Pharmaciana: Jurnal Kefarmasian
Pharmaciana is a scientific journal published by the University of Ahmad Dahlan worked closely with Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia (IAI). Pharmaciana published three times a year, namely March, July and November. with ISSN 2088-4559 and e-ISSN 2477-0256. The article published in the Journal Pharmaciana selected by editors and reviewed by the reviewer. Articles published in Pharmaciana must not be published in other journals or have been previously published. Pharmaciana is indexed in google scholar, ACI (Asean Citation Index), Dimension (Crossreff), Garuda, Sinta, Sherpa Romeo, Index Copernicus International, DOAJ, and BASE. Pharmaciana is accredited by DIKTI (DGHE) of Indonesia No. 105/E/KPT/2022 April 07, 2022
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<![CDATA[The determination of metal content, microbial contamination and dissolution assessment of the ethanol extract of pasak bumi root ]]>
<![CDATA[Nurani, Laela Hayu]]>;
<![CDATA[Kumalasari, Eka]]>;
<![CDATA[Zainab, Zainab]]>;
<![CDATA[Mursyidi, Achmad]]>;
<![CDATA[Widyarini, Sitarina]]>;
<![CDATA[Rohman, Abdul]]>
<![CDATA[ Pharmaciana Vol 7, No 2 (2017): Pharmaciana ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Ahmad Dahlan ]]>
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DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v7i2.6751
<![CDATA[ The Eurycoma longifoliais bitter therefore, to address this problem, it is prepared in a capsule form. The capsule dosage form  must has  the parameters of good quality, thus expected to increase the potential use of biodiversity and the interest of the community in consuming the medicine from the natural materials. The purpose of this research is to get the capsule product of ethanol extract of the Eurycoma longifolia root of quality through the test of total plate value and yeast yeast contamination, the determination of the metal content of Pb, Hg, Cd and the level of flavonoids released in the capsule dissolution test of ethanol extract Eurycoma longifolia root. The result of this research shows that the dissolution efficiency (DE120) capability of ethanol extract of Eurycoma longifolia root is 81,04±2,38%. Test of heavy metal content in capsule of  of ethanol extract of Eurycoma longifolia root found level of Pb equal to 4,132 ppm and not detected content of Cd and Hg in capsule. This indicates that the capsule meets the requirements set by BPOM RI. Tests for total plate numbers (ALT) and yeast capsule ethanol extract of the E. longifolia root were each obtained data of 70 x 102 colonies / g and 4 x 102 colonies / g. It also shows that the capsules meet the requirements by BPOM RI.]]>
<![CDATA[Formulation and antibacterial activity test toothpaste combination of triclosan-extract ethanol of suji leaves (Pleomele angustifolia N.E Brown) ]]>
<![CDATA[Zulfa, Elya]]>;
<![CDATA[Andriani, Rima]]>
<![CDATA[ Pharmaciana Vol 7, No 2 (2017): Pharmaciana ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Ahmad Dahlan ]]>
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DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v7i2.7093
<![CDATA[The suji leaf are generally used by the community as a gargle to remove plaque. Toothpaste is one form of dosage suitable for oral health with triclosan active ingredients, but triklosan is corrosive, resistant to bacteria, and decrease the hormonal system, especially the thyroid hormone. The aim of this research is to know the effect of the addition of variation of the concentration of combination of triclosan-ethanol extracts of suji leaf (T-EESL) on toothpaste preparation to the chemical characteristics, antibacterial activity of Streptococcus mutans. The ethanol extract of 70% of suji leaf was obtained by maceration method, then made toothpaste preparation with variation of T-EESL combination of FI (1:0), FII (0,5:0,5), FIII (0:1). Toothpaste was tested chemical physics characteristics (organoleptic, viscosity, pH, and foam power), antibacterial activity test. The test results are analyzed descriptively. Based on the results of the research obtained it can be concluded that the results of testing the physical physics of chemistry showed the results that all toothpaste formulas meet the physical characteristics of chemical toothpaste. T-EESL toothpaste (0.5:0,5) (FII) has strong antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans so it can be used as an alternative to the existing dosage preparation in the market with triclosan active substance.  ]]>
<![CDATA[Formulation self nano emulsifying drug delivery system glimepiride using oleic acid as oil phase ]]>
<![CDATA[Priani, Sani Ega]]>;
<![CDATA[Nurrayyan, Nurrayyan]]>;
<![CDATA[Darusman, Fitrianti]]>
<![CDATA[ Pharmaciana Vol 7, No 2 (2017): Pharmaciana ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Ahmad Dahlan ]]>
