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Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26223430     DOI : https://dx.doi.org/10.20961/equilibrium.v4i1.42852
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Energy Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering (EJChE) publishes communication articles, original research articles and review articles in :. Material Development Biochemical Process Exploration and Optimization Chemical Education Chemical Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Designing, Modeling, and Process Optimization Energy and Conversion Technology Thermodynamics Process System Engineering and products Membrane Technology Food Technology Bioprocess Technology Chemurgy Technology Waste Treatment Technology Separation and Purification Technology Natural Dyes Technology
Arjuna Subject : Teknik Kimia (semua kategori) - Kimia Proses dan Teknologi
Articles 99 Documents
 1   2   3   4   5 
Mathematical Modelling of Micronutrient Recovery from Vegetable Oil by Silica-based Adsorption: Vitamin E from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate Ari Diana Susanti; Wahyudi Budi Sediawan; Sang Kompiang Wirawan; Budhijanto Budhijanto
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 1, No 1 (2017): Volume 1 No 1 January 2017
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v1i1.40363

Abstract

Mathematical modelling on kinetics of batch adsorption of vitamin E separation from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) has been set-up and then applied for literature experimental data. Since the sizes of adsorbent particles used are usually relatively small, the concentration in the particles is assumed to be uniform. Hence, the adsorption rate is controlled by the rate of solute mass transfer from the bulk fluid to the surface of particles. In this model, the rate of mass transfer is assumed to be proportional to the concentration deviation from the equilibrium state. Meanwhile, the equilibrium models applied were coefficient distribution, Freundlich, and  Langmuir with  the  values  of  the  parameters obtained from literature data. It turned out that the model set-up can quantitatively describe the experimental kinetics data from literature. The value of mass transfer coefficient per unit adsorbent mass (kca) is obtained by curve fitting. It is also observed that the model proposed quantitatively describes the batch adsorption process well. The three equilibrium models applied are suitable for the mathematical modelling. Adjustment of the values of equilibrium isotherm parameters from literature significantly improves the accuracy of the model.
Lilin Aromaterapi dari Minyak Atsiri Kulit Jeruk Manis (Citrus sinensis) Defe Lestari; Eva Vidayanti; Arif Jumari
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 3, No 2 (2019): Volume 3 No 2 December 2019
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v3i2.43098

Abstract

Abstrak. Kulit jeruk manis saat ini hanya menjadi sampah yang belum banyak termanfaatkan. Ada senyawa kimia minyak atsiri bernilai ekonomi tinggi pada kulit jeruk yang disebut limonene yang memiliki aroma segar yang khas. Minyak atsiri Limonene diekstrak dari kulit jeruk kemudian diaplikasikan sebagai lilin aromaterapi. Pengambilan minyak atsiri menggunakan destilasi uap cair selama 3 jam. Setelah itu, minyak esensial ditambahkan ke lilin aromaterapi dan asam stearat. Volume minyak atsiri hasil destilasi pada penelitian ini adalah 2,3 mL dengan berat 1,957 gram dari 200 gram kulit jeruk. Penambahan minyak atsiri sebanyak 3 mL untuk sampel 1 dan 5 mL untuk sampel 2. Lilin aromaterapi telah diuji lama nyala api dan penerimaan produk di masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi kandungan Minyak Atsiri Limonene semakin lama durasi nyala api dan semakin tinggi penerimaannya di masyarakat. Abstract. Sweet orange peel is a waste. There is a high economic valued chemical compound of essential oil called limonene which has a distinctive fresh aroma. Essential oil of Limonene  was extracted from orange peel then will be applied as aromatherapy candles. The taking of essential oils is using distillation of liquid vapor for 3 hours. After that, the essential oil is added to aromatherapy wax and stearic acid. The volume of essential oil extracted from distillation in this study is 2,3 mL with weight 1.957 grams from 200 grams of orange peel. The addition of essential oil is 3 mL for sample 1 and 5 mL for sample 2.. The aromatherapy candles had tested for flame duration and product acceptance in the community. The result showed that the higher the content of Essential oil of Limonene  the longer the flame duration and the higher the acceptance in the community. Keyword : sweet orange peel, essential oil of Limonene, extraction, distillation, aromatherapy candle,
The Concentration of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid in Palm Oil by Urea Complexation Dwi Ardiana Setyawardhani; margono margono; Ardi Pratama; Fermanditya Petratama
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 2, No 1 (2018): Volume 2 No 1 January 2018
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v2i1.40430

