Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education
Biosaintifika Journal of Biology & Biology Education, an electronic international journal, provides a forum for publishing the original research articles, review articles from contributors, and the novel technology news related to biological research and biological education.
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<![CDATA[Effect of Lime Pretreatment on Microstructure of Cassava Stalk Fibers and Growth of Aspergillus niger ]]>
<![CDATA[Dewi, Pramesti]]>;
<![CDATA[Indrati, Retno]]>;
<![CDATA[Millati, Ria]]>;
<![CDATA[Sardjono, Sardjono]]>
<![CDATA[ Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 10, No 1 (2018): April 2018 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i1.13802
<![CDATA[Cassava stalk can be converted into sugar-based product by using microorganism. Unfortunately, lignin act as a barrier of optimal bioconversion. Cassava stalk needs pretreatment process for removing this barrier. The effect of lime pretreatment on microstructure of cassava stalk fibers and the growth of Aspergillus niger FNCC 6114 were observed in this research. The cassava stalks were reduced into 0.147- 0.297 mm size and pretreated with 1 % Ca(OH)2. Lime pretreated and unpretreated cassava stalk was used as solid medium for Aspegillus niger FNCC 6114. The effect of pretreatment method on fibers microstructure of cassava stalk was evaluated through SEM micrograph. The growth and metabolism activities of Aspergillus niger FNCC 6114 were monitored through SEM micrograph of media after fermentation. The other parameters examined were changes in glucosamine, reducing sugar levels, and sporesâ quantity. Lime pretreatment altered microstructure of cassava stalk fibers. However, cassava stalk without lime pretreatment gave better growth of Aspergillus niger FNCC 6144 based on metabolism activities parameters. Cassava stalks is suitable as media for Aspergillus niger FNCC 6144 through solid state fermentation. For better growth of Aspergillus niger FNCC 6144 fine-sized cassava stalk should not be lime pretreated. The results of this study provide information about the pretreatment of cassava stems which was effective in supporting the growth of Aspergillus niger. Enhancements the utilization of cassava stems by using fungi, for example Aspergillus niger can overcome the accumulation of organic waste that can interfere with environmental sustainability.]]>
<![CDATA[Taxonomic Approach for Species Diversity of Yeasts and Yeasts-like Fungi through D1/D2 Region of Large Subunit Ribosomal DNA Sequences ]]>
<![CDATA[Sumerta, I Nyoman]]>;
<![CDATA[Kanti, Atit]]>
<![CDATA[ Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 10, No 1 (2018): April 2018 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i1.11588
<![CDATA[The identification of yeasts or yeasts-like fungi and verify their diversity are principal aspect for bioindustry and ecosystem sustainability. Taxonomic approach provides identification tool to ensure the taxonomic position of yeasts and yeasts-like fungi which definitely set to utilization concerns. The aim of this study is to understanding the taxonomic position of yeasts and yeasts-like fungi from the distinctive of its sequences relationship. Yeasts and yeasts-like fungi strains were isolated through various culture dependent methods from natural resources samples of Karimun Besar Island, Province of Riau Islands, Indonesia. The identification process was performed through amplifying the accurate DNA-based in D1/D2 region of large subunit (26S) ribosomal DNA. As the result, a total of 85 isolates of yeasts and yeasts-like fungi were obtained with 16 closest related taxa through phylogenetic tree construction. Ascomycetous was the predominating group representing 91% of the total isolates sequences followed by Basidiomycetous (8%) and Zygomycetous (1%). The black yeasts (yeasts-like) known as Aureobasidium melanogenum was predominant species with represent to 54% of total isolates and present in particular habitat. Taxonomically, there are six isolates are represent to be novel taxa candidates which pretend to enhance genetic resources of yeasts and yeasts-like fungi especially from Indonesia. In addition, this information provides specific technique to reach specific yeasts or yeasts-like fungi species in nature by managing the sample collection and culture methods.]]>
<![CDATA[Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of Daemonorops draco Resin ]]>
<![CDATA[Wahyuni, Wulan Tri]]>;
<![CDATA[Purwanti, Sri]]>;
<![CDATA[Batubara, Irmanida]]>
<![CDATA[ Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 10, No 1 (2018): April 2018 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i1.13554
