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Insects on pig carcasses as a model for predictor of death interval in forensic medicine Wangko, Sunny; Kristanto, Erwin G.; Kalangi, Sonny J.R.; Huijbregts, Johannes; Sembel, Dantje T.
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol 24, No 2 (2015): June
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Background: Forensic entomology has not been acknowledged in Indonesia so far. Indonesian carrion insects are very rarely reported. The aim of this study was to obtain the types of insects on pig carcasses that could be used for the estimation of post-mortem interval.Methods: Four domestic pigs sacrificed with different methods were used as a model. The carcasses were observed twice daily (around 9 a.m and 4 p.m) during 15 days to assess the stages of decomposition and to collect insects, both in mature and immature stages. The immature insects were reared and the mature insects were indentified in the Laboratory of Pests and Plant Diseases, University of Sam Ratulangi, Manado. Chrysomya megacephala and C. rufifacies were identified both morphologically and with deoxyribose-nucleic acid (DNA) techniques.Results: Five stages of decomposition (fresh, bloated, active decay, post-decay, and skeletonization) were observed. A total of 11 Diptera and 8 Coleoptera species were found during a 15-days succession study. Chrysomya megacephala, C. rufifacies and Hermetia illucens colonized in all carcasses.Conclusion: Insects found on four different pig carcasses consisted mainly of widespread Diptera and Coleoptera. Chrysomya megacephala, C. rufifacies and Hermetia illucens seemed to be primary candidates for the estimation of the post-mortem interval.

Gambaran histologik otot jantung pada hewan coba postmortem Ubruangge, Tonci; Wangko, Sunny; Kalangi, Sonny J.R.
e-Biomedik Vol 4, No 2 (2016): eBiomedik
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/ebm.v4i2.13731

Abstract: Commonly, unnatural death is complicated and causes difficulties for to the investigating officers to reveal the modus operandi and the time of death. Estimation of postmortem interval is very important in the investigation, albeit, it is frequently put the investigators to a debate. This study aimed to obtain the histological changes of heart muscle at several time intervals postmortem. This was a descriptive observational study. A domestic pig weighed Â±20kg was used as model. The pig was killled by conducting a blunt trauma at its occipital area. Heart muscle samples were taken at several time intervals as follows: 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 60 minutes, 75 minutes, 90 minutes, 105 minutes, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours postmortem. The histological changes were observed with an Olympus CX21 microscope and Optilab. The percentages of those changes were evaluated at 5 high-power fields (400x) for each sample. The results showed that less than 30% of myocytes had flattened and denser nuclei at 105 minutes postmortem and were associated with hydrophic degeneration at 2 hours postmortem. Those changes became widely spreaded and at 24 hours postmortem they could be identified in 60-80% of myocytes. Albeit, the striated pattern could still be identified until 24 hours postmortem. Conclusion: The histological changes of heart muscle postmortem namely morpholocical changes of the nuclei and hydrophic degeneration could be identified at 2 hours postmortem. At 24 hours postmortem those changes were distributed widely among the myocytes, however, the striated pattern could still be identified. Moreover, there were still focal areas with normal appearance. Keywords: histological changes, cardiac muscle, postmortemÂ Abstrak: Kematian tidak wajar yang dialami seseorang dengan berbagai motif kejahatan dapat menyulitkan para penyidik dalam menggungkapkan modus operandi dan waktu kematian. Penentuan lama kematian k orban sangat dibutuhkan dan sering menjadi perdebatan di peradilan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan perubahan histologik jaringan otot jantung hewan coba pada beberapa interval waktu postmortem. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif-observasional menggunakan hewan coba satu ekor babi lokal dengan berat badan Â±20kg. Hewan coba dimatikan dengan pukulan benda tumpul pada area osipital. Sampel otot jantung diambil pada beberapa interval waktu: 15 menit, 30 menit, 45 menit, 60 menit, 75 menit, 90 menit, 105 menit, 2 jam, 3 jam, 4 jam, 5 jam, 6 jam, 12 jam, dan 24 jam postmortem. Perubahan histologik diamati dengan mikroskop Olympus CX21 dan Optilab. Persentase perubahan tersebut dievaluasi pada 5 lapang pandang pembesaran 400x. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan <30% miosit dengan inti yang memipih dan memadat pada 105 menit postmortem serta degenerasi hidropik 2 jam postmortem. Perubahan-perubahan tersebut makin meluas dan pada 24 jam postmortem telah tampak pada 60-80% miosit jantung tetapi corak seran lintang tetap dapat diidentifikasi. Simpulan: Perubahan histologik berupa perubahan morfologik inti disertai degenerasi hidropik mulai tampak pada 2 jam postmortem dan pada 24 jam postmortem perubahan tersebut telah terdistribusi luas. Walaupun demikian, pada 24 jam postmortem corak seran lintang masih dapat diidentifikasi. Juga terdapat area-area fokal dengan jaringan otot jantung yang masih tampak normal.Kata kunci: perubahan histologik, otot jantung, postmortem

GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGIK PARU PADA HEWAN COBA POSTMORTEM Ali, Sekar N.; Wangko, Sunny; Kalangi, Sonny J.R.
eBiomedik Vol 6, No 1 (2018): eBiomedik
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/ebm.6.1.2018.18714

Abstract: Postmortem changes play an important role in estimation of the time of death. This study was aimed to obtain the histopathological changes of lungs at several time intervals postmortem. This was a descriptive observational study using a local pig as the animal model killed by stabbing in the heart. Lung samples were taken at 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 60 minutes, 75 minutes, 90 minutes, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours postmortem. The results showed that the earliest histological change could be identified at 60 minutes postmortem in the form of alveolar dilatation. At 2 hours postmortem, congestion of smooth muscle layers of bronchioles was observed. The epithelial cells of the alveoli were undetected at 3 hours postmortem meanwhile the smooth muscle layers were undetected at 12 hours postmortem. At 24 hours postmortem, the bronchioles were still detected but the structure of their layers could not be identified. Conclusion: Histopathological changes were observed as alveolar dilatation at 60 minutes postmortem, followed by congestion of muscle layers, and undetected epithelial alveolar cells as well as smooth muscle layers. At 24 hours postmortem, bronchioles were still detected but the structure of their layers could not be identified.Keywords: histological changes, lungs, postmorterm Abstrak: Perubahan postmortem berperan penting untuk memperkirakan waktu kematian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan perubahan histopatologik paru hewan coba postmortem pada beberapa interval waktu. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif-observasional menggunakan hewan coba satu ekor babi lokal yang dimatikan dengan tikaman pada jantung. Sampel paru diambil dalam waktu 15 menit, 30 menit, 45 menit, 60 menit, 75 menit, 90 menit, 2 jam, 3 jam, 4 jam, 5 jam, 6 jam, 12 jam dan 24 jam postmortem. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan pada 60 menit postmortem terjadi dilatasi alveoli. Pada 2 jam postmortem tampak kongesti lapisan otot polos. Pada 3 jam postmortem sel-sel epitel alveoli tidak tampak lagi dan pada 12 jam postmortem lapisan otot polos tidak terdeteksi. Pada 24 jam postmortem bronkiolus masih dapat dideteksi tetapi struktur lapisannya tidak teridentifikasi. Simpulan: Perubahan awal histopatologik paru babi postmotem ini dimulai pada 60 menit postmortem berupa dilatasi alveoli, diikuti kongesti lapisan otot polos, serta tidak terdeteksinya sel-sel epitel alveoli dan lapisan otot polos. Pada 24 jam postmortem bronkiolus masih terdeteksi tetapi struktur lapisannya tidak teridentifikasi lagi.Kata kunci: perubahan histologik, paru, postmortem

GAMBARAN PROSES RADANG LUKA POSTMORTEM PADA HEWAN COBA Angel, Patricius Geraldo; Kalangi, Sonny; Wangko, Sunny
eBiomedik Vol 2, No 3 (2014): eBiomedik
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/ebm.2.3.2014.5899

