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Reni Ambarwati
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Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Gedung D1 Kampus UNESA Ketintang Surabaya Kode Pos 60213 E-mail: sainsmatematika@unesa.ac.id Telp : 031-8280009
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Sains & Matematika
Published by Universitas Negeri Surabaya
ISSN : 23027290     EISSN : 25461835     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Education,
Astronomy Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Mathematics Physics
Jurnal ini menerbitkan artikel asli hasil penelitian di bidang biologi, fisika, kimia, dan matematika. Redaksi hanya menerima naskah asli yang belum pernah dipublikasikan dan tidak sedang dalam proses penerbitan di jurnal lain. Naskah dapat ditulis dalam bahasa Indonesia, sesuai dengan ejaan yang baik dan benar atau bahasa Inggris yang baik dan benar.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 188 Documents
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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE BERBASIS PENGETAHUAN PEMAIN UNTUK REAL TIME TACTIC GAME MENGGUNAKAN KNOWLEDGE BASED ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS Ibad, Muhammad Rofiul; Hariadi, Moch.
Sains & Matematika Vol 1, No 1 (2012): Oktober, Sains & Matematika
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Solution for the complexity problem of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on Real Time Tactic (RTT) game as one of the real-world simulation game requiresefective control system.Control system is in the form of a representative agent as a human player in anticipating the changes of the game states. In this thesis, control agent is built by applying a Knowledge Based System (KBS) based on the knowledge base related to human player action for goal achievement of the game. The construction of KBS inference is divided into two phases, which isdetermination of the case inlinguistic format of human players from the numerical values of complex states in the game, and selection of the appropriate tactic when a series of cases occur.Existanceof knowledge that is not deterministic as the basis of the inference process, requires adaptability of the agent through weighting system of knowledge and learning. KBS is mapped to Knowledge Base Artificial Neural Networks (KBANN) using certainty factor (CF) based back propagation as learning method. Inference is limited to the process of achieving main goal through controlling of attack and defense. The design of AI system is implemented in RTT Game ?The Cursed? through the shared interfaces of SPRING AI Game Engine. Testing against other static AI shows the ability of adaptation to changes in circumstances and improved quality control of the game by 0.017745641. These results fit expectations of human players who expect an improvement of playing quality in each session through the selection of appropriate goal achievement action. 
PEMANFAATAN ASAM FULVAT SEBAGAI OPTIMALIZER DALAM PUPUK LEPAS LAMBAT KITOSAN-ZEOLIT Savana, Raisza Tarida; Maharani, Dina Kartika
Sains & Matematika Vol 5, No 2 (2017): April, Sains & Matematika
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Pupuk lepas lambat (SRF) adalah pupuk termodifikasi dengan tujuan untuk mengoptimalisasi penyerapan unsur-unsur yang terdapat di pupuk oleh tanaman dengan mengatur pelepasannyaa secara lambat. Metode yang dipergunakan dalam membuat pupuk SRF pada penelitian ini adalah dengan mencampurnya dengan bahan lain yang sukar larut, dan menyelimuti pupuk tersebut dengan bahan tertentu. Dengan demikian, pelepasan pupuk di dalam tanah menjadi lambat. Bahan yang dapat dipergunakan sebagai bahan pembuat SRF adalah zeolit dan kitosan. Zeolit merupakan mineral silikat yang memiliki kapasitas tukar kation (KTK) yang sangat tinggi. Kitosan merupakan turunan terdeasetilasi dari kitin dan salah satu polimer biodegrable yang ketersediaanya melimpah di alam. Pupuk urea mempunyai sifat mudah hilang karena sangat mudah larut dalam air oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan pelapisan mengunakan kitosan-zeolit. Penambahan asam fulvat mampu mengoptimalisasi pupuk lepas lambat dengan memperlambat laju pelepasannya dan juga mampu meningkatkan penyerapan ion-ion logam dalam tanah yang diperlukan oleh tanaman. Kadar yang paling tepat dari asam fulvat yang akan ditambahkan dalam pupuk slow release urea terlapis kitosan zeolite agar optimal adalah asam fulvat dengan kadar 5%. Hal ini dikarenakan dalam pupuk slow release yang telah ditambahkan asam fulvat 5% dalam uji disolusinya terlihat bahwa pupuk urea yang terlarut dalam air konsentrasinya sedikit, selain itu dari uji AAS juga penambahan asam fulvat dengan kadar 5% mampu mengikat logam sebanyak 