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Factors Affecting the Participation of Sugarcane and Tobacco Farmers in Farmer Groups, Associations and Cooperatives in Indonesia Rokhani, Rokhani; Fauziyah, Diana; Supriono, Agus; Hariyati, Yuli; Raharto, Sugeng; Hapsari, Triana Dewi; Adi, Ad Hariyanto; Khasan, Ahmad Fatikhul; Rondhi, Mohammad
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 36, No 2 (2021): October
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v36i2.46817

The revitalization of farmer organizations has become the central paradigm in agricultural development. In Indonesia, increasing farmer participation in farmer groups, associations and cooperatives is the strategy to revitalize farmer organizations. This study aimed to determine the factors influencing farmers' participation in farmer groups, associations and cooperatives. This study employed data from the Sugarcane and Tobacco Plantation Farm Household Survey in 2014, consisting of 8,831 (70.73%) sugarcane farmers and 3,645 (29.27%) tobacco farmers. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors contributing to farmers' participation in each organization. The results showed that harvest area, access to extension and contract farming positively affect farmers’ participation in organizations. Farmers' age and education positively affect their participation in associations and cooperatives but do not significantly affect their group participation. Land tenure has an ununiform effect on farmer participation in each organization. Tenant farmers are less likely to participate in farmer groups and cooperatives, but they tend to participate in associations. Meanwhile, the owner farmers are less likely to join cooperatives. Government support positively influences farmer group participation, shows a negative effect on participation in associations and has a non-significant effect on participation in cooperatives. Finally, farmers' wealth gives a positive effect on their participation in cooperatives, a negative effect on their participation in associations and a non-significant effect on farmer groups. These results depict that farmer groups are more inclusive than cooperatives and associations.

FARMERSâ€™ SATISFACTION TOWARD ARRANGEMENT AND PERFORMANCE OF SUGARCANE CONTRACT FARMING IN WONOLANGAN SUGAR MILL, PROBOLINGGO, EAST JAVA Rondhi, Mohammad; Ratnasari, Devyana Dwi; Supriono, Agus; Hapsari, Triana Dewi; Kuntadi, Ebban Bagus; Agustina, Titin; Suwandari, Anik; Rokhani, Rokhani
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 26, No 2 (2020): December, 2020
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v26n2.2020.58-68

The sugarcane supply chain needs to be efficient and highly coordinated to ensure quality and quantity. Contract farming is an instrument used to achieve efficiency and high coordination of the sugarcane supply chain. The efficiency of contract farming depends on how the contract's arrangement satisfies the requirements and characteristics of each party involved. This study aimed to analyze the arrangement and farmer's satisfaction toward the implementation of contract farming. This study was conducted at PG Wonolangan in Probolinggo, East Java, on March, April, and September 2018. The samples used in this study consisted of 100 sugarcane contract farmers in PG Wonolangan and seven employees of PG Wonolangan. Descriptive and rank Spearman correlation analyses were employed to analyze the arrangement and farmer's satisfaction toward contract farming. The results of this study showed that there was a change in the contractual arrangement between PG and farmers. Currently, the role of PG changed from acting as farm credit and inputs supplier into a market guarantor for farmers; the changes reduced the risk and capital requirements of PG. In general, farmers were satisfied with the implementation of contract farming. The farmers' satisfaction increased as farm extension, scheduled planting and harvesting times, and the quickest harvest and transport management. However, they have concerns regarding farm inputs provision and profit-sharing mechanism.Keywords: Sugarcane agribusiness, correlation analysis, supply chainAbstrakKEPUASAN PETANI TERHADAP POLA DAN KINERJA KEMITRAAN USAHATANI TEBU DI PABRIK GULA WONOLANGAN, PROBOLINGGO, JAWA TIMURRantai pasok agribisnis tebu perlu efisiensi dan keeratan koordinasi yang tinggi untuk menjaga kualitas dan kuantitas gula yang dihasilkan. Kemitraan adalah salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan koordinasi rantai pasok agribisnis tebu. Efisiensi kemitraan tergantung pada bagaimana pola kemitraan tersebut bisa memuaskan kebutuhan dan karakteristik pihak yang bermitra. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola kemitraan usahatani tebu dan kepuasan petani terhadap kinerja kemitraan. Penelitian dilakukan pada Pabrik Gula (PG) Wonolongan di Kabupaten Probolinggo, Jawa Timur, pada bulan Maret, April, dan September 2018. Responden terdiri dari 100 petani mitra PG Wonolangan dan 7 pegawai PG Wonolangan. Analisis deskriptif dan korelasi rank spearman digunakan untuk menjelaskan pola kemitraan dan kepuasan petani terhadap kemitraan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi perubahan pola kemitraan antara PG dengan petani. PG berubah peran dari yang sebelumnya sebagai pemberi kredit dan input usahatani menjadi penjamin pasar, perubahan ini menurunkan risiko usaha PG serta modal awal yang harus dikeluarkan PG. Secara umum, petani mitra merasa puas dengan kemitraan yang dijalankan PG Wonolangan. Faktor yang memperkuat kepuasan petani adalah adanya bimbingan teknis dari PG, teraturnya jadwal tanam dan panen, serta cepatnya proses tebang dan angkut. Akan tetapi fasilitas saprodi, sistem bagi hasil dan penentuan rendemen dengan sistem hamparan merupakan faktor yang menjadi perhatian petani.Kata kunci : Agribisnis tebu, analisis korelasi, rantai pasok.