Abstract: Skin is the largest and heaviest organ in human body. Its role as a barrier and its location at the surface of human body make it susceptible to trauma which in consequence to wound formation. Human body responses to wound by initiating wound healing process. The fundamental aspect of this process consists of four phases: inflammation, initiation, proliferation, and remodeling. In order to obtain sucessfull wound healing all four phases must occur in a proper sequence and a time frame. Several factors have been known to interfere one or more of these phases. In postmortem condition, wound healing can still occur but the process is different compared to those in antemortem condition. A domestic pig was used on account of the similarity in skin structure and histophysiology with human being to observe the inflammatory process in postmortem wounds. This was an experimental descriptive research. Cut wounds were made at the back of the postmortem pig then skin tissues were taken and reserved in series of time to observe histological features of wound healing process. The results showed that an increase of cellsâ€™ number in dermis layer of the skin was observed 15 minutes after the cut wounds. The increase of cellsâ€™ number in the first wounds reached its peak at 150 minutes postmortem, meanwhile the increase of cellsâ€™ number in second wounds reached its peak at 45 minutes postmortem, 90 minutes after the cut wounds were made. Moreover, the increase of cellsâ€™number could be observed until 3 hours postmortem. It was concluded that the inflammatory process of wound healing observed by increases of cellsâ€™ number still occured postmortem for a certain time. Keywords: Inflammatory process, postmortem, wound. Â Â Abstrak: Kulit merupakan organ terbesar dan terberat dari tubuh manusia. Keberadaannya yang membungkus seluruh permukaan tubuh sebagai fungsi proteksi menyebabkan kulit rentan terhadap trauma dan terjadinya luka. Ketika terjadi luka, tubuh manusia akan merespon dengan memulai proses penyembuhan luka. Secara umum, proses penyembuhan luka terdiri dari empat fase, yaituÂ fase inflamasi, inisiasi, proliferasi dan remodeling. Untuk terjadi penyembuhan luka dengan baik, fase penyembuhan luka ini harus berlangsung dengan urutan dan waktu yang tepat. Banyak faktor yang dapat mengganggu satu atau lebih fase ini. Dalam keadaan postmortem, penyembuhan luka masih dapat berlangsung, namun proses yang terjadi berbeda dengan penyembuhan luka sebelum kematian. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan babi domestik sebagai hewan coba karena babiÂ termasuk hewan omnivora dengan struktur dan histofisiologi kulit yang mirip manusia. Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif eksperimental. Luka sayatan dibuat pada punggung babi setelah mati lalu jaringan kulit diambil dalam beberapa tahapan waktu untuk melihat gambaran histologik sebagai penanda radang dalam proses penyembuhan luka. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa peningkatan jumlah sel pada lapisan dermis terlihat sejak 15 menit setelah terjadinya luka. Peningkatan jumlah sel pada luka tahap pertama berlanjut dan memuncak pada 150 menit postmortem. Peningkatan jumlah sel pada luka tahap kedua berlanjut dan memuncak pada 45 menit yang diambil 90 menit setelah pembuatan luka. Proses inflamasi yang dinilai dari peningkatan jumlah sel pada penelitian ini tetap berlangsung sampai 3 jam postmortem. Penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa reaksi inflamasi tetap berlangsung normal pada kondisi postmortem untuk suatu tenggang waktu tertentu. Kata kunci: Inflamasi, luka, postmortem.

HUBUNGAN KINERJA OTAK DAN SPIRITUALITAS MANUSIA DIUKUR DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN INDONESIA SPIRITUAL HEALTH ASSESSMENT PADA PEMUKA AGAMA DI KABUPATEN HALMAHERA TENGAH Yastab, Rezky A.; Pasiak, Taufiq; Wangko, Sunny
e-Biomedik Vol 2, No 2 (2014): eBiomedik
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/ebm.v2i2.4700