Abstract

Linoleic acid is a Poly-Unsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) that corresponds to Omega 6 Fatty Acid. This is the major component of vegetable oil and very important for health. As an essential fatty acid, linoleic acid has to be obtained from foods. Consumption of omega fatty acid in the form of concentrate has more benefit than the whole oil. Fulfilling this requirement, effective method to separate PUFAs from vegetable oils is needed. One of the favorable methods is urea complexation. Palm oil was used as the fatty acids resource due to its potential feedstock in Indonesia. This aim of this research is to study the effect of urea, ethanol and free fatty acid (FFA) ratios during complexation of palm oil. This research was developed in three steps, 1) free fatty acid preparation from palm oil (saponification process), 2) crystallization of the fatty acids mixture and 3) filtration for separating the unsaturated fatty acid. Concentrated linoleic acid is obtained in the liquid phase, while the saturated fatty acid is obtained in the solid. This research resulted that the concentration of PUFA was increasing as the ratio of urea, FFA and ethanol increases.
Pengaruh Laju Alir Umpan dan Arus Recycle Terhadap Proses Fermentasi Bioetanol Menggunakan Integrated Aerobic-Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (IAABR) Margono Margono; Muhammad Azis Rigit Manfaat; Afianto Suryo Hutomo; Aida Nur Ramadhani
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 3, No 1 (2019): Volume 3 No 1 July 2019
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v3i1.43209

Abstract

Abstrak. Bahan bakar berbasis minyak bumi merupakan sumber energi utama yang digunakan di dunia. Namun, ada masalah di masa depan dengan cadangan minyak bumi yang menurun. Oleh karena itu beralih ke sumber energi alternatif adalah suatu keharusan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh laju alir umpan dan laju alir daur ulang terhadap proses fermentasi bioetanol menggunakan baffled reactor aerob-anaerobik terintegrasi, khususnya terhadap produksi bioetanol dan konsumsi gula. Proses start up dijalankan dengan volume kerja medium 25 L selama 54 jam inkubasi. Aliran daur ulang bervariasi menjadi 5 L/jam dan 10 L/jam ketika feed rate 12,6 L/jam. Dalam percobaan lain, laju aliran umpan dijalankan pada 5 dan 12,6 L/jam ketika laju aliran daur ulang adalah 10 L/jam. Sampel kaldu diambil secara berkala untuk pengukuran konsentrasi bioetanol, populasi ragi dan sisa gula konsumsi. Percobaan menghasilkan konsentrasi bioetanol tertinggi sebesar 14% v/v pada limbah reaktor. Ini lebih tinggi dari proses tanpa daur ulang media proses. Namun demikian, tidak ada perbedaan pengaruh laju alir daur ulang 5 L/jam dan 10 L/jam terhadap produksi bioetanol. Abstract. Petroleum based fuel is the main energy source used in the world. However, there is a future problem with the declined petroleum reserves. Therefore changing to alternative energy resource is a must. This reserach was to investigate the effects of feed flowrate and recycle flow rate on bioethanol fermentation process using integrated aerobic-anaerobic baffled reactor, especially on bioethanol production and sugar consumption. Start up process was run with working volume of 25 L medium for 54 hours incubation. The recycle flow varried into 5 L/h and 10 L/h when the feed rate was 12.6 L/h. In other experiments, the feed flow rate  was run at 5 and 12.6 L/h when the recycle flow rate was 10 L/h. The broth samples were taken out periodically for measurements of bioethanol concentration, yeast population and residual sugar of consumptions. The experiments results in the highest bioethanol concentration of 14% v/v at the effluent of reactor. It is higher from the process without recyle of process medium. Nevertherless, no difference effect of the recycle flow rate of 5 L/h and 10 L/h on the bioethanol production. Keywords: Bioethanol, Baffled Reactor, Feed, Recycle
Mini-Review Teknologi Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) Berbasis Kombinasi Proses Kimia dan Bioproses Anisa Azzahra Isya; Kezia Rhesa Arman; Joko Wintoko
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 4, No 2 (2020): Volume 4 No 2 December 2020
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v4i2.47908