<![CDATA[Daemonorops draco has been reported for its antibacterial activity and empirically used for wound healing by Anak Dalam ethnic at Jambi Province, Sumatera-Indonesia. This study was performed to evaluate antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of D. draco resin collected from Jambi. D. draco resin was extracted using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol, respectively. Antibacterial activity of the extracts was evaluated using agar diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus and Eschericia coli, whereas the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bacteriacidal concentration (MBC) was determined by microdilution method. In addition, antibiofilm activity was evaluated by violet crystal method. The result showed that extraction yield of ethyl acetate was higher than methanol and n-hexane. Ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of D. draco exhibited stronger antimicrobial activity against S. aureus compare to n-hexane extract. MIC and MBC of methanol extract and chromatographic fraction (F5.1) of ethyl acetate extract were 0.5 and 1.0 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, antibiofilm assay revealed that all extracts were inhibit initial attachment of bacteria cell in biofilm formation. This result revealed a novel information that  D. draco extracts was potential as inhibitor of biofilm formation. TLC bioautography of D. draco extracts indicated that constituent with Rf of 0.71 performed antimicrobial activity against S. aureus. This finding expected to strengthen the scientific backup for utilization of D. draco by society.]]>
<![CDATA[Selection of Cuculidae to the Hosts Based on the External Characteristics of the Eggs ]]>
<![CDATA[Widodo, Wahyu]]>;
<![CDATA[Widiyaningrum, Priyantini]]>
<![CDATA[ Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 10, No 1 (2018): April 2018 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i1.9939
<![CDATA[Most of Cuculidae were known as parasitic birds, and they breed depend on their hosts. The obyective of the study was to know the external characteristics of the eggs of Cuculidae and their hosts which includes several components. e.i. shell color, shape, length, diameter and egg index. Those species of Cuculidae were Cacomantis merulinus lanceolatus, Cacomantis variolus sepulcralis, Surniculus lugubris lugubris and Eudynamys scolopaceus malayanus. There were 117 item of the bird egg referenceâs collections in the Ornithology Laboratory, Zoology Division, Research Center for Biology, LIPI, in Cibinong, used as a research materials. Color and form the egg from every sample noted by pursuant to direct eyesight with the eye if possible and assisted with the magnifier, especially at flimsy spots eggâs color. The results shown that egg size of Cuculidae groups are bigger than their host eggs. Generally, the color variation of eggs of Cuculidae and their hosts are white or bluish white and their combination like as brown and greenish. The eggs shape of Cuculidae and host are similar, namely oval with IFO value about 73 - 75%. Â The Cuculidae family pays attention to the color, spot pattern and shape of the hostâs eggs in choosing the host for their own eggs. Though, there was also a tendency not to recognize the characteristic of the hostâs egg. The studies represent an early stage in an attempt to strive the conservation of Cuculidae the bird hosts.]]>
<![CDATA[Biodiversity of Termites and Damage Building in Semarang, Indonesia ]]>
<![CDATA[Subekti, Niken]]>;
<![CDATA[Priyono, Bambang]]>;
<![CDATA[Aisyah, Afrin Nur]]>
<![CDATA[ Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 10, No 1 (2018): April 2018 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i1.12832
<![CDATA[Termites cause a lot of damage and big losses for building components, especially those made of wood. High population growth and rapid infrastructure development in Semarang city affect the natural habitats of termites. This phenomenon changes the termites behavior of foraging in buildings. Semarang city has humidity, temperature, and altitude that allows termites to live and breed well. The purpose of this study was to determine the types of termites living in housing in Semarang city as well as the level of attacks on housing. This research was conducted in nine housing in Semarang City. The research was carried out with two methods: building inspection and wood-feeding method by using Pinus mercusii wood measures 2 cm x 2 cm x 46 cm. The results found four types of termites that attack wood feeds namely Macrotermes gilvus, Microtermes inspiratus, Odontotermes javanicus, Coptotermes curvignathus and Cryptotermes sp.. Based on interviews and building inspection, it was known that the condition of the building in the category of "moderate" was occupying the most position (74.44%), good (17.78%) and lightly damaged (7.78%). From the causes of damage to building components, it can be concluded that the level of termite attack against damage to recidential buildings in Semarang city 44.58%. Cross-tabulation analysis of Chi-Square shows that there is a correlation between age and treatment with damage to the building. Futher, the finding can be used as baseline information for further scientific investigation for effective termites control on residential building components.]]>
