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Automotive Experiences
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang
ISSN : 26156202     EISSN : 26156636     DOI : 10.31603/ae
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Aerospace Engineering Automotive Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering
Automotive experiences invite researchers to contribute ideas on the main scope of Emerging automotive technology and environmental issues; Efficiency (fuel, thermal and mechanical); Vehicle safety and driving comfort; Automotive industry and supporting materials; Vehicle maintenance and technical skills; and Transportation policies, systems, and road users behavior.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik Otomotif
Articles 134 Documents
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A Review of the Emission, Performance, Combustion, and Optimization Parameters in the Production of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil Dae Ho Park; Feyisola Idowu Nana; Haeng Muk Cho
Automotive Experiences Vol 5 No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.7005

Abstract

With the rising consumption of energy comes the challenge of the depletion of fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are non-renewable and finite energy sources with increasing energy demand as a result of the rise in human population and industrialization. This concern has led researchers to seek alternative energy sources that are both economically, technically viable, and environmentally beneficial. Biodiesel is considered an alternative source of energy supply. It is non-toxic, biodegradable, carbon-neutral, and ecologically friendly. However, the high cost of producing biodiesel from feedstocks impedes its commercialization. Hence, WCO used in the production of biodiesel helps to reduce the overall cost of production. The characteristics of the performance, emission, and combustion of the biodiesel produced from the transesterification of WCO are reviewed in this study. The molar ratio of methanol to oil, the concentration of the catalyst, reaction temperature, and time were used to investigate the optimization parameter required in the synthesis of biodiesel from WCO. The number of times the catalyst can be reused while maintaining a good catalytic activity in biodiesel production was also studied. The optimization models and techniques for the prediction of biodiesel yield were also studied.
The Effect of Surface Hardening on The HQ 705 Steel Camshaft Using Static Induction Hardening and Tempering Method Sri Nugroho; Deni Fajar Fitriyana; Rifky Ismail; Thesar Aditya Nurcholis; Tezara Cionita; Januar Parlaungan Siregar
Automotive Experiences Vol 5 No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.7029

Abstract

Induction hardening (IH) is a popular choice for automotive components such as camshafts for its ability to harden portions of a component selectively. The camshaft will contact the tappet, connected to the rocker arm, to open and close the valve whenever the engine is running. This contact between the camshaft and the tappet causes wear on the camshaft surface. IH of the camshaft is required to improve wear resistance and service life, as well as core elasticity to absorb high torsional stresses. It is known that studies about IH on camshafts are still very limited. This study aims to determine the effect of the induction hardening and tempering treatment on the mechanical properties of the camshaft made of HQ 705 steel. The induction hardening carried out in this study uses different parameter settings such as heating time and output current. The camshaft specimen is hardened by static induction and then quenched in oil. The specimens are tempered after induction hardening with different temperatures and holding times to adjust the hardness level and reduce brittleness. Hardness, macro photographs, micrograph, and wear tests were conducted to determine the mechanical properties of the camshaft specimen after the induction hardening and tempering process. This study indicates that induction hardening with an output current of 747 A for 15 seconds followed by tempering at 150 °C for 15 seconds on specimen 1 produced the best mechanical properties. On the surface of these specimens found more martensite content while there was no microstructural change on the inside. The surface hardness of these specimens is 44 HRC (Rockwell C Hardness), while the inside is 26 HRC. Meanwhile, specific wear decreased by 45.45%.
Aerodynamic Characteristics of Ahmed Body with Inverted Airfoil Eppler 423 and Gurney Flap on Fastback Car Zainal Arifin; Suyitno Suyitno; Dominicus Danardono Dwi Prija Tjahjana; Wibawa Endra Juwana; Rendy Adhi Rachmanto; Chico Hermanu Brillianto; Ubaidillah Ubaidillah; Singgih Dwi Prasetyo; Arinal Falah Muhammad; Mohd Afzanizam Mohd Rosli
Automotive Experiences Vol 5 No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.7067

Abstract

The installation of aerodynamic devices, such as rear wings with the application of a Gurney flap, is very important to improve the performance of vehicles and can generate downforce and reduce slip when a car turns and brakes. The goal of this study was to determine the aerodynamic characteristics of the addition of a rear wing using an Eppler 423 airfoil, which was applied with a Gurney flap featuring variations in the angle of attack and the height of the Gurney flap. The rear wing was mounted on the Ahmed body with a rear slant angle of 15°, which is similar to the configuration on a fastback type car. This research was conducted by 3D modeling through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation using ANSYS Student R18.2 by using ahmed body design. There are three variations in the angle of attack for the rear wing (0°, 7.5°, and 15°), as well as five variations in Gurney flap height of 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% for the chord-line length. In this study, the best variation was found at an angle of attack of 15⁰ with a height of 2% C. From this configuration improved CL/CD ratio by 25.36% when compared to the results without a Gurney flap.
Electric Delta Trike Stability Characteristic and Maneuverability Analysis: Experiment and Multi-Body Dynamic Simulation Ignatius Pulung Nurprasetio; Robby Dwianto Widyantara; Bentang Arief Budiman; Rakshidatu Lestaluhu; Djati Wibowo Djamari; Farid Triawan; Muhammad Aziz
Automotive Experiences Vol 5 No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.7070