Abstract

Abstrak. Saat ini kebutuhan energi masih mengandalkan bahan bakar fosil. Di sisi lain, emisi CO2  yang dihasilkan dari pembakaran bahan bakar fosil terus meningkat dan berkontribusi sebagai gas rumah kaca di atmosfer. Pemanasan global menjadi ancaman bagi masa depan kehidupan. Salah satu upaya penanggulangannya adalah dengan mengembangkan teknologi Carbon, Capture, and Utilization (CCU) berbasis proses absorpsi kimia untuk menangkap gas CO2  dari hasil pembakaran. CO2 yang ditangkap kemudian disimpan dalam bentuk yang stabil sehingga tidak akan terlepas ke atmosfer atau dimanfatkan sebagai bahan baku industri kimia. Kendala utama penerapan teknologi CCU dalam skala besar adalah besarnya biaya yang diperlukan. Sementara, revenue yang dihasilkan relatif rendah. Pada teknologi CCU berbasis proses absorpsi kimia ini, bahan kimia sebagai absorbennya perlu diregenerasi lagi dan CO2-nya dipisahkan untuk disimpan atau dimanfaatkan. Namun regenerasi ini memerlukan biaya yang relatif mahal. Beberapa penelitian mencoba melakukan regenerasi ini dengan bioproses berbasis mikro-alga. Mikro-alga dapat mengambil energi dari cahaya matahari yang melimpah di daerah tropis seperti Indonesia. Di samping itu, beberapa jenis mikro alga mempunyai potensi untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pangan dan lainnnya. Dalam review ini akan dibahas hasil-hasil penelitian terkini tentang bahan kimia yang sesuai untuk proses absorpsi CO2 dari gas buang, metode regenerasinya mempergunakan mikro-alga, spesies mikro-alga yang dapat dipakai, dan potensi pemanfaatan mikro-alganya. Abstract. Currently, energy needs still rely on fossil fuels. On the other hand, CO2 emissions resulting from burning fossil fuels continue to increase and contribute as a greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. Global warming is a threat to the future of life. One of the countermeasures is by developing Carbon, Capture, and Utilization (CCU) technology based on a chemical absorption process to capture CO2 gas from combustion. The captured CO2 is then stored in a stable form so it will not be released into the atmosphere or used as raw material for the chemical industry. The main obstacle to implementing CCU technology on a large scale is the cost involved. Meanwhile, the revenue generated is relatively low. In CCU technology based on this chemical absorption process, chemicals as absorbents need to be regenerated and the CO2 is separated for storage or use. However, this regeneration requires a relatively high cost. Several studies have attempted to perform this regeneration with micro-algae-based bioprocesses. Micro-algae can take energy from sunlight which is abundant in tropical areas such as Indonesia. In addition, several types of micro algae have the potential to be used as food and other utilizations. This review will discuss the results of recent research on suitable chemicals for the absorption of CO2 from flue gas, its regeneration method using micro-algae, usable micro-algae species, and the potential for micro-algae utilization.
Phase Control of TiO2 Prepared by TiCl4 Hydrolysis and Electrochemical Method Adrian Nur; Arif Jumari; Fauziatul Fajaroh; Nazriati Nazriati
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 1, No 2 (2017): Volume 1 No 2 July 2017
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v1i2.40423

