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INDONESIA
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 23030623     EISSN : 24072370     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Materials Science & Nanotechnology
This journal presents articles and information on research, development and applications in biomass conversion processes (thermo-chemical conversion; physico-chemical conversion and bio-chemical conversion) and equipment to produce fuels, power, heat, and value-added chemicals from biomass. A biorefinery takes advantage of the various components in biomass and their intermediates therefore maximizing the value derived from the biomass feedstock. A biorefinery could, for example, produce one or several low-volume, but high-value, chemical or nutraceutical products and a low-value, but high-volume liquid transportation fuel such as biodiesel or bioethanol (see also alcohol fuel). The high-value products increase profitability, the high-volume fuel helps meet energy needs, and the power production helps to lower energy costs and reduce greenhouse gas emissions from traditional power plant facilities. Future biorefineries may play a major role in producing chemicals and materials that are traditionally produced from petroleum.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 8 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 10, No 2 (2021): December 2021 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2]" : 8 Documents clear
Potential of Waste to Energy Processing for Sustainable Tourism in Nusa Penida Island, Bali Sari, Mega Mutiara; Inoue, Takanobu; Harryes, Regil Kentaurus; Suryawan, I Wayan Koko; Yokota, Kuriko; Notodarmojo, Suprihanto; Priyambada, Ika Bagus; Septiariva, Yenis
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 10, No 2 (2021): December 2021 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v10i2.33679

Abstract

Solid waste management on Nusa Penida Island is one of the problems in tourism in Bali Province. To deal with this issue, the government has implemented various policies, where the policy that becomes an essential issue is the processing of energy waste. To support this, it is necessary to study the potential of waste characteristics on the island of Nusa Penida. This study aims to analyse the characteristics of waste on the island of Nusa Penida as an energy source based on the generation and composition of waste. Solid waste generation and composition were measured based on land and marine debris data. The total waste generation on land and marine debris can reach 6364.4 kg/day and 762.8 kg/day, respectively. The waste composition materials consist of masks, plastics, metals, and biodegradable organics with a value of 4.12%, 32.77%, 19.54%, and 43.57%, respectively. Therefore, the potential use of organic biodegradable as solid fuel can reach 51,933.8 MJ/day or 14,426 kWh/day. However, in the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) test, the residue was 18.6%.
Characterization and Preparation of Ni/γAl2O3 Catalyst for Acetylation of Glycerol in a Fixed Bed Reactor Applied as an Octane Booster for Commercial Fuels Dewajani, Heny; Chumaidi, Achmad; Suryandari, Ade Sonya; Dewi, Ernia Novika; Ahsan, Muhammad Hafizh
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 10, No 2 (2021): December 2021 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v10i2.32196

Abstract

Glycerol is a by-product of biodiesel production with the amount of 10% of the total biodiesel product. To increase the utility and economic value of glycerol, it can be processed into several derivative products. One of the glycerol derivative products is currently being developed through the acetylation process. Glycerol acetylation product has been investigated as a component that can be used to increase the octane number of commercial fuels, otherwise known as bio-additives or octane boosters. This study aims to convert glycerol from the by-product of biodiesel production through the acetylation process using a modified solid catalyst Ni/γ-Al2O3 in a fixed bed reactor. The focus of this research is to study the effect of reactant flow rate and the mole ratio of glycerol to acetic acid on glycerol conversion. The variations used were flow rates of feed from 40, 60, 80 and 100 ml/minute, and the mole ratio of glycerol to acetic acid was 1:3, 1:5, 1:7, and 1:9. The experiment was carried out in several stages, namely: preparation and modification of the catalyst, the acetylation process and product application into commercial fuels. The acetylation reaction took place at a temperature of 100 °C and the mass of the catalyst used was 5% of the mass of glycerol. The results showed that the highest conversion of 74.24% was achieved under operating conditions with a reactant flow rate of 40 ml/min and glycerol to acetic acid mole ratio of 1:9. The utilization of acetylation products as bio-additives is carried out by adding reaction products to Pertamax fuel. The highest increase in octane number of Pertamax fuel at the addition of 8% volume of acetylation product from the initial octane number of 93 increased to 102 (increased by 10%).
The Effect of Aggregate Size and Resin Fraction on The Damping Capacity of Epoxy-Marble Composite Hermana, Gita Novian; Kusnowo, Roni; Purwadi, Wiwik; Pradesar, Yusuf
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 10, No 2 (2021): December 2021 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v10i2.34070