Abstract: Human brain contains 100 billions of nerve cells which have a complex function as the control center of all human activities. Related to the brain function, neuroscience emerges, focusing on the nervous system especially the neuron cells. The neuroscience has also significant interest in the relation of human to God. Spirituality refers to things that deal with the spirit or soul, and not attributable to physical nature. Its material consists of two variables: spirituality and domination of the brain. Indonesia Spiritual Health Assessment (ISHA) is an assessment based on the concept of theoretical spirituality. ISHA has three components, namely spiritual health item, examination the brain system assessment, and neurofeedback. This study aimed to obtain the relation of brain with human spirituality in the performance of religion leaders in middle Halmahera. This was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design. Samples were 55 religion leaders. The Spearman correlation test showed a value of sig > Î± with a significance of 0,05. The analytical results showed that the correlation between the limbic system and ritual 0.806; between the prefrontal cortex and the meaning of life 0.833; and between the prefrontal cortex and spiritual experience 0.091. Conclusion: There was no correlation between brain performance and spirituality of the religion leaders in middle Halmahera. Keywords: brain, neuroscience, spirituality, ISHA Â Â Abstrak: Otak manusia tersusun oleh sekitar 100 miliar sel neuron dengan fungsi kompleks sebagai pusat pengendali seluruh aktivitas manusia. Terkait dengan keberadaan otak, berkembang disiplin ilmu neurosains yang khusus mempelajari sistem saraf, terutama neuron, serta hubungan manusia dan Tuhan. Spiritualitas yaitu segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan roh atau jiwa, dan tidak berkaitan dengan alam fisik/jasmaniah. Materi spiritualitas terdiri dari 2 variabel yaitu spiritualitas dan dominasi otak. Indonesia Spiritual Health Assessment (ISHA) adalah asesmen yang dibuat berdasarkan konsep teoritis spiritualitas, yang terdiri dari tiga komponen pemeriksaan yaitu Spiritual Health Item, Brain System Assessment, dan neurofeedback. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kinerja otak dan spiritualitas manusia pada pemuka agama di Kabupaten Halteng. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian ialah 55 pemuka agama. Uji korelasi Spearman menunjukkan koefesien nilai sig > Î± dan taraf kemaknaan 0,05. Hasil analisis memperlihatkan korelasi Â antara sistem limbik dan ritual 0,806, antara korteks prefrontal dan makna hidup 0,833, serta antara korteks prefrontal dan pengalaman spiritual 0,091. Simpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan antara kinerja otak dan spiritualitas pada pemuka agama di Kabupaten Halteng diukur dengan ISHA. Kata kunci: otak, neurosains, spiritualitas, ISHA

PERBANDINGAN KADAR LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL( LDL-C) PADA PEROKOK DAN BUKAN PEROKOK Kaparang, Patrix; Wangko, Sunny; Kaseke, Marie
e-Biomedik Vol 1, No 1 (2013): eBiomedik
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/ebm.v1i1.4597

Abstract: Smoking in many forms is the main risks factor of atherosclerotic process and coronay heart diseases. Cigarette smoking results in increases of total cholesterol, triglyserida, LDL-C, and VLDL-C, and a decrease of HDL-C blood levels. The aim of this study was to compare the LDL-C levels of smokers with non-smokers males. This was an observational study with a cross sectional design. This study was done in the Faculty of Medicine, University of Sam Ratulangi Manado from November to Desember 2012, by using a purposive sampling technique. There were 60 smoker students and non-smoker students of semester 7 Faculty of Medicine, University of Sam Ratulangi, Manado who fulfilled the inclulsion criteria. Data were taken from questionnaires and examinations of LDL-C levels. LDL-C levels were analyzed by using the SPSS version 20. The results showed that the analysis of the comparison of LDL-C levels of the smoker studentsâ€™ with of the non-smokersâ€™students had a P-value 0.911. Conclusion: There was no significant difference of the LDL-C levels between smokers and non-smokers. Keywords: atherosclerotic, LDL-C level, smoker, non-smoker Abstrak: Merokok dalam berbagai bentuk merupakan faktor risiko utama aterosklerosis dan penyakit jantung koroner. Rokok menyebabkan peningkatan konsentrasi serum kolesterol total, trigliserida, LDL-C, VLDL-C dan penurunan HDL-C. LDL-C yang berlebihan dalam plasma menginduksi terjadinya aterosklerosis.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kadar LDL-C pada laki-laki perokok dengan yang bukan perokok. Penelitian ini bersifat observasional dengan desain penelitian potong lintang. Penelitian dilakukan di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado pada bulan November-Desember 2012. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Sampel diperoleh sebanyak 60 orang mahasiswa kaki-laki semester 7 Fakultas Kedokteran Unsrat tahun ajaran 2012 yang perokok dan bukan perokok, yang memenuhi criteria inklusi. Data didapatkan dari kuesioner dan pemeriksaan kadar LDL-C serum. Kadar LDL-C dianalisis dengan menggunakan SPSS versi 20. Hasil analisis perbandingan kadar LDL-C antara mahasiswa perokok dan bukan perokok menunjukkan nilai P = 0,911. Simpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kadar LDL-C antara perokok dan bukan perokok. Kata kunci: aterosklerosis,kadar LDL-C, perokok.