FACTORS AFFECTING FARMER'S CLIMATE RISK PERCEPTION IN DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES : EVIDENCE FROM SWITZERLAND AND GHANA Rokhani Rokhani; Ahmad Asrofi; Ahmad Fatikhul Khasan
Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian (J-SEP) Vol 13 No 3 (2020): JSEP (JURNAL SOSIAL EKONOMI PERTANIAN)
Publisher : University of Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/jsep.v13i3.20283

Climate change is the primary challenge of agricultural production in developing and developed countries. Farmers' perception of climate change is the critical driver in encouraging farmers to take autonomous adaptation practices. Thus, this study aimed to identify factors affecting farmers' perception of climate change in developing and developed countries and take Ghana and Switzerland as the study cases. The study used data from 378 cocoa farmers in Ghana and 109 farmers in Switzerland. The data was obtained from a structured interview and survey and contained socio-economic and farm characteristics of farmers. This study employed an ordered probit regression to estimate the factors affecting farmers' perception of climate change. The results show that landholding, farm income, and education significantly affect farmer perception of climate change. Landholding and farm income significantly affect farmer perception of climate change in Switzerland and Ghana. But, education only significantly affects the farmers' perception of climate change in Switzerland. Meanwhile, age and crops/livestock ownership does not significantly affect farmers' perception of climate change in Ghana and Switzerland. The results also show that Switzerland's farmers have a stronger perception of climate change than farmers in Ghana. Keywords: climate risk perception, climate change perception, Ghana, Switzerland

Assessing Determinants of Farmer’s Participation in Sugarcane Contract Farming in Indonesia Rokhani Rokhani; Mohammad Rondhi; Ebban Bagus Kuntadi; Joni Murti Mulyo Aji; Anik Suwandari; Agus Supriono; Triana Dewi Hapsari
AGRARIS: Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development Research Vol 6, No 1: January-June 2020
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

The integrated value chain is a prerequisite for the successful industrialization of the agricultural sector. Contract farming (CF) is a useful instrument to integrate the agricultural value chain in developing countries such as Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to identify the determinants of farmer participation in sugarcane contract farming. The data utilized in this study was obtained from the Indonesian Plantation Farm Household Survey 2014 for Sugarcane. The data consists of 8.831 farmers distributed in 8 provinces. Logistic regression was used to estimate the determinants of farmer participation in sugarcane CF. The result shows that age, education, and type of cultivated land negatively affect farmer participation in sugarcane CF. Meanwhile, land tenure, cultivation area, cropping system, certified seed, membership in a cooperative, access to extension services, and membership in farmer’s association positively affect farmer participation in sugarcane CF. The policy implication for increasing farmer participation in CF is to intensify the information of CF to the farmer with a large cultivation area. Since these farmers tend to participate in CF to anticipate marketing risks.

