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INDONESIA
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
ISSN : 08544425     EISSN : 2338834X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 847 Documents
Uji Toleransi Tanaman Kentang Hitam (Plectranthus rotundifolius (Poir.) Spreng.) Hasil Radiasi Sinar Gamma terhadap Cekaman Kekeringan Ridwan, Ridwan; Handayani, Tri; Witjaksono, Witjaksono
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 12, No 1 (2016): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v12i1.2310

Abstract

Plectranthus rotundifolius (Poir.) Spreng. is one of the potential root crops to become an alternative food. The aim of thisstudy was to determine drought resistant status of Plectranthus rotundifolius irradiated by gamma irradiation. Thisexperiment was conducted in the Green House using a Completely Randomized Design with 2 factors and 5 replications.The first factor was plant number consisted of 7 accessions (D116, D69, M343, D40, M95, D3, and Klefa Imut/KI). Thesecond factor was the level of field capacity (FC) consisted of 100% FC, 60% FC, and 20% FC. The observed parameterwere vegetative and generative growth stage, stomatal conductance, leaf water potential, and chlorophyll content. The resultshowed that the resistance level of the 7 accessions can be devided into 3 categories: 1) The plants that were susceptible todrought i.e. D116, D69, M343, and KI; 2) The plants that were semi-tolerant to drought i.e. D40 and M95; and 3) The plantthat was tolerant to drought i.e. D3.Keywords: Plectranthus rotundifolius, gamma irradiation, drought stress
Isolation and Disease Assessment of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae from Java Island and Pathogenic Assay on Near Isogenic Lines with Different Resistant Genes ., Fatimah; Priyatno, TP.; Fadlillah, SH.; ., Hermanto; Baroya, M.; ., Mahrup; ., Wawan; Sasongko, D.; Suryadi, Y.; Kadir, TS.
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 10, No 2 (2014): Jurnal Biologi Indonesia
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v10i2.2104

Abstract

Bacterial leaf blight disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (Xoo) is one of the important bacterial diseases,which is very destructive to rice plant. In this study, seventy isolates of Xoo were collected from several regions inWest Java, Central Java, Yogyakarta and East Java provinces and ten isolates from ICABIOGRAD collection. Theaim of the study was to survey variation and distribution of the pathogen and to study the interactions between theisolates and near isogenic lines carrying specific genes for bacterial leaf blight resistance. Twenty Xoo isolates wererandomly chosen to assess the differential characteristics of ten near-isogenic rice lines in Indonesia. The resultsshowed that xa5 resistant gene was the highest effective against the majority of Xoo isolate, followed by Xa21, andXa7 combined with Xa4 as the background. These findings are useful for rice breeding programs in designing stablebroad-spectrum bacterial blight resistant rice cultivars.Key words: Xanthomonas oryzae, resistant gene, Near isogenic line, Java
Kajian Pemilihan Jenis Tumbuhan Untuk Restorasi Hutan Berdasarkan Beberapa Parameter Fotosintesis Ahmad, Tinia Leyli Shofia; Setiadi, Dede; Widyatmoko, Didik
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 9, No 2 (2013): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (136.418 KB) | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v9i2.169

Abstract

Forest restoration is a process of ecosystem conditioning (soil, vegetation, and wildlife) in order to achieve similarpatterns and profiles to previous conditions and status before the ecosystem was disturbed, both in terms of speciescomposition and structure, and habitat functions. Restoration is a crucial part to maximize the conservation values ofbiodiversity and ecosystem functions. Eight different native plant species were assessed in this research while the photosyntheticparameters studied included the total chlorophyll content, carbohydrate content, CO2 sequestration capacity,leaf weight, leaf number, leaf area and leaf water content. Spectrophotometer was operated to analyse chlorophyllcontent, the Somogyi-Nelson method was used to calculate carbohydrate content, and leaf area was measuredusing the leaf area meter. The research results using the principal component analysis showed that each type of theplant species used for the restoration (2 years old after planting) had different characteristics in terms of photosyntheticparameters studied. Dacrycarpus imbricatus and Syzygium lineatum both had the highest carbohydrate contentsand the best abilities to absorb CO2. Sloanea sigun, Alstonia scholaris, Manglietia glauca, and Castanopsis argentea hadhigher total chlorophyll contents than others, while Altingia excelsa, M. glauca, A. scholaris, and Schima wallichii hadhigher water contents. A. scholaris, M. glauca, and S. sigun had heavier leaf weights. In contrast, M. glauca possessedthe widest leaves amongst the species observed.Keywords: forest restoration, photosynthetic parameters, native species
Keragaman Morfologi dan Genetik Padi Gogo Lokal Asal Banten Mulyaningsih, Enung Sri; Indrayani, Sri
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 10, No 1 (2014): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (398.926 KB) | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v10i1.337