Abstract

The production of material with high precission and high complexity has been rapidly increasing in several industrial sector. The high accuracy is difficult to achieve during manufacturing due to vibration factors that influenced the final product of material. In this study the relationship between particle size and percentage of marble aggregate with epoxy resin on damping capacity was studied systematically. The Composite materials were fabricated by using conventional casting technique with 10, 25, and 50% volume fraction of resin and two marble aggregate groups with 0.5-0.7 mm and 1.4-2.0 mm in particle size. The casting process was using multilayer pouring technologies to prevent void formation. 10% epoxy resin-fine marble aggregate has very good vibration result with 0.003 mm in displacement, 0.23 mm/s in velocity, and 0.2 m/s2 in acceleration. The 10% epoxy resin-fine marble aggregate also has the best damping ratio among the composite due to the large specific area and porosity inside the marble material with value of 0.5%. The multilayer pour techniques for composite has been successfully adapted in this study to minimalize void/bubble formation inside and upperside of epoxy resin during the fabrication of composite. The secondary electron image of composite was observed that the marble aggregates and epoxy resin bonding are very good and no crack or void formation in the interface of the marble aggregate and epoxy resin.
Hybrid Particleboard Made of Corn Husk (Zea Mays L.) and Sembilang Bamboo (Dendrocalamus Giganteus Munro): Effect of Adhesive Type and Particle Composition Prasetiyo, Kurnia Wiji; Hermawan, Dede; Hadi, Yusuf Sudo; Subyakto, Subyakto; Firdaus, Muhammad; Syamani, Firda Aulya; Astari, Lilik
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 10, No 2 (2021): December 2021 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v10i2.31600

Abstract

Particleboard is a panel product made of wood particles or other lignocellulosic materials added with adhesive then pressed. The development of particleboard manufactured using non wood biomass has become important due to the decreased of wood as main raw material for the particleboard industry. Corn husk (Zea mays L.) and Sembilang bamboo (Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro) are lignocellulosic biomass that has  potential as  renewable materials for hybrid particleboard. The purposes of this study were to determine the suitability, the effect of adhesive type, and particle composition on physical and mechanical properties of hybrid particleboard made of corn husk and Sembilang bamboo particles. The adhesive types used were urea formaldehyde (UF) and phenol formaldehyde (PF) with 10 wt% adhesive content and the composition of corn husk : Sembilang bamboo was  set at 100 : 0, 75 : 25, 50 : 50, 25 : 75, 0 : 100 (% w/w). The target density of hybrid particleboard was set at 0.80 g/cm3. The boards were manufactured at 130 °C for UF and 150 °C for PF press temperature, 10 minutes and 2.5 MPa for the pressure of the hot press. The results showed that hybrid particleboard properties improved with increasing the amount of Sembilang bamboo particles in the board. Hybrid particleboard properties affected in ascending order were modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bond (IB) and screw holding power (SHP). Generally, hybrid particleboard bonded PF adhesive has better properties than bonded UF adhesive. Results indicated that the addition of Sembilang bamboo particles in the mixture resulted in better properties of hybrid particleboard.
Synthesis and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Lignocellulosic Biomass: Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches and Mahogany Sawdust Arundina, Ria Yolanda; Permana, Indri; Togatorop, Ester Rimma Suryani; Ismadi, Ismadi; Kusumah, Sukma Surya; Budiman, Ismail; Subyakto, Subyakto; Marlina, Resti
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 10, No 2 (2021): December 2021 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v10i2.33488

Abstract

Lignocellulosic biomass is a biological residue from the agricultural or forestry industry which is composed of polymeric cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and other extractive components. One of the products in the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass waste is activated carbon products. In this study, two types of lignocellulosic biomass waste were used, namely Empty Palm Oil Bunches (OPEFB) and Mahogany Sawdust (MS) to be converted into activated carbon using the hydrothermal-pyrolysis method. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) was used as an activating agent at high concentrations (50% w/w) to improve the adsorption mechanism in activated carbon material. Proximate analysis was carried out to obtain information related to yield, moisture content, and ash content. In addition, activated carbon samples were characterized using FTIR, XRD, and FESEM to observe the chemical bonds, structure, and morphology of activated carbon, respectively. The proximate analysis showed that the activated carbon sample had met the SNI 63-3730-1995 standard for technical activated carbon on the parameters of water content and ash content, while the FTIR spectrum showed the mechanism of biomass conversion from raw materials to activated carbon on a chemical bond approach. Furthermore, the XRD graph shows a reduction in the crystal size of the material from raw material to activated carbon material. Finally, the FESEM image shows a significant increase in the quality and quantity of pores on the carbon material before and after activation.
Analysis of Molecular Stability on Waste Extracts of Trigona spp. Bees Haves. Ethanolically Asfar, Andi Muhamad Iqbal Akbar; Asfar, Andi Muhammad Irfan Taufan
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 10, No 2 (2021): December 2021 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v10i2.33471