0,9218 ppm.Slow release fertilizers (SRF) are modified fertilizers with the aim of optimizing the absorption of the elements present in fertilizers by plants by regulating their release slowly. The method used in making SRF fertilizer in this study is to mix it with other substances that are difficult to dissolve, and cover the fertilizer with certain materials so that the release of fertilizer in the soil becomes slow. Materials that can be used as SRF material are zeolite and chitosan. Zeolite is a silicate mineral that has a very high cation exchange capacity (CEC). Chitosan is a deacetylated derivative of chitin and a biodegrable polymer that is abundant in nature. Urea fertilizer has the property of being easily lost because it is very soluble in water, therefore it is necessary to do the coating using chitosan-zeolite. Addition of fulvic acid can optimize the release of fertilizer slowly by slowing down the rate of release and also being able to increase the absorption of metal ions in the soil needed by plants. The most appropriate level of fulvic acid to be added in slow release urea coated with chitosan zeolite to be optimal is fulvic acid with 5% content. This is because in the slow release fertilizer that has been added 5% fulvic acid in the test of dissolution it is seen that the urea fertilizer which is dissolved in water is slightly concentrated, besides that from the AAS test also the addition of fulvic acid with 5% content is able to bind metal as much as 0.9218 ppm.
KONVERGENSI GLOBAL METODE SPECTRAL CONJUGATE DESCENT YANG BARU MENGGUNAKAN PENCARIAN GARIS ARMIJO YANG TERMODIFIKASI Hasanah, Dahliatul
Sains & Matematika Vol 2, No 2 (2014): April, Sains & Matematika
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The new nonlinear spectral conjugate descent method is constructed by combining the spectral conjugate gradient method andconjugate descent method. This method generates descent direction dk. Under the strong Wolfe rule this method is globally convergent.This paper analyzed global convergence of this method using the modified Armijo line search. The result shows that the new nonlinearspectral conjugate descent method is globally convergent under the modified Armijo line search.
KERAGAMAN LIRIOMYZA SPP. (DIPTERA: AGROMYZIDAE) PADA PERTANAMAN KENTANG DI KABUPATEN GARUT, JAWA BARAT Tohidin, Tohidin; Sudarjat, Sudarjat; Susanto, Agus; Septria, Dina
Sains & Matematika Vol 4, No 1 (2015): Oktober, Sains & Matematika
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Serangan Liriomyza spp. dapat menurunkan hasil panen tanaman kentang. Tingginya keragaman Liriomyza pada tanaman kentang akan menambah kerusakan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui keragaman Liriomyza dan tingkat intensitas serangan Liriomyza pada kentang varietas Granola dan kentang varietas Atlantik. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Cibitung, Kecamatan Cigedug, Kabupaten Garut pada bulan April?Juni 2015 dengan menggunakan metode survei komparatif-deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pengamatan langsung dan perangkap kuning. Identifi kasi Liriomyza berdasarkan tipe korokan daun dari gejala kerusakannya. Data di analisis menggunakan uji T dan Indeks keragaman Shannon-Wiener (H?). Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan tidak ada keragaman Liriomyza pada kentang varietas Granola dan Atlantik. Hanya satu jenis Liriomyza yang ditemukan yaitu L. huidobrensis. Terdapat perbedaan intensitas serangan Liriomyza pada kedua varietas kentang. Hama lain yang mendominasi kedua varietas kentang yaitu Empoasca sp. Berdasarkan indeks Shannon-Wiener, keanekaragaman jenis serangga hama tergolong rendah dan lingkungan tidak stabil. Liriomyza spp. can reduce the yield of potato. The high diversity of Liriomyza on potato plants will increase the damages. The objectives of this research were to determine the diversity of Liriomyza as well as the intensity of Liriomyza?s attacks on Granola and Atlantic variety potatoes. The research was conducted at Cibitung, Cigedug distric, Garut regency from April to June 2015 using comparativedescriptive survey. The data were obtained by direct observation and the use of yellow sticky trap. Identifi cation of Liriomyza was based on leave damage types caused by the insect. The data were analyzed using T-test and Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H?). The result showed that there was no diversity of Liriomyza on both varieties. There only species of Liriomyza found was L. huidobrensis. Both varieties of the potato had differences in the intensity of Liriomyza?s attacks. The other pests in both varieties of potato was Empoasca sp.. Based on the Shannon-Wiener index, the diversity of the insect pest on potato was still low and environmentally no stable.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF JUICE OF LOCAL CULTIVAR SWEET POTATOES AS FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS OF 1,1-DIPHENYL-2-PICRYLHYDRAZYL (DPPH) Palupi, Endah Sri; Mulyati-Sarto, Mulyati-Sarto; Pratiwi, Rarastoeti