Abstract

This paper reveals the stability characteristics of an electric-powered delta trike (e-trike), which is developed for goods delivery services. The changeable center of gravity position and weight due to electric component placement and the carried good weight can cause instability of the e-trike. Three main parameters are firstly evaluated on the e-trike: 1) geometry, 2) center of gravity, and 3) stiffness and damping coefficient of the suspensions. Single Lane-Change (SLC) and Double Lane-Change (DLC) tests were then conducted following ISO 14791:2000 and ISO 3888-1:2018 standards, respectively. An e-trike model was created and simulated using SIMPACK, a multi-body dynamic software. The simulation results showed that the developed e-trike model can replicate SLC and DLC tests, indicating the model was valid. A parametric study with the validated model was then conducted with various e-trike weights, center of gravity position, and suspension stiffness and damping ratio values. The results showed additional weight and higher center of gravity position can decrease threshold velocity to avoid rollover. The low suspension stiffness also contributed to lower the threshold velocity. However, the damping coefficient value did not change the threshold velocity significantly. These results can be a guideline in designing a delta trike with better performance in stability and maneuverability.
Effect of Electrode Diameter and Current on Dissimilar Metal Welding (Stainless Steel - Galvanized Steel) in Bus Body Construction: Microstructure and Properties Evaluation Suntari Suntari; Helmy Purwanto; Sri Mulyo Bondan Respati; Sugiarto Sugiarto; Zainal Abidin
Automotive Experiences Vol 5 No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.7094

Abstract

This study evaluates the macrostructure, microstructure, hardness, and tensile strength in dissimilar metal welding applied to bus body construction. The process involved joining hollow stainless steel and galvanized steel at the dimensions of 80 x 40 x 3.2 mm through Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW). The current was varied at 90, 100, and 110 A while ER70S-6 electrodes with diameters of 0.8 and 1.0 mm were used. The results showed that electrode diameter and welding current affect the capping area, penetration depth, and hardness. Moreover, the formation of the widmasatten ferrite phase was increased and the coarse grain boundaries in the weld zone were detected. It was also observed that an increase in the diameter of the electrode and the welding current which indicates an increment in the heat reduced the rate of solidification and cooling. The average tensile strength for all the samples investigated was found to be lower than the value for the base metal. Therefore, further research is recommended to improve the tensile strength.
Design of Experiment to Predict the Effects of Graphene Nanoplatelets Addition to Diesel Engine Performance Sarbani Daud; Mohd Adnin Hamidi; Rizalman Mamat
Automotive Experiences Vol 5 No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.6263

Abstract

To minimise diesel exhaust emissions, a few methods are commonly used. Engine modifications, combustion optimisation, and exhaust system treatment components are among them. Fuel additives, such as zinc oxide, titanium oxide, aluminium oxide, and cerium oxide, are amongst the most effective methods to increase performance and reduce emissions. Even while positive performance and emission reduction outcomes have been demonstrated, there are worries concerning health toxicity effects. Carbon nanoparticles have been accepted as a fuel additive since they pose little risk to human health. A few studies have been undertaken to investigate the consequences of employing graphene nanoplatelets as fuel additives, thanks to advancements in graphene research. The findings of the study seemed encouraging. However, despite detecting the additive effects of graphene on performance, no more study has been undertaken to forecast the effects on engine performance. The objective of this study was to predict the effects of graphene nanoplatelets as an additive for diesel engines. The performance parameters of the trial were torque, power, BSFC, and BTE. Speed, load, and blend concentration are all considered in this model. Response surface methods and contour plotting with Minitab software were used to generate the prediction model. The results show that the prediction model is within 10% of the experimental data.
A Review of Business Model Transformation in Transportation Business Post Pandemic M. Elfan Kaukab; Nia Kurniati Bachtiar
Automotive Experiences Vol 5 No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.6830

Abstract

This study reviews post-pandemic business models, as demonstrated in transportation business by employing literature study method. Data obtained includes 56 articles published from 2020 to 2022 during Covid-19 pandemic that transform the business model. The results of the study indicate that there are six streams in the literature, namely (1) the impact of Covid-19 on the transportation sector, (2) the built environment for business model transportation, (3) the need for transformation of business models due to new policies, (4) changes in consumer choices and behavior, (5) supply chain management and transportation transformation, and (6) transportation business model planning. The synthesis resulted in a transportation sustainable business model transformation framework involving threat identification, company character, support, built environment, resources and capabilities, design and development, and delivery and evaluation. The transportation business needs to identify aspects of transportation services that need to be improved, adjust internal resources and capabilities, reconfigure the business, and encourage collective agreements to transform the post-pandemic transportation business model. This research contributes to the literature on transform the regular business model. It emphasizes the importance of resources and capabilities to drive business transformation internally and externally in the context of the transportation business.
The Experimental Evaluation of Cone Wedge Shape based Electronic Wedge Brake Mechanism in Vehicle Braking System Sharil Izwan Haris; Fauzi Ahmad; Mohd Hanif Che Hassan; Ahmad Kamal Mat Yamin
Automotive Experiences Vol 5 No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.7112