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DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v7i2.7387
<![CDATA[Glimepiride is a third generation sulphonylurea antidiabetic drug. Glimepiride is poorly water soluble drug that may cause poor dissolution and unpredicted bioavailability. Self nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) have become a popular formulation option as nanocarriers for poorly water-soluble drugs. The objective of this research was to develop SNEDDS formulation of glimepiride to improve oral dissolution and bioavailability. Glimepiride SNEDDSÂ was formulated using oleic acid as oil phase, tween 80 as surfactant, and transcutol as co-surfactant due to their higher solubilization effect. The formulated SNEDDS were evaluated for % transmittance, dispersibility, thermodynamic stability, dissolution, globule size and morphology analysis. The results showed that the glimepiride SNEDDS was rapidly formed clear emulsion and stabile based on thermodynamic test. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated the spherical droplets morphology in nanometer range. The globule average diameter size was 45 nm. The SNEDDS formulation significantly increase dissolution of glimepiride compared with pure drug.]]>
<![CDATA[Analysis of the utilization and cost of antibiotics at an intensive care unit in Surabaya ]]>
<![CDATA[Setiawan, Eko]]>;
<![CDATA[Felix, Hidayat]]>;
<![CDATA[Setiadi, Adji Prayitno]]>
<![CDATA[ Pharmaciana Vol 7, No 2 (2017): Pharmaciana ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Ahmad Dahlan ]]>
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DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v7i2.6767
<![CDATA[The appropriateness of antibiotic utilization including the compatibility when it was mixed with other pharmaceutical products are important factors determining the effectiveness and cost of antibiotics treatment among patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). The aim of this research was to figure out the antibiotics utilization, appropriateness, cost, and compatibility profile given to the inpatients of the intensive care unit in one hospital in Surabaya during November-December 2015. This research was prospective observational study using medical records as source of information. All patientsâ data receiving antibiotics that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria was collected and analyzed descriptively. There were 42 patients participated in this research. Analysis of antibiotic utilization profile revealed 46 usage (65.71%) of single antibiotics and 24 usage (34.29%) of combination antibiotics. The most frequently used of antibiotic in single usage was ceftriaxone (43.48%) while in combination were ceftazidime and levofloxacin (12.50%). There were 30 antibiotics treatment changes that 43.34% was classified as escalation process and there was no (0%) any switching from intravenous to oral therapy. Only 4 out of 15 patients with infection related diagnosis (26.67%) got appropriate antibiotic treatment. Moreover, result from compatibility analysis found that 13.96% admixtures between antibiotics and other intravenous pharmaceutical products did not have clear compatibility status. The average of antibiotic cost per-patient was Rp. 459.492 (min-max: Rp 15.852,- to Rp 8.314.914,-).]]>
<![CDATA[Antioxidant activity, determination of total phenolic and flavonoid content of Muntingia calabura L. Extracts ]]>
<![CDATA[Puspitasari, Anita Dwi]]>;
<![CDATA[Wulandari, Ririn Lispita]]>
<![CDATA[ Pharmaciana Vol 7, No 2 (2017): Pharmaciana ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Ahmad Dahlan ]]>
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DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v7i2.7104
<![CDATA[Muntingia calabura L. leaves were contained alkaloids, saponins, phenolic, flavonoids, and tannin. Phenolic and flavonoids compound had antioxidant activity. The present study aims to determine the antioxidant activity, determination of total phenolic and flavonoid content of ethanol extract of Muntingia calabura L. leaves and its fractions. Muntingia calabura L. leaves were macerated with 96% ethanol and then evaporated until ethanol extract was obtained. The ethanol extract was dissolved into water and then partitioned with n hexane and ethyl acetate to obtain the n hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction and water fraction. Determination of antioxidant activity of extracts and fractions was performed by free radical capture measurement method by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) in vitro. Vitamin C was used as a positive control with IC50 value of        25.74 µg/mL. The total phenolic and flavonoid content