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HAYATI Journal of Biosciences

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Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor

ISSN : 19783019 EISSN : 20864094 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Earth & Planetary Sciences

HAYATI Journal of Biosciences (HAYATI J Biosci) publishes articles and short communication in tropical bioscience fields such as development, biotechnology, biodiversity and environmental issues. HAYATI J Biosci covers wide range of all life forms topics including virus, microbes, fungi, plants, animal and human. HAYATI J Biosci has been also indexed/registered in Crossref, DOAJ, CABI, EBSCO, Agricola and ProQuest.

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Articles 8 Documents

Search results for , issue "Vol. 14 No. 3 (2007): September 2007" : 8 Documents clear

Biology of Anastatus dasyni Ferr (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) on Egg of Dasynus piperis China (Hemiptera: Coreidae) IM TRISAWA; AUNU RAUF; UTOMO KARTOSUWONDO
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 14 No. 3 (2007): September 2007
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Anastatus dasyni Ferr wasp (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) is one of the parasitoids attacking eggs of the pepper berry sucking bug, Dasynus piperis China (Hemiptera: Coreidae). Study was conducted in the laboratory to determine immature development, adult longevity, fecundity, sex ratio, oviposition preference, and number of host parasitized. The result showed that immature development time from egg up to adult was 15.57 + 0.09 days, mean fecundity was 99.45 + 5.60 eggs, and sex ratio (% of females) was 67.28 + 0.56%. If provided with honey 10% and host eggs, females lived for 37.7 + 2.78 days and males 6.30 + 0.56 days. Host eggs aged one and two days were more preferred by A. dasyni for oviposition. Mean number of hosts parasitized by this wasp aged less than one day was much lower as compared to the older one. Key words: pepper, pepper berry sucking bug, Dasynus piperis, parasitoid, Anastatus dasyni

Natural Antioxidants Dietary and Lipid Oxidation Analysis in Zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) Tissue ARDIANSYAH ARDIANSYAH; INDRAYANI INDRAYANI
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 14 No. 3 (2007): September 2007
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Autoxidation of lipids is related to flesh deterioration and discoloration, as well as unpleasant flavors produced during processing and storage. This becomes a major factor determining fresh and frozen seafood products price. The aims of this research were to investigate the effect of two novel dietary supplementation antioxidants Vinlife grape seed extract and Herbalox rosemary extract on lipid oxidation during post-mortem storage of zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) and the relationships between dietary antioxidants with the enzymatic antioxidant activities. Herbalox supplemented diet showed no harmful effects on growth or survival of zebrafish. However, the diet could not inhibit Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) formation in zebrafish during post-mortem storage at 4 oC. Dietary Herbalox and Vinlife supplementation also showed no deleterious effects on growth or survival of zebrafish. The Vinlife supplementation efficiently suppressed TBARS formation in the zebrafish but the Herbalox supplementation. The two novel antioxidants had significant effects on catalase and glutathione S-transferase but not on glutathione peroxidase. These findings suggested that the supplementation with Vinlife was more effective than with Herbalox in inhibiting the formation of lipid oxidation products in zebrafish. Hence, Vinlife supplementation, could be a safe alternative method to improve oxidative stability of fish lipid contents. Key words: natural antioxidant, lipid oxidation, TBARS, GPx, CAT, GST