Gambaran makroskopik dan mikroskopik otot skelet pada hewan coba postmortem Nelwan, Gabriella B.; Wangko, Sunny; Pasiak, Taufik F.
e-Biomedik Vol 4, No 2 (2016): eBiomedik
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/ebm.v4i2.14726

Abstract: To make pathologists and law personnel aware of the importance of postmortem interval, published studies have reported a lot of methods for estimation of postmortem interval estimation of the remains. This study was aimed to obtain macroscopic and microscopic postmortem changes of skeletal muscle of two domestic pigs weighed 20 kg. This was a descriptive observational study. After the pigs were killed, death time, ambient temperature and humadity were noted. Postmortem evaluation were done at several time intervals, as follows: 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours, 9 hours, 12 hours, 15 hours, 18 hours, 21 hours, 24 hours, 30 hours, 36 hours, 42 hours, and 48 hours. The results showed that at 2 hours after death, the skeletal muscle became pale and soft progressively. The earliest microscopic change was identified at 30 minutes postmortem as pyknotic nuclei of skeletal muscles followed by hydrophic degeneration of muscle fibers and congestion of muscle tisue. At 12 hours until 48 hours postmortem, all microscopic changes became more distinct and widely distributed in nearly all muscle fibres. Albeit, the striated pattern and some normal muscle fibres could still be identified until 48 hours postmortem.Conclusion: Macroscopic changes could be identified the earliest at 2 hours postmortem and microscopic changes could be identified at 30 minutes postmortem.Keywords: macroscopic, microscopic, skeletal muscle, postmortem changesÂ Abstrak: Para peneliti telah banyak menggunakan metode-metode tertentu untuk membuat para penegak hukum dan ahli patologis lainnya memahami pentingnya penentuan jarak waktu kematian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran perubahan makroskopik dan mikroskopik postmortem pada otot skelet hewan coba babi dengan massa tubuh lebih kurang 20 kg. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif observasional. Hewan coba dimatikan dengan cara ditusuk di bagian jantung, selanjutnya waktu kematian, suhu dan kelembaban ruangan dicatat. Otot skelet diamati pada beberapa interval waktu setelah kematian: 30 menit, 1 jam, 2 jam, 3 jam, 4 jam, 5 jam, 6 jam, 9 jam, 12 jam, 15 jam, 18 jam, 21 jam, 24 jam 30 jam, 36 jam, 42 jam dan 48 jam. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa otot skelet menjadi pucat dan lunak setelah 2 jam postmortem secara progresif. Pada 1 jam postmortem, tampak serat otot mengalami kongesti dan degenerasi hidropik. Perubahan mikroskopik tersebut menjadi lebih nyata dan tersebar luas di sebagian besar serat otot pada 12 jam sampai 48 postmortem. Walaupun demikian, corak seran lintang dan sebagian kecil serat otot masih tampak normal sampai 48 jam postmortem. Simpulan: Perubahan makroskopik telah dapat diidentifikasi pada 2 jam postmortem sedangkan perubahan mikroskopik mulai dapat diidentifikasi pada 30 menit postmortem.Kata kunci: makroskopik, mikroskopik, otot skelet, perubahan setelah kematian

GAMBARAN HISTOLOGIK GINJAL HEWAN COBA POSTMORTEM Rahmadana, Baldatun; Wangko, Sunny; Kalangi, Sonny J. R.
e-Biomedik Vol 2, No 2 (2014): eBiomedik
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/ebm.v2i2.4555