Sains & Matematika Vol 1, No 1 (2012): Oktober, Sains & Matematika
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Sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) are tuber that have high antioxidant activity. The determination of antioxidant activity based on as percentage of inhibition of free radical DPPH. The purpose of this research was to observe the activity of three local cultivars of sweet potatoes by using DPPH method and by using vitamine C as compparison. The measurement of antioxidant activity which performed on sweet potatoes juice and vitamine C with concentration 625 ppm, 1250 ppm, 2500 ppm, 5000 ppm and 10000 ppm by using free radical of DPPH 0,004% that was soluble in ethanol pa and then was measure by using spectrofotometer. Data were analyzed by using ANOVA and LSD (? = 0.05). The result of this research showed that the three cultivar of sweet potatoes juice have antioxidant activity and the purple sweet potatoes cultivar Biru Mangsi had the highest antioxidant activity, although lower than vitamine C. The highest of antioxidant activity were vitamine C, followed by purple sweet potatoe, yellow sweet potatoes (cultivar Kuning Madu) and white sweet potatoes (cultivar Kapasan). 
STATUS KONSERVASI REPTILIA ANGGOTA ORDO SQUAMATA YANG DIPERDAGANGKAN DI SURABAYA Purwosanto, Mochammad Fendi; Yazid, Khairul; Alina, Dining Nika; Abdillah, Gilang Noval
Sains & Matematika Vol 5, No 1 (2016): Oktober, Sains & Matematika
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Ordo Squamata terdiri atas kelompok ular, kadal dan kadal cacing. Anggota ordo ini merupakan yang terbanyak dalam kelas Reptilia. Kelompok ular dan kadal memiliki keunikan bentuk dan corak sisik yang indah sehingga kedua hewan ini banyak diperdagangkan di beberapa kota besar di Indonesia. Perdagangan hewan reptil tersebut dapat ditemukan juga di kota Surabaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi spesies reptilia anggota ordo Squamata yang diperdagangkan secara bebas di wilayah Surabaya dan mendeskripsikan status konservasi reptilia anggota ordo Squamata yang diperdagangkan secara bebas di wilayah Surabaya. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah observasi langsung dan wawancara. Observasi dilakukan di tiga pasar hewan di Surabaya antara lain: Pasar Bratang, Pasar Burung Kupang, dan Pasar Gunung Sari. Wawancara dilakukan dengan pedagang dan kolektor untuk memperoleh data tambahan tentang ordo Squamata yang diperdagangkan. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu sebanyak 17 jenis reptilia ordo Squamata yang diperdagangkan di Surabaya. Status konservasi ketujuh belas reptilia tersebut ditinjau dari IUCN Red List yaitu: Least Concern (LC), Vulnerable (Vu),  Near Threatened (NT), dan Not Evaluated (NE). Ditinjau CITES terdiri atas 10 jenis statusnya Appendiks II dan 7 lainnya memiliki status konservasi Not Listed. Berdasarkan PP RI No.7/1999 status konservasi tujuh belas reptilia anggota ordo Squamata tersebut terdiri atas 16 jenis yang tidak dilindungi dan terdapat 1 jenis yang dilindungi. Squamata consist of snakes, lizards, and warm lizards. Member of this order is the most number in Reptilian classis. Snakes and lizards have unique type and attractive scale until both of this animals traded freely in some big city in Indonesia. This reptilian trade also occours in Surabaya. The purposes of this study were to identify species from member of Order Squamata which counted on animal trade in Surabaya and to describe  the status of conservation from Reptilian classis member of Order Squamata, which counted on animal trade in Surabaya. This study used two method, there were observation and interview. Observation took place in tree different animal markets, there were Bratang Market, Kupang Birds Market, and Gunung Sari Market. Interview hold with animal trader and animal collector for collecting additional information about animal trade from Squamata Ordo. Data were analyzed descriptively. Result of this study showed that 17 species of Squamata traded freely in Surabaya. The status of conservation of those, seventeenth animals, based on IUCN Red List are Least Concern (LC), Vulnerable (Vu), Near Threatened (NT), dan Not Evaluated (NE). Based on CITES, the status of conservation from Reptilian classis member of Squamata Ordo which counted on animal trade in Surabaya consist of Appendix II and not listed category. Based on Government Regulation Number 7 Year 1999, the status of conservation of those reptiles were one protected animal and 16 unprotected animals.