Abstract

The phase structure of  TiO2   dependent on  applications. It  is  importat to develop an effective method to control the phase structure of TiO2. In this study, the TiO2 was synthesized by TiCl4 hydrolysis method. The control of hydrolysis was done by electrochemical method  in  a  cell  consisting  of  two  plate  carbon  as  electrodes.  The electrodes distance was set to 2.6 to 4 cm and immersed in solution at dimensions of (5 ×2) cm. The electrodes were connected to the positive and negative terminals of a DC power supply for 1 to 2.5 hours. The voltage was varied from 5 to 15 V at constant stirring and room temperature. The resulted suspension was aged for 48 hours. The solution wasfiltered. The powder dried directly in an oven at 150°C for 2 hours, washed 2 times, and dried again 60 °C for 6 hours. In this work, the voltage, electrode distance, and TiCl4 initial concentration can control the phase structure of TiO2.
Synthesis of ZnO/CuO Composite by The Electrochemical Method in The Acetat Acid Solution Adrian Nur; Jundi Rofi’uddien; Muhammad Abdul Basir; Nazriati Nazriati; Fauziatul Fajaroh
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 2, No 2 (2018): Volume 2 No 2 July 2018
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v2i2.40436

Abstract

The metal oxide composite is used to the microelectronic circuit, piezoelectric, fuel cell, sensor, catalyst, coating for preventing corrosion, and solar cell. The ZnO/CuO is one of the metal oxide composites. The combination of ZnO and CuO is the potential composite used to the catalyst and the anti-bacterial agent. The method used in this research was the electrochemical method in the acetate acid solution. The acetate acid solution used in this research is cheaper than the succinite acid used in the previous research. The electrochemical method has advantages due the easy to control and cheap. The composite resulted was analyzed by the XRD and the FTIR. The aims of this analysis are to know the crystallite phase, structure, and the functional groups of the particle resulted. The analysis showed that the ZnO-CuO composite can be resulted by the electrochemical method.
Menurunkan Indeks Glikemik Beras Putih Melalui Proses Pratanak Margono Margono; Fawnia Hanifah; Ameilia Ayu Safitri; Bregas Siswahjono Tatag Sambodo; Paryanto Paryanto; Joko Waluyo; Ari Diana Susanti; Prabang Setyono
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 4, No 2 (2020): Volume 4 No 2 December 2020
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v4i2.45464

Abstract

Abstrak. Nasi merupakan sumber karbohidrat dan makanan pokok masyarakat di seluruh dunia, khususnya di Asia. Konsumsi karbohidrat khususnya beras dapat menimbulkan efek penyakit diabetes tipe 2. Hal ini disebabkan karena indeks glikemik nasi putih lebih tinggi yaitu 56. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari pengaruh nasi ciherang setengah matang dan ekstrak daun keji beling. Beras direndam selama 6 jam sehingga kadar air meningkat menjadi 30%. Beras dimasak dalam autoclave pada suhu 116 oC selama 15 menit. Nasi kemudian dikeringkan pada suhu 50 oC selama 24 jam. Metode ini tidak berpengaruh pada penurunan indeks glikemik tetapi meningkatkan indeks glikemik lebih tinggi dari 54, mis. 56 oleh penguji 1 dan 80 oleh penguji 2. Abstract. Rice is a carbohydrate source and staple food for around the world of people, specially in Asia. Carbohydrate consumption , especially rice, can have effects of diabetes desease type 2. It is caused by the glycemic index of white rice is higher of 56. This research was conducted to study the effects of parboiled ciherang rice and extract of keji beling leaf. The rice was submerged for 6 hours so the mouisture increased to 30%. It was cooked in an autoclave at 116 oC for 15 minutes. The cooked rice then it was dried at 50 oC for 24 hours. This method didn’t have effects on reducing glycemic index but it increased the glycemic index higher than 54, e.g. 56 by tester 1 and 80 by tester 2.Keywords: rice, glycemic index, parboiled, ciherang.
Synthesis of TiO2 by Hydrolysis/Electrochemical to Reduce Hazardous Disinfecting Materials Adrian Nur; Arif Jumari; Nazriati Nazriati; Fauziatul Fajaroh
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 1, No 1 (2017): Volume 1 No 1 January 2017
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v1i1.40365