Abstract

Superior upland rice cultivar can be assembled through crossbreeding using germplasm diversity which serves as a sourceof gene. Germplasm may constitute of landrace and local cultivars. Banten is one of the provinces that has various localupland rice varieties. Baduy tribe, in the province has played a major role in preserving local upland rice varieties anduphold the wisdom.Genetic diversity information and the benefits of local cultivars can be useful to maximize the selectionprocess of parental candidate for creating new cultivars. This study aims to determine the genetic diversity of local uplandrice from Banten. Methods of analysis diversity performed by phenotypic and genotypic. Observations phenotypic throughobservation of agronomic characters and yield of each cultivar. Whereas genotypic observations conducted with RAPD(random amplified polymorphism DNA). In this study we used 17 local upland rice cultivars from Banten with 14 randomprimers for RAPD. The result showed a mean plant height local upland rice cultivar of Banten was higher than nationalupland rice varieties however productive tillers and rice productivity were lower than national varieties. Nonetheless, localcultivars persisted in this environment because it has the advantage that the community needed. Based on the time ofharvest, local cultivar belonged to early and medium maturing group. Qualitative trait observation showed that there werediversity of stem, leaves, grain and rice among the cultivars. Genetic analysis with RAPD showed nine primers out of 14were successful in amplifying loci from DNA template. The primers having high amplification product were OPJ 05, OPJ07 and OPD07 but the highest polymorphism presentation was OPJ 01. Based on phylogenetic tree, there were two mainclusters. Padi Koneng and Carogol were similar. Three glutinous rice cultivars (Mayang, Jalupang, and Hideung) were inone cluster except Kentan Simpai.Keywords: upland rice, Banten, RAPD, Phenotipe, genotype
Klon-klon Kentang Transgenik Hasil Persilangan Terseleksi Tahan terhadap Penyakit Hawar Daun Phytophthora infestans Tanpa Penyemprotan Fungisida di Empat Lapangan Uji Terbatas Ambarwati, Alberta Dinar; ,, Kusmana; Listanto, Edy
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 11, No 2 (2015): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v11i2.2191

Abstract

ABSTRACTThe use of resistant varieties is an appropriate alternative in controlling the late blight, a major diseases on potato, caused by the fungus Phytophthora infestans. The development of late blight resistant potato was done through hybridization between non-transgenic Atlantic or Granola with RB transgenic Katahdin SP904 and SP951. The hybrid clones which have been positively contained the RB gene were evaluated for the resistance to P. infestans in four Confined Field Trials (CFTs) i.e. Pasir Sarongge (2008), Lembang (2009-2010), Pangalengan (2010-2011) and Banjarnegara (2011-2012). There are twelve selected hybrid clones which were resistant to P. infestans both in each location of CFT or in four locations were obtained. These clones consist of five clones from crosses of Atlantic and trangenic Katahdin SP951 (B35, B169, B163, B11, B162) and seven clones from crosses of Granola and transgenic Katahdin SP951 (D76, D12, D25, D48, D38, D37, D15). The selected hybrid clones showed resistance to P. infestans until 14 to 18 days after infection or about 40 to 45 days after planting, in the absence of fungicide spraying. The hybrid clones had a resistance score varied from 7,65 to 8,23 and were significantly different from the parents Atlantic and Granola, with a resistance score of 3,6 and 3,45, respectively. This was also supported by AUDPC values, which showed that AUDPC of the hybrid clones were in the range between Atlantic or Granola and transgewnic Katahdin SP951. This indicate that the resistance level of the hybrid clones is in the range between susceptible and resistant check. The resistant hybrid clones are valuable genetic resources for late blight resistance breeding programs, particularly in reducing  the frequency of fungicide applications. Keywords : transgenic potato, hybrid clones, Phytophthora infestans, confined field trial 
Konservasi Ex Situ Mangifera casturi Kosterm. Berbasis Masyarakat: Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, Provinsi Riau Fakhrozi, Irzal; Hikmat, Agus; Widyatmoko, Didik
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 9, No 1 (2013): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (230.162 KB) | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v9i1.155

