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Nexus Biomedika
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 292 Documents
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Perbedaan Rasio Rentang Lengan-Tinggi Badan pada Mahasiswa Laki-laki dan Perempuan FK Universitas Sebelas Maret Budiastuti, Annisa; Handayani, Selfi; ., Hardjono
Nexus Biomedika Vol 1, No 2 (2012): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Height is an important clinical indicator to derive Body Mass Index (BMI) and also to estimate Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR). However, height measurement in someone who cannot stand properly like the elderly or lower ekstremity abnormality may become difficult. Therefore, estimating height with another antropometric measurement may become a solution. In another study, arm span showed the highest correlation with standing height. The different morfologic between male and female also important to find the different estimating height formula. Objectives: This research aimed to know arm span to height ratio data in students from Medicine Faculty 2008 of Sebelas Maret University and the differences of arm span to height ratio between male and female. Methods: This research was an analytical observational research with cross sectional approach. The sample data collected using purposive sampling method within inclusion and exclusion criteria. From the population, 60 samples (30 males and 30 females) chose by simple random sampling method, then measured their height and arm  span. Height measured in anatomical position using microtoise staturmeter. Arm span measured using ruler tape from the longest finger in right hand to the longest finger in left hand. All data analyzed using normality test Kolmogorov-Smirnov and followed with t-independent test if the distribution data showed normal. Results : T-independent test result p = 0.03 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study found a difference in arm span to height ratio between male and female students in Faculty of Medicine 2008, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta Keywords: arm span, height, anthropometric measurement, student 
Efek Nefroprotektor Ekstrak Daun Kemangi (Ocimum sanctum) Terhadap Kerusakan Sel Ginjal Mencit (Mus musculus) Yang Diinduksi Parasetamol Basith, M Abdul; Listyaningsih, Endang; Handayani, Selfi
Nexus Biomedika Vol 1, No 2 (2012): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Today, consuming paracetamol as an analgesic antipyretic drugs has  increased. Paracetamol which used in inappropriate dose has bad effect to our body, such as nefrotoxic. Basil leaf extract has antioxidant as a protection of free radicals and reducing NAPQI which produced by paracetamol. The objectives of this research are to know the nefroprotector effect and this research will shown the multilevel dose of basil leaf extract as a nefroprotector in the renal cell damage induced by parasetamol. Methods: This was experimental laboratory with the post test only controlled group design. Sample group consisted of male mice Swiss Webster, 2-3 month, + 20 g. Samples divided into 4 groups, each group has seven mice. Mice for control group (K) and the first treatment group (P1) were given aquades for 14 days. The second treatment group (P2) will be given basil leaf extract dose I for 14 days. The third treatment group (P3) will be given basil leaf extract dose II for 14 days. Paracetamol will be given to P1, P2, and P3, with dose 0,1 ml/20 gr weight of mice on the day 12, 13, and 14. Finally on day 15th, mice are sacrificed with neck dislocation then the renal of mice was made preparations with paraffin blocks methods and Hematoxillin Eosin staining. Renal cell damage observed and counted a mount of scored on renal histological karyopyknosis, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis. Data are analized by One-Way ANOVA test (α= 0,05) and continued by Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons test (LSD) (α = 0,05). Results: Result of One-Way ANOVA shown that there was a significant of degree between 4 groups. Result of LSD method there was a significant of degree between K-P1, K-P2, P1-P2, and P1-P3 groups; and also it wasn’t a significant of degree between K-P3 and P2-P3. Conclusions: The basil leaf extracts was able to decrease the renal cell damaging of mice and the increase of basil leaf extracts dose followed by the increase of protection effect to the renal cell damaging of mice which is induced by paracetamol.   Keywords: basil leaf extract, paracetamol, renal cell damage. 
Pengaruh Ekstrak Buah Jambu Biji Merah terhadap Kerusakan Struktur Histologis Hepar Mencit yang Diinduksi Asetaminofen Wardana, Vasa Adi Wisnu; ., Suyatmi; Sakiman, Bambang Sukilarso
Nexus Biomedika Vol 1, No 2 (2012): Nexus Biomedika
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Abstract