PENGUJIAN PARAMETRISASI BARU POTENSIAL WOODS-SAXON DENGAN PERHITUNGAN SPEKTRUM TENAGA KEADAAN DASAR INTI PB208 Oktova, Raden
Sains & Matematika Vol 2, No 1 (2013): Oktober, Sains & Matematika
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Single-particle and single-hole energy levels in the nucleus Pb208 are calculated using a new parametrization of the Woods-Saxon potential in coordinate space and the Numerov algorithm. The application of the new parameter set proves to be capable of improving the accuracy of the calculation compared to a previous parameter set as measured from the energy standard deviation (relative to the experimental values) only for single-particle levels, but it fails for single-hole levels.
PENGARUH VARIASI PBO TERHADAP SERAPAN OPTIS KACA TELLURITE DENGAN KOMPOSISI ER:TZPBN Rodliyatul Jauhariyah, Mukhayyarotin Niswati; Marzuki, Ahmad; Cari, Cari
Sains & Matematika Vol 3, No 2 (2015): April, Sains & Matematika
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Kaca tellurite banyak diminati peneliti karena kemampuannya sebagai host laser. Kaca tellurite yang dikembangkan ialah kaca tellurite dengan komposisi Er:TZPBN [55TeO2 ? 35ZnO ? (5+x)PbO ? 2Bi2O3 ? (2-x)Na2O ? Er2O3] dengan x = 0; 0,5; 1; 1,5; 2; 2,5 dan 3 % mol. Artikel ini mendeskripsikan pengaruh variasi PbO terhadap serapan optis kaca Er:TZPBN. Kaca Er:TZPBN dengan komposisi tersebut telah difabrikasi dengan metode melt quenching. Setelah kaca di-annealing dan di-polish, dilakukan karakterisasi, di antaranya berupa serapan optis. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan serapan optis meningkat dengan penambahan PbO. Berdasarkan data serapan optis, nilai energi band gap optis kaca TZPBN:Er menurun seiring dengan penambahan konsentrasi PbO. Rentang nilai energi band gap optis pada komposisi ini memungkinkan sampel digunakan sebagai bahan semikonduktor. Most of researcher interest to investigate tellurite glasses because of the capability as host laser. The tellurite glasses that develop is Er:TZPBN [55TeO2 ? 35ZnO ? (5+x)PbO ? 2Bi2O3 ? (2-x)Na2O ? Er2O3] with x = 0; 0,5; 1; 1,5; 2; 2,5 and 3% mol. This paper describe the effect of PbO variation on optical absorption of Er:TZPBN. The Er:TZPBN glass had been fabricated by using melt quenching technique. After annealing and polishing proccess, we characterized the optical absorption of glass. The result of the characterization showed that the optical absorption increased with increasing PbO. Based on optical absorption data, the optical band gap energy decreased with decreasing PbO concentration. The value of optical band gap energy for this composition showed that this samples can use as the semiconductor material.
