafin. pH optimum pengukuran berada pada pH 9 dengan waktu deposisi 30 detik. Kadar nikotin dalam tiga merk rokok A, B, C berturut-turut yang terukur dengan EPKA secara voltametri adalah 0,62; 1,12; 1,24 mM. Hasil penelitian divalidasi dengan metode pengukuran lain. Pengukuran secara HPLC menunjukkan hasil yang tidak jauh berbeda dengan selisih rata-rata 0,074 M untuk konsentrasi sampel nikotin dalam rokok. The research about modifying carbon paste electrode by anthraquinone for nicotine identification in commercial cigarettes has been developed. Nicotine, 3-(1-methyl-pirolidin-2-yl) piridine, is a volatile base that its identification needs particular treatment. This research aims to determine the best condition of carbon paste electrode modified anthraquinone include composition, pH, and deposition time that could be applied in identifying nicotine from commercial cigarettes by cyclic voltammetry. The result shows that nicotine yields single oxidation peak at best composition of CPE-A 3:3:4 with the amount of anthraquinone is more than two other materials. Optimum pH at pH 9with deposition time 30 s. Quantity of nicotine in three cigarettes products A, B, C that measured with CPE-A voltammetrically were 0.62; 1.12; 1.24 mM, consecutively. The result has been validated with another measurement. A measurement by HPLC shows not much different result with the average difference 0.074 M.

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