were determined using the colorimetric method using standard gallic acid for total phenolics and standard quercetin for flavonoid content. The results showed that ethyl acetat fraction showed the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 79.37 μg/mL value compared to n hexane fraction (101.36 μg/mL), ethanol extract (126.47 μg/mL), and water fraction (129.85 μg/mL). The ethyl acetate fraction contains the highest total phenolic of 510.57 mg GAE/g extract compared to ethanol extract (311.10 mg GAE/g extract), water fraction (292.74 mg GAE/g) extract, and n hexane fraction (103.95 mg GAE/g extract). The ethyl acetate fraction contained the highest flavonoid content of 76.32 mg QE/g extract compared to ethanol extract (39.63 mg QE/g extract), water fraction (14.29 mg QE/g extract) and n hexane fraction (3.30 mg QE/g extract). Total phenolic and total flavonoid levels were positively correlated with antioxidant activity]]>
<![CDATA[Antiobesity and antihypercholesterolemic effects of white tea (Camellia sinensis) infusion on high-fat diet induced obese rats ]]>
<![CDATA[Shiyan, Shaum]]>;
<![CDATA[Herlina, Herlina]]>;
<![CDATA[Bella, Annisa Mutiara]]>
<![CDATA[ Pharmaciana Vol 7, No 2 (2017): Pharmaciana ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Ahmad Dahlan ]]>
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DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v7i2.6622
<![CDATA[Obesity may cause the lipid metabolisms disorder so that a risk factor for hypercholesterolemic. Catechin and epigallocatechin gallate in white tea potentially inhibit lipase activity. Caffeine compounds and catechin derivatives have a role as antihypercholesterolemic. The objective of this study was to explore antiobesity and antihypercholesterolemic activity from white tea infusions to lipase and total cholesterol in rats model fed a high-fat-diet. Twenty-five rats were divided into five groups. Negative control group was administered with distilled water. The positive control group was administered with orlistat dose 14.2 mg/kgBW. Group 3rd, 4th, and 5th were treated with white tea infussion doses of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kgBW/day, respectivelly. period and feed intake was calculated daily during the treatment. White tea doses of 500 mg/kgBW decrease the total cholesterol by 37.16±11 mg/dL, lipase level of 23.70±0.64 U/L, weight up to 3.53±1.21 g/day and decrease feed intake by 12.71±1.76 g/day. The infusion of white tea can decrease total cholesterol level, lipase level, body weight and feed intake. This study concluded that infusion of white tea has antiobesity and antihypercholesterolemic effect on rats fed high-fat-diet.]]>
<![CDATA[Antioxidant activity of methanolic extract from yellow paprika (Capsicum annuum, L.) by DPPH radical scavenging method ]]>
<![CDATA[Warsi, Warsi]]>;
<![CDATA[Guntarti, Any]]>
<![CDATA[ Pharmaciana Vol 7, No 2 (2017): Pharmaciana ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Ahmad Dahlan ]]>
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DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v7i2.3905
<![CDATA[Yellow paprika (Capsicum annuumL.) is one of fruit that contains of carotenoid compounds as an antioxidant. This reasearch was aimed to know an antioxidant capacity of methanolic extract from yellow paprika with 2,2âdiphenylâ1âpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method. The fresh yellow paprika was determined of its loss of drying by gravimetric. The yellow paprika extract was obtained by maceration using methanol as solvent. The content of βâcarotene from this extract was analyzed qualitively by thin layer chromatography and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The antioxidant activity of methanolic extract from yellow paprika was determined base on measurement of residual DPPH by UVâVis spectrophothometric at wavelength of 515.6 nm. The data was used to calculate % inhibition. Furthermore, IC50 value was determined to know potency of its antioxidant. The result of loss of drying yellow paprika fruit was obtained 6.33 ± 0.02 %. The analysis with thin layer chromatography and UV-Vis spectrophotometer showed that this fruit was contain of βâcarotene. The result of antioxidant activity analysis from yellow paprika fruit was obtained IC50 value of 0.3028 ± 0.0093 mg/mL. The result of the research showed that the antioxidant potency of yellow paprika was less than βâcarotene (IC50 0.0852 ± 0.0009 mg/mL).]]>
<![CDATA[Cytotoxic effect of 2,3-dihydro-6-hydroxy-2-methylenenaphtho[1,2-b] furan-4,5-dione compound from the bark of faloak (Sterculia quadrifida R.Br) in breast cancer cells T47D ]]>
<![CDATA[Rollando, Rollando]]>;
<![CDATA[Alfanaar, Rokiy]]>
<![CDATA[ Pharmaciana Vol 7, No 2 (2017): Pharmaciana ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Ahmad Dahlan ]]>