ANALISIS NILAI KAPASITANSI SPESIFIK PADA ELEKTRODA KARBON AKTIF/PVDF Fidiyanti, Yuvita Nur; Rohmawati, Lydia; Putri, Nugrahani Primary; Setyarsih, Woro
Sains & Matematika Vol 4, No 2 (2016): April, Sains & Matematika
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Tanaman kelapa merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman serba guna. Bagian luar buah kelapa yaitu batok kelapa dapat memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi jika diubah menjadi karbon aktif yang merupakan bahan dasar elektroda superkapasitor. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan persen berat PVDF terhadap ukuran pori, luas permukaan dan nilai kapasitansi karbon aktif  batok kelapa (cocos nucifera). Karbon hasil karbonisasi dilakukan aktivasi kimia dengan perendaman selama 24 jam dan dipanaskan pada suhu 800ºC selama 5 jam. Setelah itu,  dicuci dengan aquades dan HCl 1 kemudian dikeringkan pada suhu 110ºC selama 10 menit untuk didapatkan karbon aktif. Selanjutnya, karbon aktif dipadukan dengan PVDF variasi % berat yaitu, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, dan 10% dengan metode mixing. Hasil paduan, dilakukan karakterisasi BET dan voltametri siklik. Hasil voltametri siklik menunjukkan bahwa dengan penambahan 8% berat PVDF, elektroda memiliki nilai kapasitansi terbaik sebesar 197,680 F/g dengan ukuran pori dan luas permukaan sebesar 2,53 nm dan 56,85 m2/g (hasil BET).Coconut plants are one type of multipurpose plants. The outside of the coconut fruit, coconut shell, can have high economic value if it is converted into activated carbon which is the basic material of super capacitor electrodes. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding weight percent PVDF to pore size, surface area and the value of the coconut shell activated carbon capacitance (cocos nucifera). Carbonized carbon is chemically activated by immersion for 24 hours and heated at 800ºC for 5 hours. After that, washed with distilled water and HCl 1 then dried at 110ºC for 10 minutes to obtain activated carbon. Furthermore, activated carbon is combined with PVDF% by weight variation, that is, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, and 10% by mixing method. The results of the alloys were characterized by BET and cyclic voltammetry. The results of cyclic voltammetry showed that with the addition of 8% by weight of PVDF, the electrodes had the best capacitance values of 197,680 F / g with pore size and surface area of 2.53 nm and 56.85 m2 / g (BET results).
PENGOLAHAN DAN PENJERNIHAN AIR DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN MEDIA CANGKANG KERANG BULU Putra, Yulianto Laksono; Abdullah, Abdul Aziz; Hermawan, Wawan
Sains & Matematika Vol 1, No 2 (2013): April, Sains & Matematika
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In Desa Pademonegoro, Kecamatan Sukodono, Sidoarjo the quality of water reservoir consumpted by many people is found to be in a low level and contains unnecessary substances like Mn and Fe. This condition makes water not feasible to consumpt for daily use. This study aimed to manage and purify water by utilizing ark shells freely available in beaches. Ark shells were initially synthesized by coprecipitation techniques using carbon dioxide gas at a pressure of 225 N/cm2, 300N/cm2,or 375 N/cm2 and settling time for 24 hoursor 36 hours. The ark shells were then characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to determine its CaCO3 content. The ark shells with a high level of CaCO3 were used as a water purifier on the device spesificially designed on purpose and were tested with shell powder thickness with a thickness of 1 cm, 3 cm, or 5 cm and a water reservoir was placed at a position of 1 m or 2 m measured from the ground. The results indicated that the synthesis of ark shell using carbon dioxide at a pressure of 375 N/cm2and settling time for 36 hourshada high level of CaCO3 and thus was used as a water purifier. After purifying, the quality of water is such that it is odorless and tasteless, its color<2 TCU, turbidity of 0.2 NTU, TDS of 200 mg/l, contains Fe 0.08 mg/l, Mn0.03 mg/l, Hg 0.0001mg/l,As<0.005mg/l, pH 7.3, detergent <0.01 mg/l, water hardness of 88.32 mg/land saturation ark shells for 27 weeks. 

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