Abstract

The TiO2 photo-catalysis can be used for the purpose of disinfectant purpose. In  this  work,  the  TiO2   prepared  by  hydrolysis-electrochemical method  was  used  to produce  disinfectant  to  replace  and  reduse  conventional  material  disinfectant.  The synthesis of TiO2  was occured at constant voltage of 10 V for 2.5 hours under constant stirring  and  room  temperature.  The  product  of  synthesis  was  analysed  by  scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and X-ray diffractometer. The performance of desinfectant was done with inactivation of bacteria E coli in solid media. The phase of TiO2 particle producted shows anatase and rutile phase. The TiO2 resulted from hydrolysis/electrohemical method can be used to reduce HCl for desinfectant. The results of testing disinfectant for inactivation of bacteria E coli in solid media show that disinfectant  from  HCl/TiO2   is  the  most  efective  to  inactivation  of  bateria  E.  coli. Treatment with ultraviolet rays resulted less number of bacteria than sunlight.
Pembuatan dan Uji Organoleptik Hand Sanitizer dari Daun Mangga (Mangifera indica) dengan Metode Maserasi Dwi Ardiana Setyawardhani; Cindy Mei Saputri; Nafi'atun Ni'mah
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 4, No 1 (2020): Volume 4 No 1 July 2020
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v4i1.42852

Abstract

Abstrak. Ekstrak daun mangga memiliki kandungan alkaloid, polifenol, saponin, tanin, flavonoid yang berfungsi sebagai senyawa antimikrobia yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk membuat hand sanitizer dari daun mangga, menganalisa sifat organoleptik produk dan mengidentifikasi kandungan fitokimia. Simplisia daun mangga dimaserasi menggunakan pelarut pada suhu ruangan selama 3x24 jam dengan pergantian pelarut setiap harinya kemudian disaring hingga diperoleh filtrat. Filtrat kemudian diuapkan dengan vacuum evaporator pada suhu 65°C sampai volumenya berkurang 80% dari volume awal. Ekstrak yang dihasilkan kemudian diolah menjadi hand sanitizer dalam bentuk gel. Ekstrak daun mangga kemudian dilakukan uji fitokimia yang hasilnya menunjukkan adanya kandungan fitokimia di dalam daun mangga seperti flavonoid, alkaloid, polifenol, tanin, dan juga saponin yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri alami dalam pembuatan hand sanitizer. Hasil analisa organoleptik sediaan gel hand sanitizer menunjukkan warna hijau kekuningan, aroma khas daun manga, tektur gel lembut, sifat penggunaan dingin, tidak lengket dan tidak kering, dan cepat menyerap saat diaplikasikan pada tangan. Abstract. Mango leaf extracts contain alkaloids, polyphenols, saponins, tannins, flavonoids that function as antimicrobial compounds to inhibit bacterial growth. This study aims to make a hand sanitizer from mango leaves extract, analyze the organoleptic properties of the product, and identify the phytochemical content. Dried mango leaves were macerated using solvents at room temperature for 3x24 hours with a change of solvent every day, then filtered until the filtrate was obtained. The filtrate is then evaporated with a vacuum evaporator at 65 ° C until the volume is reduced 80% from the initial volume. The resulting extract is then processed into a hand sanitizer in gel form. Mango leaf extracts are then subjected to phytochemical tests. The results indicated that phytochemical content in mango leaves were flavonoids, alkaloids, polyphenols, tannins, and also saponins that have the potential as a natural antibacterial in making hand sanitizers. Organoleptic analysis results of hand sanitizer gel preparations showed yellowish-green color, mango leaves odor, soft, non-sticky and moist gel texture, cold use properties and quickly absorbed when applied to the hands. Keywords: Hand sanitizer, maceration, mango leaf extracts

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