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Imunogenic Protein of Salivary Gland from Anopheles sundaicus Armiyanti, Yunita; Nuryady, Moh Mirza; Utomo, Sugeng Setyo; Sardjono, Teguh Wahju; Fitri, Loeki Enggar; Senjarini, Kartika
UNEJ e-Proceeding Indonesian Protein Society (IPS), International Seminar and Workshop 2014
Publisher : UNEJ e-Proceeding

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Malaria is still a major problem for developing countries, including Indonesia. One approach to overcome this disease is prevention by vaccination. However, there is still no effective malaria vaccine that is applicable. The ideal malaria vaccine is a combination vaccine that can prevent the pre-erythrocytic cycle, the erythrocytic cycle and transmission process. Salivary vector-based vaccine has the potential to be developed as a malaria vaccine because it can prevent transmission process and also decrease the morbidity of the disease. Saliva from Anopheles contains vasomodulator and immunomodulatory components, that are required in the blood feeding process, but in the same time it could enhance the transmission of the malaria parasite. If the component in the salivary vector can increase pathogen infection, then vaccinating the host with its anti-substances can control the transmission of pathogens (Transmision Blocking Vaccine). Anopheles sundaicus is an important vector of malaria in coastal areas of Java, Bali, Sumatra, Kalimantan and West Nusa Tenggara islands. Repeated exposures of Salivary Gland Extract (SGE) from this vector have been proven to be able to decrease parasitemic rates in mouse model for malaria in our study. The objective of this research is to determine and localize the immunogenic protein from SGE of An. sundaicus as the first step for the characterization of its immunomodulatory component. Mosquito salivary gland protein profile of An.sundaicus was determine by SDS-PAGE. Determination of salivary glands immunogenic proteins was conducted by Western Blotting with IgG from people living from endemic area as primary antibody. Out of 15 bands appeared in SDS PAGE ranging from 24 kD to 138 kD, only two protein bands with  molecular weights of 68 and 37 kDa were the most immunogenic. Those immunogenic proteins were consistent recognized by pooled serum of people as well as by individual response. Keywords: malaria, saliva, vector, immunogenic protein, vaccine
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN MINYAK BUAH MERAH (Pandanus conoideus) TERHADAP STRES OKSIDATIF SEL ENDOTEL YANG DIPAPAR DENGAN SERUM PENDERITA MALARIA FALCIPARUM DAN NETROFIL INDIVIDU SEHAT Armiyanti, Yunita; Fitri, Loeki Enggar; Widjajanto, Edi
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol 23, No 1 (2007)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1699.473 KB) | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2007.023.01.2

Abstract

Complication in Plasmodium falciparum malaria is associated with endothelial damage and overproductionof free radicals (oxidative stress) by activated neutrophils and endothelial cells. Red fruit (Pandanus conoideus) oil  has a very high antioxidant content, therefore it may neutralize free radicals and prevent endothelial damage. The aim of this research is to prove that red fruit (Pandanus conoideus) oil reduce Reactive Oxygen Intermediate (ROI) production  of endothelial cells exposed to severe malaria patient serum and neutrophils from healthy donor. Endothelial cells from human umbilical veins were coincubated with serum from severe malaria patient and with neutrophils from healthy donor  (positive control group). HUVEC’s normal was used as negative control,  where as  the experimental groups were given with red fruit oil in different concentrations (2.8%, 5.7% dan 11.3% ). The Reactive Oxygen Intermediate (ROI) production of  endothelial cells was semiquantitatively measured by using NBT-reduction assay and the score of ROI was counted. The results were statistically analyzed with ANNOVA (p<0.01). The rate of ROI production of endothelial cells was markedly increased after incubation with patient serum and neutrophils.
THE CIDR1α-PfEMP1 SEQUENCE FROM INDONESIAN PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM AND ITS POTENTIAL ASSOCIATION WITH THE CEREBRAL OUTCOME Sulistyaningsih, Erma; Armiyanti, Yunita; Dewi, Rosita
Malang Neurology Journal Vol 7, No 1 (2021): January
Publisher : Malang Neurology Journal