<![CDATA[High Connectivity Among Synedrella nodiflora Populations in Java Island Based on Intergenic Spacer atpB-rbcL ]]>
<![CDATA[Susanto, Agus Hery]]>;
<![CDATA[Nuryanto, Agus]]>;
<![CDATA[Daryono, Budi Setiadi]]>
<![CDATA[ Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 10, No 1 (2018): April 2018 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i1.12038
<![CDATA[Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn has taxonomically been the only species of genus Synedrella, which spreads over many tropical countries. In spite of its wide range of distribution, the genus remains monospecific. This leads to assumption of the very low genetic diversity among S. nodiflora populations worldwide. It may also be the case in Java Island, though rapid changes in ecosystem condition occurs. Here we report our study on S. nodiflora population genetics in Java Island using intergenic spacer (IGS) atpB â rbcL as a molecular marker, since it has been well known as one of the most variable chloroplast genome regions in a wide range of plant species so far. As many as 58 individuals were collected randomly from ten different locations in the island. Based on IGS atpB â rbcL sequences of 860 bp length, only two haplotypes were observed. Both show only one polymorphic site (0.12%) and one transversion, where T is substituted by G at position 790, indicating that high connectivity among populations of S. nodiflora in Java Island is observed. This results in a low genetic differences among the populations, which at the same time provides a fact of nearly no variation among the IGS atpB â rbcL sequences.]]>
<![CDATA[Application of Snakehead Fish to Increase Liver Function of Rats after Experiencing Physiological Stress ]]>
<![CDATA[Sunarno, Sunarno]]>;
<![CDATA[Mardiati, Siti Muflichatun]]>;
<![CDATA[Rahadian, Rully]]>
<![CDATA[ Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 10, No 1 (2018): April 2018 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i1.13957
<![CDATA[Physiological stress due to nutritional deficiency accompanied by excessive activity can cause problems of energy deficiency required by the body. Energy shortage can affect the body weight, as well as the weight and histology of the liver. This study was conducted to examine and analyze the effect of snakehead fish meat supplementation in feed toward body weight, weight and hepatic histology in animals experiencing physiological stress. This study used 20 male Wistar rats consisting of 5 treatments with 4 replications. The treatment in this study consisted of control (P0) and treatment (P1: 5%, P2: 10%, P3: 15%, P4: 20%) groups. This research used Completely Randomized Design (RAL). The variables measured in this study were body weight, hepatic weight, central venous diameter and hepatocytes in the test animals. The data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at 5% significance level and continued with Duncan test with 5% significance. The result of data analysis showed that fish snakehead fish supplementation in feed gave a significant effect to body weight, weight and histology of animal liver. Concentrations of snakehead fish supplements can increase the body weight, hepatic weight, and hepatic histology which was indicated by higher central venous and hepatocyte diameter values compared to other controls and treatments. The conclusion of this research is the provision of snakehead fish supplement (Channia striata) can increase the body weight, hepatic weight, central venous and hepatocytes diameter of Wistar rats with the most influential concentration of 20%. This evidence is useful in studying the mechanism of liver repair due to stress]]>
<![CDATA[Evaluation of Soybean Resistance to Pod-Sucking Bug, Riptortus linearis F. and Performance of its Agronomic Characters ]]>
<![CDATA[Krisnawati, Ayda]]>;
<![CDATA[Adie, Mochammad Muchlish]]>
<![CDATA[ Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 10, No 1 (2018): April 2018 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i1.12806