Abstract: Estimation of postmortem interval plays some significant roles in medicolegal investigation. This was a descriptive experimental study using one local pig as model. Samples were taken from the right and left kidneys at several time intervals: 0 minute, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 60 minutes, 12 hours, and 24 hours postmortem. The results showed several histological changes, as follows: hydrophic degeneration in a small part of proximal tubules 30 minutes postmortem that increased after 45 minutes associated with narrowing of Bowman cavities; necrosis of glomeruli and proximal tubules associated with irregular distal tubular lumen and widening of Bowman cavities 60 minutes postmortem; necrosis of distal tubuli 12 hours postmortem; and necrosis of most kidney structures 24 hours postmortem. Conclusion: Hydrophic degeneration of proximal tubuli is the earliest histological change 30 minutes postmortem, followed by necrosis of glomeruli as well as proximal and distal tubuli that worsened after 24 hours postmortem. It is expected that this study can provide valuable contribution to medicolegal investigation, especially in early postmortem interval estimation.Keywords: postmortem interval, histological changes, postmortem, kidneyAbstrak: Penentuan saat kematian sangat penting dalam penyelidikan medikolegal. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif-eksperimental dengan menggunakan satu ekor babi lokal sebagai obyek penelitian. Sampel diambil dari ginjal kanan dan kiri pada beberapa interval waktu; 0 menit; 15 menit; 30 menit; 45 menit; 60 menit; 12 jam; dan 24 jam postmortem. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan degenerasi hidropik pada sebagian kecil tubuli proksimal 30 menit postmortem yang meluas setelah 45 menit disertai penyempitan kavum Bowman; pelebaran kavum Bowman, nekrosis glomeruli dan tubuli proksimal, lumen sebagian kecil tubuli distal ireguler 60 menit postmortem; nekrosis tubuli distal 12 jam postmortem; dan nekrosis hampir seluruh struktur-struktur tersebut 24 jam postmortem. Simpulan: Degenerasi hidropik tubuli proksimal merupakan perubahan histologik yang paling dini yaitu 30 menit postmortem, disusul oleh tanda-tanda nekrosis pada sebagian kecil glomeruli dan tubuli proksimal serta nekrosis tubuli distal yang meluas setelah 24 jam postmortem. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi yang bermakna untuk kepentingan medikolegal, terutama dalam perkiraan saat kematian dini.Kata kunci: saat kematian, perubahan histologik, ginjal

Perubahan histologik pada usus besar hewan coba postmortem Lapian, Clifford; Wangko, Sunny; Wongkar, Djon
e-Biomedik Vol 4, No 2 (2016): eBiomedik
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/ebm.v4i2.14768

Abstract: Cell death occurs after somatic death. The aerobic process of cells would be halted as a result of somatic death, whereas the anaerobic process will continue. Therefore, the cells do not die in a short time although the oxygen supply has been depleted. This anaerobic process will have an impact on the morphology and activity of cells. This study was aimed to obtain the microscopic changes of large intestine for 24 hours postmortem. This was a descriptive observational study. A domestic pig weighed 20 kg was used as sample. The microscopic examinations were performed at several interval times as follow: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, and 24 hours postmortem. The results showed that the microscopic changes of the large intestine were identified the earliest at 2 hours postmortem as congestion with dilatation of the intestinal crypt lumen; lysis of a number of intestinal crypts at 6 hours postmortem; all intestinal crypts were lysis leaving empty areas; and the mucosal layer and intestinal crypts could not be identified at 24 hours postmortem. Conclusion: The earliest microscopic changes of the large intestine occured at 2 hours postmortem. Lysis of the intestinal crypts began at 6 hours postmortem and became complete at 12 hours postmortem. Keywords: large intestine, postmortem, intestinal cryptÂ Abstrak: Kematian sel terjadi setelah kematian somatis. Proses aerobik sel-sel akan terhenti akibat kematian somatis, sedangkan proses anaerobik akan tetap berlangsung. Hal tersebut mengakibatkan sel-sel tidak mati dalam waktu yang singkat meskipun pasokan oksigen telah habis. Proses anaerobik ini akan berdampak pada morfologi dan aktivitas sel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan perubahan gambaran histologik usus besar pada hewan coba selama 24 jam postmortem. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif observasional. Sampel penelitian ialah satu ekor babi domestik dengan berat 20 kg. Pengamatan mikroskopik terhadap sampel dilakukan pada beberapa interval waktu, yaitu: 0 jam, 1 jam, 2 jam, 3 jam, 4 jam, 5 jam, 6 jam, 7 jam, 8 jam, 9 jam, 12 jam, 14, 16 jam, 18 jam, 20 jam, 22 jam, dan 24 jam postmortem. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan perubahan mikroskopik postmortem paling awal pada usus besar terjadi pada 2 jam postmortem berupa kongesti dengan lumen kripta Lieberkuhn yang berdilatasi; pada 6 jam postmortem tampak sebagian kripta Lieberkuhn telah lisis; pada 12 jam postmortem seluruh kripta Lieberkuhn telah lisis; dan pada 24 jam postmortem lapisan epitel dan kripta Lieberkuhn tidak dapat diidentifikasi lagi. Simpulan: Perubahan histologik postmortem paling awal pada 3 jam postmortem, lisis kripta Lieberkuhn telah tampak sejak 6 jam postmortem, dan menyeluruh pada 12 jam postmortem.Kata kunci: usus besar, postmortem, kripta Lieberkuhn