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.mnj.2021.007.01.8

Abstract

Background: Plasmodium falciparum Erythrocyte Membrane Protein 1 (PfEMP1) is an important protein responsible for the pathogenesis of severe malaria, including cerebral malaria. The protein is highly diverse. The CIDR1α-PfEMP1 binds endothelial protein receptor (EPCR) and may associated with the brain swelling in childhood malaria.Objective: To analyze the CIDR1α-PfEMP1 from Indonesian isolate and determine its association with cerebral malaria outcome.Methods: Fifteen blood samples of clinically mild to severe malaria-patient were collected for DNA extraction. Malaria diagnosis was conducted microscopically by Giemsa-stained thin blood smear. The CIDR1α domain was amplified by PCR using specific primer and PCR product was sequenced. The nucleotide sequences were analyzed by NCBI blast, DNASIS MAX 3 and translated into amino acid sequences using Expasy Translation Tool.Results: One out of fifteen samples was severe malaria case and infected with P.  falciparum, the rest were clinically mild to moderate malaria and infected with pure P. falciparum or mixed infection of P. falciparum and P. vivax. Amplification for CIDR1α domain resulted a single band of + 550 bp from a severe sample only. Sequencing of PCR product on both strands read 524 nucleotides and BLAST analysis confirmed as CIDR1α sequence. Multiple alignment showed 74-78% nucleotide sequence similarity with reference sequences, but amino acid sequences presented 23.5% homologous.Conclusion: An identified CIDR1α domain only from severe case implicating the potential association with the severe outcome including cerebral malaria, but the highly diverse of the domain needs further studies on the interaction with the pathological-causing receptor in the host. 
Environmental Sanitation, Personal Hygiene, STH Co-infection in TB Patients Fitri, Nadya Eka; Mufida, Diana Chusna; Hermansyah, Bagus; Armiyanti, Yunita; Agustina, Dini; Suswanti, Enny
KEMAS: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Vol 16, No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Department of Public Health, Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/kemas.v16i3.23639

Abstract

Globally, helminthiasis is one of the infectious diseases that are often associated with the incidence of tuberculosis. Helminth co-infection modulates the immune system of TB patients by reducing Th-1 response that functions as protector against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This condition disrupts the process of eliminating bacteria so that its development becomes more progressive. The impact is the activation of latent TB and the success of TB treatment. A Soil-transmitted Helminth (STH) is a group of intestinal worms that often infect humans. Previous studies prove that environmental sanitation and personal hygiene are risk factors associated with STH infection. The study to determine the relationship of environmental sanitation and personal hygiene with the incidence of STH co-infection in TB patients at Puskesmas Puger, Jember in September until December 2019. This study uses a cross-sectional design. The sampling technique uses total sampling. A total of 32 TB patients met the criteria as study sample. The data analysis uses Fisher Test. Results showed the prevalence of STH co-infection was relatively low (18.8%); most of the respondents had good environmental sanitation and personal hygiene conditions. Bivariate analysis showed p-value (0,476) for environmental sanitation and p-value (1,000) for personal hygiene. This study concludes that there is no correlation between environmental sanitation, personal hygiene, and STH co-infection in TB patients at Public health center in Puger.
Interleukin-22-induced β‑defensin-2 expression by intranasal immunization with Streptococcus pneumoniae RrgB epitopes Mufida, Diana Chusna; Saputra, Antonius Dwi; Hermansyah, Bagus; Agustina, Dini; Shodikin, Muhammad Ali; Armiyanti, Yunita
Universa Medicina Vol. 41 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2022.v41.37-46

Abstract

BackgroundStreptococcus pneumoniae causes pneumococcal disease, which is responsible for millions of deaths worldwide. Various pneumococcal vaccine candidates have been developed to prevent S. pneumoniae infection, one of which is an epitope-based vaccine. This study aimed to prove that intranasal immunization with each of the five S. pneumoniae RrgB epitopes can induce a mucosal immune response by increasing the β-defensin-2 concentration through upregulation of interleukin (IL)-22 expression. MethodsAn experimental laboratory study was conducted using 28 male Wistar rats aged 3-4 months, that were randomly divided into 7 groups containing four rats each. Group 1 was given 40 mL of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) only (control group). Group 2 was the adjuvant group that received 40 mL PBS containing 2 ìg cholera toxin B (CTB), and groups 3-7 were immunized with 40 mL PBS containing a combination of adjuvant and one of the five different S. pneumoniae RrgB epitopes. The concentrations of IL-22 and β-defensin-2 from nasal rinse examination were measured by means of ELISA. The Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the Mann-Whitney post-hoc test were used for statistical analysis. ResultsRats immunized with the adjuvant-epitope combination had significantly higher β-defensin-2 and IL-22 levels than the control group (p=0.030; p=0.018, respectively), according to the Kruskal-Wallis test. And the Mann-Whitney statistical test, showed there was a significant increase in β-defensin-2 and IL-22 levels. ConclusionsIntranasal immunization with epitope 1 of the S. pneumoniae RrgB can increase β-defensin-2 expression significantly and has a greater potential to be developed into a pneumococcal vaccine.
Hubungan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat dengan kejadian infestasi Soil–transmitted Helminths pada pekerja perkebunan kopi Sumber Wadung Kabupaten Jember Ahmad Hasbi Al-Muzaky; Bagus Hermansyah; Enny Suswati; Yunita Armiyanti; Yudha Nurdian
JURNAL KEDOKTERAN DAN KESEHATAN Vol 6, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (293.379 KB) | DOI: 10.32539/JKK.v6i1.7233