The Effect of Agricultural Extension Access on The Performance of Smallholder Sugarcane Farmers in Indonesia Rokhani Rokhani; Ahmad Asrofi; Ad Hariyanto Adi; Ahmad Fatikhul Khasan; Mohammad Rondhi
AGRARIS: Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development Research Vol 7, No 2: July-December 2021
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Agricultural extension plays a crucial role in the Indonesian Agricultural Revitalization Program for the 2005-2025 periods, where sugarcane is one of the fourteen priority crops. The provision of an agricultural extension was aimed to increase the income and productivity of sugarcane farmers. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of agricultural extension access on smallholder sugarcane farmers' performance in Indonesia. This study used data from the 2014 Indonesian Sugarcane Farm Household Survey, consisting of 8,831 farmers. This study employed propensity score matching to estimate the effect of access to an agricultural extension on several outcome variables. These variables were gross value-added (GVA), net value added (NVA), labor productivity (LP), land productivity (LDP), net income (NI), and remuneration of family labor (ROFL). The result shows that having access to an agricultural extension increases GVA by 40.5%, NVA by 40.3%, labor productivity by 42.8%, and NI by 40.2%. However, access to agricultural extension insignificantly affects ROFL due to the differences in family working units. Also, farmers with Agricultural Extension access have 13.7% lower land productivity than non-Agricultural Extension farmers since the former has lower input use intensity than the latter. These results suggest that providing agricultural extension service is adequate to improve sugarcane farmers' economic performance.

Asymmetric Information, Transaction Costs, and Farmers Decision To Participate In Tobacco Voor-Oogst Kasturi Contract Farming M Rondhi; Rokhani Rokhani; Anik Suwandari; Kintani Sekarkundi Lahitani; Ahmad Fatikhul Khasan; Dian Permata Sari
Agro Ekonomi Vol 32, No 2 (2021): DECEMBER 2021
Publisher : Department of Agricultural Socio-Economics Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ae.60706

Contract farming is a vital tool to connect farmer and industry. However, contracts participation between tobacco farmers and tobacco leaf supplier (TLS) was still low even though the benefit of the contract is enormous. The low participation was related to factors that affect the contract, demographics, farm characteristic, and other related factors. However, farmer participation on the contract was still low. Besides, contracts initially became a tool to prevent market failure since it regulated how economic actors acted against others causing transaction costs (TC) due to asymmetric information that made the contract not function ideally. Therefore, this study attempts to (1) explain factors underlying farmer decision to participate in contract farming (CF), (2) explain asymmetric information. Respondents in this study were 100 respondents consisting of 50 tobacco contract farmers, and 50 independent farmers. This study applied logistic regression analysis to analyze factors affecting farmer participation in CF. Besides, the New Institutional Economy approach was exerted to analyze asymmetric information on product transfer from farmer to TLS. The results showed that factors that significantly influenced tobacco farmers' decision-making to participate in CF are farming experience, land size, risk aversion level (RAL), the certainty of price, and source of capital. Asymmetric information caused adverse selection and moral hazard. About 30% of farmers had sold products to other parties (other TLSs and middleman), and 8% of farmers had applied pesticides that TLS prohibited. Contracts that were not ideal due to asymmetric information must be re-enforced by using additional costs called transaction costs, divided into three types, (1) search and information costs, (2) cost to design, negotiate and conclude and (3) the monitor and contract enforcement costs. Monitoring costs had the potential to absorb the most considerable portion compared to the other types of transaction costs. The greater the asymmetric information generated, the greater the transaction costs incurred.

Keragaman Perilaku Petani Padi Dalam Penjualan Gabah (Kasus Di Kecamatan Air Manjunto, Kabupaten Mukomuko, Provinsi Bengkulu) Andi Ishak; Jhon Firison; Rokhani Rokhani
UNEJ e-Proceeding 2018: Pembangunan Pertanian dan Peran Pendidikan Tinggi Agribisnis: Peluang & Tantangan di Era Indus
Publisher : UPT Penerbitan Universitas Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Rice farming in irrigated land has a dual purpose, namely to fulfill the family's riceneeds and obtain income from the sale of production surplus. The aim of this study was todetermine the diversity of farmer's behavior in selling grain and the factors that influence it. Thestudy was conducted in two villages namely Tirta Makmur and Tirta Mulya Villages in AirManjunto District Mukomuko Regency in April to May 2017. Data was collected through indepthinterviewswith14farmergroupleadersasinformantsregardingthebehaviorofricepaddy farmers selling grain and reasons the background. Data analysis was carried out descriptivelyusing an interactive model. The results showed that there were three patterns of farmers' behaviorin selling grain, namely direct selling of harvested dry grain (GKP) carried out by around 60% offarmers, delayed selling by 30% of farmers, and borrowing selling by 10% of farmers. The patternof sales by delay selling results in the highest revenue of Rp. 29,150,000/ha, compared to directselling (Rp. 25,200,000/ha) and borrowing selling (Rp. 26,400,000). Factors that influence thediversity of farmers' behavior patterns in selling grain are grain prices at harvest, economicconditions of farmer households, and farmer relations with rice trader collectors that determinesthe bargaining power of farmers.