Abstract

One of the local honey of South Sulawesi is Trigona honey which comes from Trigona spp. There are three types of trigona bees in South Sulawesi with each colony consisting of 300-80,000 individuals. Trigona bees are found nesting in hollow places such as logs, tree holes, and cracks in the walls of houses. The nest entrance is made of plant resin mixed with soil and mud, with different shapes and colors depending on the species. This type of bee produces a lot of propolis compared to honey and the price of honey produced is much higher because it has a chemical content (health benefits) that is much better than ordinary honey from the Apis mellifera group. This study was designed by extracting in ethanolic process at a concentration of 70%. The choice of concentration was based on previous research with an extraction temperature of 60 °C. The treatment of this research is to vary the time, namely 10 minutes, 20 minutes, and 30 minutes as a setting for the extraction time. Each treatment will be carried out in duplicate. This shows that in the honeycomb waste Trigona spp. contains terpenoids which are classified as antioxidants. Therefore, beehive waste Trigona spp. potential to be used as a source of antioxidants. In addition, several compounds are also relatively large antibacterial and anti-microbial compounds contained in the waste of Trigona spp beehives. The optimum solvent used by comparing the percentage of abundance (abundance/relative) through the percentage of the area and molecular stability after fragmentation is through the ethanolic process using ethanol solvent with percent abundance at 218 m/z and 189 m/z with the largest compound contained is Methyl Commate A and Alpha-Amyrin
Production of Single Cell Protein from Banana Peel Waste in Batch Fermentation Using Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Azwar, Azwar; Mukhlishien, Mukhlishien; Muslim, Abrar; Hadissa, Putri; Ningsih, Utari Hadi; Zanil, M. F.; Ali, J. M.
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 10, No 2 (2021): December 2021 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v10i2.34056

Abstract

Through engineering the fermentation process, it is hoped that new data can be obtained that will explain the ability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to maximize the production of single-cell protein (SCP). SCP microorganisms have a high protein content, making them suitable for use as a human protein source as well as food additives in the cattle and fishing industries. The goal of this experiment is to see if the microbe Saccharomyces cerevisiae can generate SCP from banana peel waste. Some of the process variables used in this study include the variation in nutrition, fermentation time, and the effect of pH variations on SCP production. Where the variation in pH used is 3; 3.5; 4; 4.5; 5; and 5.5. As for the nutrients used, namely (NH4)2SO4 and KH2PO4 with a variety of nutrients, namely 0; 0.3; 0.6; 0.9; and 1.2 grams. Then the fermentation time was varied to 1,2,3,4 days. This study also analyzed the growth of microorganism cells using wet weight and dry weight with variations in pH and nutrition. The variation in nutrition is the same as the variation in the previous analysis of protein content, and the fermentation time is 1,2,3,4,5,6, and 7. In the analysis of protein content with Kjeldahl protein, the obtained optimal pH is 4.5 and the optimal protein content is 0.6 grams. As for the fermentation time, the optimal protein content is obtained on the 4th day. For the growth of microorganisms, the optimal pH is obtained at a pH value of 4.5 with optimal nutrition of 0.6 grams, and the optimal fermentation time is obtained on the 7th day.
The Capability of Mangrove Charcoal in Adsorption Process of Indigosol Substance in Wastewater of Batik Industry Maryudi, Maryudi; Salamah, Siti; Rahayu, Aster
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 10, No 2 (2021): December 2021 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v10i2.33351

Abstract

The development of the textile industry has had a positive impact on economic growth in Indonesia. Batik is one of the products of the textile industry that is proliferating in Indonesia. Dyes are the main ingredients in the textile and batik industrial process. One of the dyes used is indigosol, and about 15% of the total dyes used will result in industrial liquid waste. The presence of these dyes can damage the water and soil ecosystems. Liquid sewage treatment is needed to minimize the amount of contamination against groundwater and surface water. A standard method used in the handling of liquid waste is by adsorption process with various adsorbents. Commonly used adsorbents are silica gel, activated alumina, zeolite, polymer, and activated carbon. Activated charcoal from mangroves becomes an alternative to natural adsorbents with a large surface area. The ability of activated charcoal as an adsorbent was the focus of this study, both by the activation process by Fe cations and the addition of hydrogen peroxide activators. Characterization using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer is performed to see changes in indigosol concentration during the adsorption process. Results have shown that charcoal with Fe and H2O2 give a better performance on adsorption of indigosol than pure charcoal. Removal of indigosol by charcoal + Fe and H2O2 can reach 51%.

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