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DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v7i2.6699
<![CDATA[Faloak (Sterculia quadrifida R.Br) is used empirically by residents of East Nusa Tenggara for drug plant. The information of the active compound contained in the faloak bark yet specifically published. This study aims to determine the active compound contained in the faloak bark that have cytotoxic activity to T47D breast cancer cells. Extraction process using maceration method, isolation process using gradien isolation method, elusidation using combination of information of IR spectra, 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR and LC-MS, and cytotoxic activity test on T47D breast cancer cells using MTT method. The isolation result obtained that isolate of naphthoquinone derivative compound is 2,3-dihydro-6-hydroxy-2-methylenenaphtho [1,2-b] furan-4,5-dione with IC50 value on T47D breast cancer cell was 9,88 µg/mL and with an index selectivity value was 30,23. ]]>
<![CDATA[In vitro penetration of alpha arbutin niosome span 60 system in gel preparation ]]>
<![CDATA[Desnita, Rise]]>;
<![CDATA[Luliana, Sri]]>;
<![CDATA[Anggraini, Silvana]]>
<![CDATA[ Pharmaciana Vol 7, No 2 (2017): Pharmaciana ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Ahmad Dahlan ]]>
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DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v7i2.6799
<![CDATA[Alpha arbutin is a hydrophilic compound which is difficult to pass trough the stratum corneum. One of the effort to increase the penetration of the drug through the stratum corneum is by making in niosome system. This study aims to determine the optimum concentration of span 60 to improve the entrapment efficiency of niosome and investigate the increasing penetration of alpha arbutin using the niosome system in the preparation of the gel in vitro. Niosome consist a mixture of span 60 and cholesterol it made by thin layer hydration method. Concentration of span 60 was varied into three formulas were 100, 150 and 200 µmoL. The formulation of gel was made in two formulas including formulation of niosome alpha arbutin and alpha arbutin in gel. The determination of enterapment efficiency showed that formula 100µmol has an optimum enterapment efficiency by 99.09%±0.1. The in vitro penetration tests with shed snake skin membrane showed that usage span 60 as a niosome composer could increase penetration of alpha arbutin in gel formulation with cumulative numbers of diffusion in 8 hours was 91.62%±2.32 compared to alpha arbutin in gel without niosome system about 73.00%±0.94.7.]]>
<![CDATA[Effectiveness of banana leaves extract (Musa paradisiaca L.) for wound healing ]]>
<![CDATA[Putra, Dimas Ariandi Candra]]>;
<![CDATA[Lutfiyati, Heni]]>;
<![CDATA[Pribadi, Prasojo]]>
<![CDATA[ Pharmaciana Vol 7, No 2 (2017): Pharmaciana ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Ahmad Dahlan ]]>
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DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v7i2.6251
<![CDATA[Banana leaves (Musa Paradisiaca, L.) has not been widely used in the treatment purpose of this study was to examine the wound healing activity of the gel of banana leaves (Musa paradiasiaca L.) and determine the most effective concentration for wound healing.Target research is to provide natural wound treatment alternatives. The method used is eksperimental.Prosedur research study began with the identification of a banana leaf, banana leaf extraction, formulation of banana leaf extract gel with a concentration of 1%, 5%, 10% and testing to the test animals were harmed .Animal test are grouped into 5 groups the negative control group (base gel), a positive control (bioplacenton), and 3 groups treatment. Measuring of diameter wound on day-1 through day 7. The observation was tested by using ANOVA and Post Hoc Tukey HSD. ANOVA test results showed a significant difference between the mean percentage of wound healing all groups Treatment .The result of Post hoc Tukey HSD at the 95% confidence level showed significant differences in the negative control group when compared to the positive control group and the treatment group gel 5% and 10% .It indicates that the positive control, gel 5% and 10% have a wound healing effect. Positive control group compared with the group treated gel 5% and 10% showed significant differences that the average value of the percentage of wound healing is higher than the positive control treatment group. It means the difference meant that the positive control has better activity. While the group gel 5% when compared with the 10% gel group no significant difference in this case means the group gel 5% with 10% having a comparable effectiveness of wound healing.]]>