Analisis Usahatani Pola Tanam Sayuran pada Lahan Gambut Wawan Eka Putra; Andi Ishak; Rokhani Rokhani
UNEJ e-Proceeding 2018: Pembangunan Pertanian dan Peran Pendidikan Tinggi Agribisnis: Peluang & Tantangan di Era Indus
Publisher : UPT Penerbitan Universitas Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Cropping pattern is the activity of planting one or several types of plants on the same land in a certain period. The selection of certain cropping patterns is determined by various factors, one of which is the value of farming profits. This study aims to analyze the advantages of vegetable cropping patterns on peat land in the Mutiara Farmer Group, Panca Mukti Village, Pondok Kelapa District, Bengkulu Tengah Regency. There are two cropping patterns of vegetable crops in a year applied by farmers in Mutiara Farmer Group namely cucumber – bitter melon - long beans and cucumber – squash – long beans. Data was collected from August to September 2018 through FGD and field observations. The FGD involved 7 vegetable farmers. Data were analyzed comparatively using the R-C ratio. The results showed that the cucumber – bitter melon – long beans cropping pattern was more profitable with a receipt value of Rp. 54,135,500/hectare/year compared to the cucumber – squash – long beans planting pattern of Rp. 51,830,500/hectare/year. The R/C in the two cropping patterns was 1.28 and 1.27 respectively.

PELATIHAN PENINGKATAN KAPASITAS KEWIRAUSAHAAN DI DESA GELUNG, PANARUKAN, SITUBONDO Rokhani Rokhani; Nurul Dwi Novikarumsari; Sofia Sofia; Djoko Soejono
SELAPARANG: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Berkemajuan Vol 6, No 1 (2022): Maret
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31764/jpmb.v6i1.7546

ABSTRAKDesa Gelung merupakan desa di Kecamatan Panarukan, Kabupaten Situbondo yang berbatasan dengan Selat Madura dan memiliki kekhasan dalam wirausaha rengginang. Kelompok UMKM rengginang telah berjalan turun terumurun. Rengginang merupakan salah satu produk yang sudah yang menjadi identitas desa tersebut. Rengginang ikan Desa Gelung dikenal luas paling enak di Kabupaten Situbondo.Rengginang merupakan salah satu produk yang sudah yang menjadi identitas desa Gelung, namun pada masa pandemic covid-19 sebagian besar produsen rengginang mengalami kendala sehingga berdampak pada penurunan perekonomian masyarakat Desa Gelung. Berkaitan hal tersebut maka kegiatan pelatihan peningkatan kapasitas kewirausahaan ini dilakukan guna membantu UMKM Desa Gelung terus konsisten berjalan. Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli sampai dengan Oktober 2021 dengan metode Participatory Action Research (PAR) dalam satu lingkup sosial masyarakat mengarah perubahan yang lebih baik. Kegiatan pengabdian dilaksanakan meliputi beberapa tahapan yaitu tahap 1) survey/persiapan, 2) pelaksanaan, 3) monitoring dan evaluasi. Penyampaian materi dilakukan oleh tim dengan metode diskusi dan role play serta metode sosialisasi dan presentasi. Hasil kegiatan pelatihan peningkatan kapasitas kewirausahan menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas peserta mengemukakan sangat puas dan memberikan dampak positif bagi peserta. Mayoritas peserta pelatihan menilai pelatihan sangat puas dan sangat bermanfaat. Lebih lanjut pelatihan dan pendampingan terhadap UMKM di Desa Gelung perlu dilakukan secara berkesinambungan sehingga memajukan rengginang sebagai produk khas Desa Gelung, Kecamatan Panarukan, Kabupaten Situbondo, Provinsi Jawa Timur. Kata kunci: pengabdian; kewirausahaan; UMKM; peningkatan kapasitas; rengginang. ABSTRACTGelung Village is located in Panarukan District, Situbondo Regency which borders the Madura Strait. Gelung has uniqueness in rengginang entrepreneurship. The Rengginang MSME group has been running for generations. Rengginang is one of the products that has become the identity of the village.Rengginang is one of the products that has become the identity of Gelung village, but during the covid-19 pandemic, most of the rengginang producers experienced problems, resulting in a decline in the economy of the Gelung Village community. The entrepreneurship capacity-building training activity was carried out to help the MSMEs of Gelung Village continue to run consistently. This activity has been carried out from July to October 2021 with the Participatory Action Research (PAR) method in a social community that leads to better changes. The community service activities include several stages: 1) survey/preparation, 2) implementation, 3) monitoring and evaluation. The material was delivered by the team using discussion and role-play methods as well as socialization and presentation methods. The results of the entrepreneurship capacity building training activity showed that the majority of participants were very satisfied and had a positive impact on the participants. The majority of training participants rated the training as very satisfying and very useful. Furthermore, training and assistance for MSMEs in Gelung Village need to be carried out continuously to promote rengginang as a typical product of Gelung Village, Panarukan District, Situbondo Regency, East Java Province. Keywords: community empowerment; entrepreneur; mall and Medium Enterprise (SME); capacity building; rengginang.