<![CDATA[Pod sucking bug, Riptortus linearis, is the most damaging soybean pest in Indonesia. A total of 24 soybean genotypes was identified for their resistance to pod sucking bug. The objective of the study was to classifying the resistance of some soybean genotypes against pod sucking pests. The research was conducted during the second dry season (July - October) 2016 in Ngale Research Station, East Java, Indonesia. The experimental design was arranged in randomized block design with five times repetition and two types of environment (full crop protection and controlled until 50 days of planting/dap). The resistance to pod sucking bug was evaluated based on seed damage, pod damage, and seed weight. The grouping of resistance was by using Chiang & Talekarâs method (1980). A very high natural population of pod sucking bug was recorded in the research area as seen from the average number of damaged pod in full protection environment (L1) and insecticide control until 50 dap (L2), i.e. 41.45% and 60.16%, respectively. Genotype of G511H/Anj//Anj-2-8 was consistently resistant to pod sucking bug in L1 as well as L2. This genotype also had early days to maturity (78 days) and large seed size (15.57 g/100 seed), thus potentially to be developed in tropical area of Indonesia. The availability of genotype with such characteristics is in accordance with farmersâ preference and also important to minimize yield losses.]]>
<![CDATA[Assessing Studentsâ Ethnicities and Critical Thinking Skill to Develop PBL Based-Biology Learning Tools ]]>
<![CDATA[Boleng, Didimus Tanah]]>;
<![CDATA[Lumowa, Sonja V.T.]]>;
<![CDATA[Palenewen, Evie]]>
<![CDATA[ Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 10, No 1 (2018): April 2018 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i1.10554
<![CDATA[A survey has been conducted in grade XI natural science of senior high school, at odd semester, academic year 2016/2017 in Samarinda, Indonesia. The focus of this research are to determine the studentsâ ethnicities, and the responses of biology teachers about students critical thinking skills, and Problem-Based Learning. Sampling technique was total sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire. Data was analysed by techniques used descriptive. The results of the data analysis show that the compositions of studentsâ ethnics are: Java (12.7%), Bugis (6.9%), Kutai (13.3%), Banjar (13.3%), and other ethnics (28.5%). Most of the teachers (86.0%) who already understood about the learning approaches, said that they already understood, while the remaining 14% did not understand the patterns of Problem-Based Learning. In addition, 23.3% teachers said that students were less able to explain, express opinions, and make conclusions; 76.7% said that students are sufficiently able to explain, express opinions, and make conclusions. Future research related to biology learning in multiethnic students needs to be conducted to get more information. The design of learning tools needs to consider the ethnic  of the students in strengthening critical thinking skills. Similar research needs to be done to obtain more information.The findings of this research are the studentsâ ethnicities of the XI class of Natural Sciences, as well as the responses of high school biology teachers about students critical thinking skills in Biology.]]>
<![CDATA[Genetic Variation of Hampala Fish (Hampala macrolepidota) Population in PB. Soedirman Reservoir and Serayu River ]]>
<![CDATA[Suryaningsih, Suhestri]]>;
<![CDATA[Simanjuntak, Sorta Basar Ida]]>;
<![CDATA[Sukmaningrum, Sri]]>
<![CDATA[ Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 10, No 1 (2018): April 2018 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i1.12092
<![CDATA[Panglima Besar Soedirman waters reservoir and the Serayu River in Banjarnegara Regency, Central Java is one of the habitats of hampala fish . Hampala fish is a member of the Cyprinidae family, which has economic value but is fully captured from the wild. The study on the genetic diversity using approaches of isozyme analysis needed to support conservation and domestication of the fish in this area. This study was aimed at the genetic variation of the hampala fish population in PB. Soedirman water reservoir and the Serayu River in Banjarnegara Regency based on esterase (EST), acid phosphatase (ACP), peroxidase (PER), and aspartate aminotransferase (AAT). Visualization of the isozyme was carried out employing horizontal electrophoretic technique with potato starch. From the results of this study it can be concluded that the hampala fish from the reservoir of PB. Soedirman, Serayu River area before reservoir and after reservoir, all of which are in Banjarnegara Regency, can visualized isozymes EST, ACP, and AAT well, except PER isozyme. This finding can be used as based information on population genetics and finally can be used for conservation of this fish. The results of this study are expected to be utilized to evaluate the potential genetic condition of hampala fish, which is the basis for conservation strategy and domestication.]]>