Abstract

The brake system is one of the most critical parts of a vehicle's technology for avoiding accidents. The ultimate focus of the braking system is to guarantee that adequate stopping force is available to stop the vehicle's longitudinal movement. Therefore, the ability of a brake system to stop a vehicle must be examined in terms of analyzing the brake system's performance and the implementation of the brake system on actual vehicles. This study offers a performance evaluation of the Electronic Wedge Brake based on the Cone Wedge Shape (CW-EWB) on the vehicle brake systems. The evaluation was carried out through dynamic assessments, namely sudden braking tests at constant speeds of 40, 60, and 90 km/h using the MATLAB Simulink software simulation method and an experimental study using hardware-in-loop simulation (HILS). In the simulation study, the performance of the vehicle brake system using CW-EWB was compared with the brake performance of the vehicle using the conventional hydraulic brake (CHB). The results showed that CW-EWB behaved similarly to the hydraulic brake in terms of required brake torque output but with a faster response time, i.e., between 0.5 – 1 s. The HILS experimental study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the CW-EWB on actual vehicles. This method confirmed the HILS results against the simulation results with a variable response time of less than 6%. Vehicle body speed, wheel speed, longitudinal tire slip, and stopping distance experienced by the vehicle were all evaluated. The study's findings show that the proposed CW-EWB is quite effective and sufficiently dependable to be used as a vehicle brake system, notably in Antilock Braking Systems.
Effects of Hexane Addition in Waste Plastic Fuel-Biodiesel-Diesel Blends on the Performance and Emission Characteristics of DI Diesel Engine Rajan Kumar; Manoj Kumar Mishra; Manish Kumar Roy
Automotive Experiences Vol 5 No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.7248

Abstract

The current study's sole objective is to evaluate the impact of hexane's addition to blends of diesel, waste plastic fuel, and jatropha biodiesel. Five fuel samples have been made in order to do this, including diesel-waste plastic fuel-jatropha biodiesel (D70WPF20JB10 and D70WPF10JB20), diesel-hexane-waste plastic fuel-jatropha biodiesel (D65HX5WPF20JB10 and D65HX5WPF10JB20), and plain diesel (D100) as a reference fuel. Following thorough characterization, studies using spectroscopic techniques such as FTIR, elemental analysis, and GC-MS are conducted. Finally, performance and emission tests on a direct-injection single-cylinder diesel engine were conducted. The density, flash point, and acid value of the diesel-waste plastic fuel-jatropha biodiesel blend are observed to decrease with the addition of hexane. With the addition of hexane, the calorific value and diesel index of the fuel both rise by 0.86% and 12.5%, respectively. In the case of the hexane mix fuel samples, it is discovered that the brake thermal efficiency and volumetric efficiency are higher and the brake-specific fuel consumption is lower. Hexane is added to the diesel-waste plastic fuel-jatropha biodiesel mixture, which results in a 34 percent rise in HC emissions and a 9 percent decrease in CO emissions. Additionally, it lowers by 8% and 15%, respectively, the temperature of the exhaust gas and the fuel's NOx emissions. The fuel sample with code D65HX5WPF10JB20 exhibits the best results among all the fuel samples in terms of performance and emission analyses.
Development of a Model of Intention to Adopt Electric Motorcycles in Indonesia Tasya Santi Rahmawati; Yuniaristanto Yuniaristanto; Wahyudi Sutopo; Muhammad Hisjam
Automotive Experiences Vol 5 No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.7344

Abstract

Indonesia's economic sector continues to rely on carbon-emitting fossil fuels. The government is speeding up electrification by encouraging people to switch from traditional to electric automobiles. Electric motorcycles are one option for lowering CO2 emissions. Many researchers have investigated the value attributes affecting consumers’ attitudes and behavior around electric motorcycles. The structural model was created using the Partial Least Square – Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM). The questionnaires were circulated through the internet, and 1,223 valid responses were received. Researching people's interest in environmentally friendly vehicles and the growing ecosystem of electric vehicles will indicate that the electric motorcycle business has a bright future. This research also shows that attitude is a major impact on electric motorcycle purchase intention and infrastructure, and subjective norms and perceived behavioral control have a direct effect on electric motorcycle purchase intention. Cost and technology do not influence a person in determining his desire to buy an electric vehicle.

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