Gambaran histologik aorta kelinci yang diinduksi dengan lemak babi dan diberi ekstrak beras hitam Polii, Lendy S.F.; Wongkar, Djon; Wangko, Sunny
e-Biomedik Vol 4, No 1 (2016): eBiomedik
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/ebm.v4i1.12201

Abstract: Dyslipidemia is an abnormal lipid metabolism, marked by the alteration of lipid fractions within the blood plasma. World Health Organization reported that dyslipidemia was associated with heart diseases in general with 4 million deaths each year. Dyslipidemia is mostly caused by unhealthy lifestyle. The change of lifestyle can be initiated by the modification of diet. Black rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a type of local rice which contains a different pigment than the regular or any other colored rice. This study aimed to identify the histological changes of rabbit aorta induced with lard and black rice extract diet. This was an experimental study with a post-test design. Subjects were three rabbits New Zealand white divided into 3 groups (A. B. And C) of 1 rabbit each. Group A was fed with standard diet (Vitamax), group B with high fat diet, meanwhile group C was fed with high fat diet added with black rice extracts. This study was carried out for 28 days, after that all the rabbits were terminated to obtain their aortas. The results showed that there were reductions of LDL and total cholesterol levels of group C. Foam cells were found in the tunica intima and tunica media in group A, B and C. However, the foam cells in group C were less than the other groups. Conclusion: Black rice diet could reduce the LDL and total cholesterol levels as well as the number of foam cells in the aorta tunica of rabbits. Keywords: aorta, rabbits, foam cells, black rice extracts, lardÂ Abstrak: Dislipidemia adalah kelainan metabolisme lipid yang ditandai dengan peningkatan maupun penurunan fraksi lipid dalam plasma. WHO memperkirakan dislipidemia berhubungan dengan kasus penyakit jantung secara luas, serta menyebabkan empat juta kematian per tahun. Dislipidemia umumnya disebabkan karena gaya hidup. Perubahan gaya hidup dapat dilakukan mulai dari memodifikasi pola diet. Beras hitam (Oryza sativa L.) merupakan varietas lokal yang mengandung pigmen berbeda dengan beras putih atau beras berwarna lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran histologik aorta kelinci yang diinduksi dengan lemak babi dan diberi pakan beras hitam. Jenis penelitian ini eksperimental dengan rancangan post test. Subyek penelitian kelinci New Zealand white dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok (A, B, dan C), masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 1 kelinci. Kelompok A diberikan pakan standar (Vitamax), kelompok B diberikan diet tinggi lemak, dan kelompok C diberikan diet tinggi lemak serta ekstrak beras hitam. Perlakuan diberikan selama 28 hari dan selanjutnya dilakukan terminasi untuk mengambil aorta kelinci dan kemudian dianalisis. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan penurunan kadar kolesterol LDL dan total pada kelompok C. Gambaran histologik aorta kelompok A, B dan C menunjukkan adanya sel-sel busa di lapisan tunika intima dan tunika media, namun jumlah sel busa di kelompok C lebih sedikit dari kelompok yang lain. Simpulan: Ekstrak beras hitam dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol LDL dan total, serta jumlah sel busa di lapisan aorta pada kelinci.Kata kunci: aorta, kelinci, sel busa, ekstrak beras hitam, lemak babi

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