Response of Various Tomato Genotypes to Begomovirus Infection and Its Improved Diagnostic NOOR AIDAWATI; SRI HENDRASTUTI HIDAYAT; PURNAMA HIDAYAT; RUSMILAH SUSENO; SRIANI SUJIPRIHATI
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 14 No. 3 (2007): September 2007
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Begomovirus infection was identified from tomato growing areas in West Java (Bogor), Central Java (Boyolali), and D.I. Yogyakarta (Kaliurang). Efforts to reduce the infection among others are planting resistance varieties. This research was undertaken to evaluate 14 tomato genotypes for their response to the infection. Dot blot hybridization using nonradioactive (digoxigenin) DNA probe was employed to determine the presence of begomovirus in inoculated plants. Polymerase chain reaction-amplified product of DNA clone of tobacco leaf curl virus Ã¢â‚¬â€œIndonesia was used as a source of DNA probe. All of tomato genotypes evaluated in this study was infected separately by three strain of begomovirus (GVPSlm, GVABy, GVCBgr). Tomato genotypes Bonanza, Jelita, Safira, Permata, Presto, PSPT 8, PSPT 5B, Apel-Belgia, Karibia, Mitra, PSPT 9, Marta, and PSPT 2, showed susceptible or highly susceptible response to the three strains of begomovirus. Exception to those was shown by cv. Intan which resulted in moderate resistance when inoculated with GVCBgr although it resulted susceptible response with the other two strains. Dot-blot hybridization technique was proved to be a powerful tool to detect begomovirus infection in plants showing symptom as well as symptom-less plants. Accumulation of the virus in those plants was relatively high, except in cv. Bonanza and Apel-Belgia. Dot-blot hybridization technique using DIG-labeled DNA probe was able to detect begomovirus DNA in infected tissue up to 10-2 dilution factor. Key words: Geminivirus, hybridization, resistance, tomato

Shell Form Variation of a Freshwater Mussel Velesunio ambiguus Philippi from the Ross River, Australia TRI HERU WIDARTO
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 14 No. 3 (2007): September 2007
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Based on mussels collected from the Ross River, Australia, within 13 months, I studied the variation of their shell forms since the Ross River has changed from a flowing-water to a relatively still-water. At least four different shell forms were found including shells with characters of flowing-water species. Young mussels had distinctive Ã¢â&sbquo;¬Å“wingsÃ¢â&sbquo;¬Â at dorso-posterior part of the shells and in most cases, as the shells grew bigger, the wing development was less obvious. No significant differences were observed in obesity and relative height among mussels living in three different microhabitats (i.e. solid mud and plant litter, soft silt, soft silt and sand). The shells from Mt. Margaret Dam (a temporary dam) were thinner and their growth lines were easier to discriminate than those from the Ross River. Comparing with those living in temperate regions of Australia, the obesity and the relative height of mussels from the Ross River were smaller. Only few abnormal shells were found which usually appeared only as external deformations, such as: a light deflection on ventral margin and scars on the surface of shells. Seven age classes were found ranging between 6 and 12 years and it was estimated that the lifespan of the mussel in the Ross River was about 15 years. Key words: Velesunio ambiguus, variation, mussel, tropical water, obesity, relative height

Utilization of Root-Colonizing Bacteria to Protect Hot-Pepper Against Tobacco Mosaic Tobamovirus TRI ASMIRA DAMAYANTI; HENDRA PARDEDE; NISA RACHMANIA MUBARIK
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 14 No. 3 (2007): September 2007
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Tobacco Mosaic Tobamovirus (TMV) is one of many important viruses infecting Solanaceous plants including hot pepper in Indonesia. To accomplish and improve the effectiveness of virus management, we used root-colonizing bacteria (rhizobacteria) isolated from healthy hot pepper. Eight rhizobacteria isolates were selected and their capacity in enhancing plant growth and inducing systemic resistance (ISR) against TMV in greenhouse trials were evaluated. The rhizobacteria was applied as seed treatment and soil drench. Bacterized-seedling showed a better growth vigor, fitness and a milder symptom than non-bacterized control plants. The protective effect of rhizobacteria was more pronounced after challenging inoculation by TMV, especially for plants treated by isolates I-6, I-16, and I-35. However, TMV accumulation was slightly affected by bacterial treatment. The rhizobacteria might improved ISR by increasing peroxidase enzyme activity but this depends on the species. Based on whole results, isolate I-35 was the potential plant growth promotion rhizobacteria (PGPR). The I-35 was identified as Bacillus cereus based on morphological characteristics and nucleotide sequences of 16S r-RNA. Key words: root-colonizing bacteria, TMV, ISR