Abstract

Mangifera casturi Kosterm. (Anacardiaceae) merupakan spesies yang dinyatakan punah di alam liar. Spesies ini endemikdi pulau Kalimantan. Saat ini, Mangifera casturi telah dibudidayakan di luar sebaran alaminya, terutama diKabupaten Indragiri Hilir Provinsi Riau, Sumatera. Penelitian dilakukan di dua kecamatan di Kabupaten IndragiriHilir, yaitu Kecamatan Gaung Anak Serka (GAS) dan Kecamatan Gaung. Sebanyak 1.315 individu M. casturiditemukan dalam penelitian yang dilakukan. Keberhasilan konservasi ex situ M. casturi di daerah ini didukung olehsetidaknya tiga stimulus: alami, manfaat, dan stimulus religius. Namun faktor internal dan eksternal milik masyarakatsetempat juga mempengaruhi secara signifikan. Di Kecamatan GAS, konservasi ex situ M. casturi terutamadidukung oleh stimulus manfaat sementara di Kecamatan Gaung upaya konservasi ex situ didukung oleh stimulusreligius. Analisa komponen utama dilakukan untuk menentukan kemungkinan hubungan antara konservasi ex situM. casturi dan variabel pendukung dalam masyarakat. Di Kecamatan GAS, yang upaya konservasi ex situ M. casturisecara signifikan didukung oleh ukuran populasi, panen dan pemasaran serta kegiatan pra tanam. Di KecamatanGaung, konservasi ex situ dari M. casturi tidak hanya didukung oleh ukuran populasi, panen dan kegiatan pasar, tetapijuga oleh kegiatan pra tanam, status dan luas lahan.Kata Kunci: Indragiri Hilir, Konservasi ex situ, Mangifera casturi, Punah di alam liar
Optimasi Enzim ?-Amilase dari Bacillus amyloliquefaciens O1 yang Diinduksi Substrat Dedak Padi dan Karboksimetilselulosa Soeka, Yati Sudaryati; Rahmansyah, Maman; ., Sulistiani
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 11, No 2 (2015): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1523.768 KB) | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v11i2.2200

Abstract

 ABSTRACTBacterial code O1 had been isolated from the leaven of fermented cassava. Based on molecular analysis by partial sequences of 16S rDNA and the phylogenetic character interpretation with Neighbor Joining Method, the strain was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens O1. Bacterial enzymatic activity of ?-amylase was clarified due to the affect of temperature and pH, and as well as its enzymatic stability to convert 2% soluble starch in 100 ml standard media. Aim of the study was to provide benefit in regard on ?-amylase application as crude enzyme extract from the bacteria. In this study, the bacterial strain was being activated to produce ?-amylase by modifying substrates containing cassava starch, rice bran (RB), and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) in five times volumes (500 mL) of the first scale setting in the standard media.  The result, reducing sugar as a result of enzymatic activity process increased 40 and 55 times in the modified media containing RB and CMC, respectively after 24 hours incubation. In the next 24 hours observation, enzyme activity in bacterial culture based on the RB media was able to degrade amylum in the muslin material containing amylum which was plunged in the media, 1.23 times higher compared to bacterial culture based on the CMC media. Media formula used in the study was able to induce extracellular enzyme activity as well as bacterial culture growth. Keywords: ?-amylase, Bacillus amiloliquefaciens, rice bran, carboxymethylcellulose 
Kajian gen Amely Gajah Sumatra (Elephas maximus sumatranus) Zein, Moch Syamsul Arifin; Sulandari, Sri
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 12, No 1 (2016): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v12i1.2319