Abstract

Infestasi Soil - Transmitted Helminths (STH) merupakan masalah kesehatan yang masih sering ditemukan di negara beriklim tropis, salah satunya di Indonesia. Hal ini dikarenakan perkembangan STH membutuhkan kondisi lingkungan yang hangat dan lembab, serta  memerlukan media tanah untuk menjadi fase infektif yang disebut soil - transmitted helminth.Kondisi ini dapat ditemukan di lingkungan perkebunan yang sangat menguntungkan bagi perkembangan STH. Hal ini menyebabkan para pekerja perkebunan sangat beresiko terinfestasi oleh STH. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui adanya hubungan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (PHBS) dengan kejadian infestasi STH pada pekerja perkebunan kopi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian analisis deskriptif dengan desain cross-sectional yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2018 hingga Januari 2019. Perkebunan yang dipilih adalah Perkebunan Kopi Sumber Wadung di Kabupaten Jember dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 100 orang responden dan diberikan kuisioer PHBS. Pemeriksaan infestasi STH dilakukan dengan dua metode yaitu flotasi dan sedimentasi. Dari 100 responden, 28 pekerja (28%) terinfestasi oleh STH. Kemudian dilakukan uji analisis chi-square antara PHBS dengan kejadian infestasi STH dan didapatkan adanya hubungan antara PHBS dengan kejadian infestasi STH pada pekerja (<0,05).
Increased Interleukin-4 in Farmers With Ascariasis in Rural Jember Adiz Dwiputra Rahmadhan; Yunita Armiyanti; Bagus Hermansyah; Dina Helianti; Yudha Nurdian
Jurnal ILMU DASAR Vol 22 No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/jid.v22i1.15921

Abstract

Ascaris lumbricoides is nematode which often infest human in the world. The infestation of A. lumbricoides in the human will trigger the formation of Th2 immune responses through increased interleukin-4 released by innate immune cells. Th2 immune response generates B lymphocyte cells to produce IgE antibodies to eliminate A. lumbricoides. Therefore, IL-4 is a marker of Th2 immune response. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of ascariasis and an increase of IL-4 in planters infested with A. lumbricoides as a marker of Th2 immune response. Our study was observational analytic with cross sectional design. 230 planters who were willing to be involved in the study gave stool samples for the diagnosis of ascariasis. 20 people who were positive for ascariasis and 20 people who were negative selected randomly for blood plasma samples. IL-4 levels in blood plasma were measured using ELISA. Differences in IL4 levels between positive and negative ascariasis were analyzed by the Mann Whitney statistical test with p value ≤ 0.05. The prevalence of ascariasis among planters in rural area of Jember was 16,52% which was included low prevalence. Univariate analysis showed that the mean and median levels of IL-4 ascariasis were greater than those of healthy planters. Mann Whitney test results showed that there were differences in levels of IL-4 between ascariasis and healthy planters (p≤0.05). Increased levels of IL-4 in planters with ascariasis indicate that A. lumbricoides infection triggers the formation of Th2 immune response as a mechanism for eliminating A. lumbricoides. Keywords: Interleukin-4, A. lumbricoides, Th2 immune response.
Profile of Interleukin-4 and Interferon-γ of Balb/c Mice after Salivary Gland Extract of Anopheles sundaicus s.l. Vaccination and Infected by Plasmodium berghei-ANKA Ali Machrus; Adrial Adrial; Yunita Armiyanti; Hidayat Teguh Wiyono; Kartika Senjarini
Jurnal ILMU DASAR Vol 15 No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (320.451 KB) | DOI: 10.19184/jid.v15i2.532