Uptake and Distribution of Aluminum in Root Apices of Two Rice Varieties under Aluminum Stress MIFTAHUDIN MIFTAHUDIN; NURLAELA NURLAELA; JULIARNI JULIARNI
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 14 No. 3 (2007): September 2007
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is the major limiting factor of plant growth and production in acid soils. The target of Al toxicity is the root tip, which affects mainly on root growth inhibition. The aim of this research was to study the uptake and distribution of Al in root apices of two rice varieties IR64 (Al-sensitive) and Krowal (Al-tolerant), which were grown on nutrient solution containing 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 ppm of Al. The root growth was significantly inhibited in both rice varieties at as low as 15 ppm Al concentration. The adventive roots of both varieties showed stunted growth in respons to Al stress. There was no difference in root growth inhibition between both rice varieties as well as among Al concentrations. Al uptake on root apices was qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. Histochemical staining of roots using hematoxylin showed dark purple color on 1 mm region of Al-treated root apices. Rice var. IR 64 tended to take up more Al in root tip than Krowal did. However, there was no statistically significant difference (p = 0.176) in root Al content of both varieties in response to different concentration and period of Al treatments. Al distribution in root apices was found in the epidermal and subepidermal region in both rice varieties. Based on those results, rice var. Krowal that was previously grouped as Al-tolerant variety has similar root growth and physiological response to Al stress as compared to Al-sensitive variety IR64. Key words: aluminum, uptake, distribution, root, rice

Characterization of Xylanase from Streptomyces spp. Strain C1-3 ANJA MERYANDINI
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 14 No. 3 (2007): September 2007
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Xylan is the major constituent of hemi cellulose. Several enzymes are needed to hydrolyse xylan completely, including xylanase. Currently, there is an increasing use of this enzyme. This study was carried out to characterize the xylanase from Streptomyces spp. strain C1-3. Results showed that the xylanase displayed its highest activity at pH 3 and 90 0C and was stable up to 10 hours at this conditions. Its activity increased after the addition of Cu2+, Fe2+, and Co2+ under concentration of 1 and 5 mM, respectively. The activity however, decreased after the addition of Mg2+, Ca2+ at 1 mM and Zn2+ at 5 mM. After a test with five kinds of xylan (i.e. from Birchwood, Beechwood, Arabinoxylan, Oat spelt and CMC), the xylanase of Streptomyces spp. C1-3 showed its preferences to Birchwood- and Arabino-xylan. The results showed that the xylanase of Streptomyces spp. C1-3 was characterized as a thermostable acid xylanase. Key words: xylanase, Streptomyces, stability, CMCase

Isolation and Characterization of Silaffin that Catalyze Biosilica Formation from Marine Diatom Chaetoceros gracilis AGNES IMELDA MANURUNG; ALBERTA RIKA PRATIWI; DAHRUL SYAH; MAGGY THENAWIDJAJA SUHARTONO
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 14 No. 3 (2007): September 2007
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

The method of making silica in industries requires extreme conditions. The finding of proteins involved in the formation of biosilica from diatoms, has opened up an alternative way of production. Chaetoceros gracilis is one of the diatoms, which is potential in producing silaffin protein. This study aimed to isolate and to characterize the protein. We also analyzed the protein activity toward tetraethoxyorthosilicate (TEOS) substrate in in vitro reaction. Diatom biomass was harvested and further kept in 2% SDS/100 mM EDTA solution. Protein isolation was conducted by dissolving the silica and separating the protein by soaking in 2 M HF/8 M NH4F. Protein concentration was analyzed using Bradford method and the molecular weight was estimated through SDS-PAGE. Protein activity was observed by reacting it with TEOS substrate to form silica polymer and measured by colorimetric molibdate assay. Protein concentration was 1.20 mg/ml and appeared filamentous. The apparent molecular weights consisted of 12, 23, 42, 44 kDa. These protein was able to polymerize the silica at room temperature within 10 min. As much as 85.65 umol TEOS was polymerized per 1.4 x 106 silaffin protein per min. SEM analysis showed the formation of spherical, aggregate biosilica. Key words: Chaetoceros gracilis, silaffin protein, biosilica, polymerization

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