Abstract

Sumatran elephants (Elephas maximus sumatranus) is endemic of Asian elephants in Indonesia, an endangered animal andlisted on Appendix I of CITES. Therefore, information on the status and distribution of the population of Sumatranelephants, including the distribution of genetic diversity is necessary to facilitate the development of adequate conservationand management strategies. The purpose of this research was to use Amely gene to trace paternal lineage of Sumatranelephants based on Y chromosome variation. A total of 22 blood samples of male Sumatran elephants were collected inSumatra (Way Kambas , Seblat, Bentayan, Sugihan, dan Bukit Serelo Lahat). We amplified intronic regions of the Ylinkedgene (Amely) using published primer sequences (Amely-R2 and Amely-F2) and sequenced. Sequences generatedfrom this study, aligned with reference sequences available in the GenBank, namely Elephas maximus (AY823325.1),Loxodonta Africana (AY 823320.1; AY 823321.1), Loxodonta cyclotis (AY823322.1; AY8233223.1, AY 823324.1).Neighbour Joining tree of Sumatran elephants was performed using MEGA version 5.2.2. The analysis results of 22-maleSumatran elephants, indicating that no diversity (no variation) of the Y chromosome obtained among the population ofSumatran elephants. Sumatran and Asian elephants have the same haplotypes. Further results confirmed that the savannaelephants (Loxodonta africana ) and the forest elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis ) formed two (2) separate clades, which showstwo different species. Results obtained in this study may help to design future conservation programs for the species.Keywords: Sumatran elephant, Amely gene, Y chromosome, Genbank, haplotype
Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Kitinase asal Bacillus cereus 11 UJ Suryadi, Y.; Priyatno, TP.; Susilowati, DN.; Samudra, IM.; Yudhistira, N.; Purwakusumah, ED.
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 9, No 1 (2013): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (208.172 KB) | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v9i1.146

Abstract

Kitinase merupakan enzim yang menghidrolisis polimer kitin menjadi oligomer kitin atau monomer Nasetilglukosamin.Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan isolasi dan karakterisasi kitinase untuk memperoleh informasiaktivitas optimum kitinase asal B. cereus 11 UJ. Isolasi enzim kasar kitinase dan purifikasi parsial dilakukan denganpengendapan amonium sulfat jenuh 70% dan dialisis menggunakan membran selofan, selanjutnya dikarakterisasiuntuk memperoleh aktivitas optimum pada berbagai kondisi pH, suhu, waktu inkubasi, ion logam serta penentuannilai Km dan Vmaks. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemurnian kitinase dengan amonium sulfat 70% dan dialisismenunjukkan tingkat kemurnian masing-masing 2.40 kali dan 5.23 kali dibandingkan dengan ekstrak kasar enzim.Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa kitinase asal B. cereus isolat 11 UJ mempunyai pH optimum 8, suhuoptimum 37oC, dan waktu inkubasi optimum selama 120 menit. Kation Mn2+, Fe2+, dan Cu2+ dengan konsentrasi10 mM diketahui dapat berfungsi sebagai inhibitor. Kitinase mempunyai nilai Km sebesar 29.71 μg/mL dan Vmakssebesar 1.035 x 10-1 μg/mL detik.Kata kunci: B. cereus 11 UJ, kitinase, purifikasi parsial, amonium sulfat, karakterisasi
Ekspresi Sitokin Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-α) dan Interferon (IFN-γ) pada sel MDCK yang diinfeksi virus avian influenza subtipe H5N1 asal Indonesia Dharmayanti, NLP. Indi; Rillah, Ukhti Dwi; Syamsiah, Farida; Indriani, Risa
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 10, No 1 (2014): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (896.502 KB) | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v10i1.328

Abstract

Patients with H5N1 disease have a characteristic complications of pneumonia with acute respiratory syndromedisterss and multi-organ failure associated with cytokine dysregulation, so it is suspected that the clinical forms ofsevere H5N1 disease in humans is caused by dysregulation of cytokine induction of H5N1 virus. Study oncytokines associated with H5N1 influenza virus infection is still limited, while animal studies using virus H5N1/97give conflicting results. Recent studies, showing that in fact the high cytokine is not a common form of the H5N1viruses, so Pathogenecity of H5N1 viruses were not only determined by whether or not the virus can inducehypercytokinemia. In this study we wanted to determine the phenotype of the Indonesia H5N1 virus in inducingcytokine expression. This study compared three Indonesian H5N1 viruses that have different genetic variations ofthe virus including the clade 2.1.1 and two other viruses included in clade 2.1.3 that were infected in Madin DarbyCanine Kidney (MDCK) cell. The MDCK cell that infected virus were observed for 72 hours. We observed theinfection during 72 hours and the cytokines expression were examined using RT-PCR method. The results showedthat the H5N1 influenza viruses used in this study showed the low expression of cytokines IFN-γ, and did notshow any expression of the TNF-α cytokines in MDCK cells infected with the H5N1 virus within 72 hours afterinfection.Keywords : Expression, H5N1 virus, Cytokines, sel Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK)

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