Abstract

Malaria infection is initiated when sporozoites are inoculated into a vertebrate host via the salivary glands of an Anopheles mosquito. During Anopheles bite,  the salivary glands release components that include vasomodulator and immunomodulators. The salivary components of vectors have important role in transmission of pathogen. Therefore, if these components were injected repeatedly into a vertebrate host, it can stimulate host immune system and inhibit the transmission of the pathogen into the host. This could be observed the increasing level of  IFN-γ and decreasing level of IL-4 in mice model  of malaria after vaccination with  salivary gland ekstract (SGE) from An sundaicus s.l. It has also been proven that this  mechanisms was related with pathogen of malaria. This was supported by the reduction of parasitemie rate in those mice model after infection by P. Berghei.   Keywords: An sundaicus s.l., IFN-γ, IL-4,immunomodulators, salivary gland , TBV
Association between Personal Hygiene and Incidence of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis among Workers at Widodaren Plantation in Jember Regency Zulaikha Rizqina Rahmawati; Bagus Hermansyah; Erfan Efendi; Yunita Armiyanti; Yudha Nurdian; Wiwien Sugih Utami
Journal of Agromedicine and Medical Sciences Vol 6 No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, University of Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/ams.v6i1.9593

Abstract

Soil-Transmitted Helmithiasis is an infection caused by intestinal nematode worms which in the process of transmission requires soil as media to fullfil its life cycle from non-infective forms to infective forms. The number of infections is influenced by personal hygiene. Personal hygiene consists of the habit of washing hands, cutting nails, eating, defecating and ownership of latrines, and the use of personal protective equipment. This study used a cross sectional research design conducted at Widodaren Plantation with 68 people of samples. Stool examination was determined by kato-katz method, sedimentation, and floatation to detect the presence of Soil-Transmitted Helminth (STH) eggs, while personal hygiene was assessed using questionnaires. Questionnaire and stool examination datas were processed using SPSS data analysis with chi-square method. The results of this study found 26 respondents who were positive for soil-trasmitted helminthiasis infection. The most frequent worm species obtained in this study were Ascaris lumbricoides (57.7%), followed by multiple infections between Hookworm and A. lumbricoides (21.3%), and Hookworm (19.2%). In the chi-square analysis the results were significant between personal hygiene and soil-transmitted helminthiasis with p value of 0,000 (p <0.05). So, it can be concluded that a bad personal hygiene factor has a significant relationship to the incidence of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis at Widodaren Plantation. Keywords: Personal hygiene, STH, plantation
Humoral Response to Anopheles maculatus and Anopheles sundaicus Salivary Gland Proteins Yunita Armiyanti; Widodo widodo; Loeki Enggar Fitri; Teguh Wahju Sardjono
Journal of Agromedicine and Medical Sciences Vol 3 No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, University of Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/ams.v3i2.5071

Abstract

The salivary gland of female Anopheles mosquito has important role in malaria transmission by salivary proteins that enhancing Plasmodium transmission. The mosquito saliva contains vasomodulatory and immunomodulatory components that inhibit the physiological response of the host. Therefore, the pathogen infects the host without any resistance. The salivary proteins also induce the production of antibody IgG in the host after exposed by the Anopheles mosquito bites repeatedly. This study aims to measured the antibody response of inhabitants living in malaria endemic areas (Kalirejo viilages, Kokap, Kulonprogo) to salivary gland proteins of An. maculatus and An.sundaicus. The level of antibody response was measured by ELISA and analyzed with T test or Anova test for normal distribution of data and Mann Whitney test or Kruskal Wallis test for the data were not normally distributed. The result showed that the level of anti-salivary gland homogenate IgG from sera of people living in malaria endemic area was significantly higher than people living in non-malaria endemic area and negative control (p<0.05). Sera from inhabitants living in Kalirejo village showed that the level of antibody response to both salivary gland homogenate of An.sundaicus and An.maculatus were not significantly different (p<0.05). It was concluded that exposure to An.maculatus and An.sundaicus bites repeatedly could trigger the production of anti-salivary gland proteins IgG antibodies that recognized antigenic proteins from the salivary glands.