FARMERS’ SATISFACTION TOWARD ARRANGEMENT AND PERFORMANCE OF SUGARCANE CONTRACT FARMING IN WONOLANGAN SUGAR MILL, PROBOLINGGO, EAST JAVA Mohammad Rondhi; Devyana Dwi Ratnasari; Agus Supriono; Triana Dewi Hapsari; Ebban Bagus Kuntadi; Titin Agustina; Anik Suwandari; Rokhani Rokhani
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 26, No 2 (2020): December, 2020
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v26n2.2020.58-68

The sugarcane supply chain needs to be efficient and highly coordinated to ensure quality and quantity. Contract farming is an instrument used to achieve efficiency and high coordination of the sugarcane supply chain. The efficiency of contract farming depends on how the contract's arrangement satisfies the requirements and characteristics of each party involved. This study aimed to analyze the arrangement and farmer's satisfaction toward the implementation of contract farming. This study was conducted at PG Wonolangan in Probolinggo, East Java, on March, April, and September 2018. The samples used in this study consisted of 100 sugarcane contract farmers in PG Wonolangan and seven employees of PG Wonolangan. Descriptive and rank Spearman correlation analyses were employed to analyze the arrangement and farmer's satisfaction toward contract farming. The results of this study showed that there was a change in the contractual arrangement between PG and farmers. Currently, the role of PG changed from acting as farm credit and inputs supplier into a market guarantor for farmers; the changes reduced the risk and capital requirements of PG. In general, farmers were satisfied with the implementation of contract farming. The farmers' satisfaction increased as farm extension, scheduled planting and harvesting times, and the quickest harvest and transport management. However, they have concerns regarding farm inputs provision and profit-sharing mechanism.Keywords: Sugarcane agribusiness, correlation analysis, supply chainAbstrakKEPUASAN PETANI TERHADAP POLA DAN KINERJA KEMITRAAN USAHATANI TEBU DI PABRIK GULA WONOLANGAN, PROBOLINGGO, JAWA TIMURRantai pasok agribisnis tebu perlu efisiensi dan keeratan koordinasi yang tinggi untuk menjaga kualitas dan kuantitas gula yang dihasilkan. Kemitraan adalah salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan koordinasi rantai pasok agribisnis tebu. Efisiensi kemitraan tergantung pada bagaimana pola kemitraan tersebut bisa memuaskan kebutuhan dan karakteristik pihak yang bermitra. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola kemitraan usahatani tebu dan kepuasan petani terhadap kinerja kemitraan. Penelitian dilakukan pada Pabrik Gula (PG) Wonolongan di Kabupaten Probolinggo, Jawa Timur, pada bulan Maret, April, dan September 2018. Responden terdiri dari 100 petani mitra PG Wonolangan dan 7 pegawai PG Wonolangan. Analisis deskriptif dan korelasi rank spearman digunakan untuk menjelaskan pola kemitraan dan kepuasan petani terhadap kemitraan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi perubahan pola kemitraan antara PG dengan petani. PG berubah peran dari yang sebelumnya sebagai pemberi kredit dan input usahatani menjadi penjamin pasar, perubahan ini menurunkan risiko usaha PG serta modal awal yang harus dikeluarkan PG. Secara umum, petani mitra merasa puas dengan kemitraan yang dijalankan PG Wonolangan. Faktor yang memperkuat kepuasan petani adalah adanya bimbingan teknis dari PG, teraturnya jadwal tanam dan panen, serta cepatnya proses tebang dan angkut. Akan tetapi fasilitas saprodi, sistem bagi hasil dan penentuan rendemen dengan sistem hamparan merupakan faktor yang menjadi perhatian petani.Kata kunci : Agribisnis tebu, analisis korelasi, rantai pasok.

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