Background: Antioxidants in guava fruit are vitamin C, flavanoid, and lycopene which are estimated having hepato-protective function. The objectives of this research are to know the effect of guava fruit extract and in various doses on mice liver damage induced by acetaminophen. Methods: Samples of 28 male mice, Swiss webster type, 2-3 months old age and + 20gr of each weight, were divided into 4 groups of 7 mice. Guava fruit extract was given for 14 days in a row, while acetaminophen in toxic dose was given on the 12th, 13th, and 14th day. The score of hepatocyte damage was determined by pyknosis, karyorhexis, and karyolysis. The data was analized by One-Way ANOVA test (α= 0,05) and continued by Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons using Least Significant Differences(LSD) test(α= 0,05). Results:The group with the highest average damage of hepatocyte is KP1(84,23±3,207), and the groups with decrease average damage of hepatocyte are KP2 (48,76±2,964) and KP3(35,23±2,755). The results of One-Way ANOVA test showed a significant difference in all group (p<0.001). The statistical data result showed a significant difference of hepatic damage between K-P1, K-KP2, K-KP3, KP1-KP2, KP1-KP3, and KP2-KP3. Conclusion: Guava fruit extract can decrease the histological damage of the hepatocyte of mice induced by acetaminophen. The higher dose of guava fruit extract, the higher protection effect againts liver histological damage from acetaminophen toxic on mice. Key words: guava fruit extract, acetaminophen, histological damage, hepatocyte.
Efek Anti Fungi Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Buah Manggis (Garcinia Mangostana, Linn.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Candida Albicans Secara In Vitro ., Puspaningrum; Sukilarso S, FX.Bambang; Wijayanti, Lilik
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 3 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
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Abstract

Background: This study aimed to know the inhibitory effect of the etanol extract of mangosteen rind (Garcinia mangostana, Linn.) on the growth of Candida albicans in vitro. Methods: The method used in this study was quasi-experimental laboratory research. The subject was the ethanol extract of the mangosteen fruit (Garcinia mangostana Linn.) rind. Candida albicans grown on sabouraud dextrose agar were treated with 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% of the ethanol extract of mangosteen rind (Garcinia mangostana, Linn.), as well as fluconazole 25μg (drugs that were already on the market) as positive control for 24 hours at 37° C on petri dish. The data of diameter of inhibition zone obtained were analyzed with regression-correlation test using SPSS 11.5 for windows. Results: The diameters of inhibition zone on culture of Candida albicans treated with the ethanol extract of the mangosteen fruit with concentration of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, and fluconazole 25μg were 0 mm, 0 mm, 1.75 mm, 1.75 mm, 2.00 mm, 2.00 mm, 3.00 mm, 3.50 mm, 3.75 mm, 3.75 mm and 0 mm, in a row. The regression-correlation analysis showed that the correlation (r) between the diameter of inhibition zone and the levels of ethanol extract of mangosteen rind was 0.936 (p 0.000). Conclusion: The ethanol extract of mangosteen rind (Garcinia mangostana, Linn.) had antifungal effect on the growth of Candida albicans in vitro. Keywords: antifungal effects, ethanol extract of mangosteen rind (Garcinia mangostana Linn.), Candida albicans.  
Efek Hepatoprotektif Sari Belimbing Manis Terhadap Kadar SGPT: Studi Awal Terhadap Tikus yang Diinduksi Parasetamol Dosis Toksik Amatillah, Hana; Ediningsih, Endang; Hikmayani, Nur Hafidha
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 3 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
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Abstract

Background: Star fruit is a good source of natural antioxidants which can prevent oxidative damages and modulate reactive free-radicals. However, no study had been carried out so far on the hepatoprotective effect of star fruit. This research aimed to study the hepatoprotective effect of star fruit juice on SGPT level in paracetamol- intoxicated rats. Methods: This was a laboratory experimental study with posttest only controlled group design. A total of 30 white male, Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), aged 2-3 months and weighed 160-200 grams was assigned into five groups. Normal group and negative control group were administered distilled water, while positive control group was administered Curcuma® (3.6 mg/200 g bw). The treatment group 1 and 2 were administered star fruit juice at concentration of 50% and 100%, successively. This study was performed for 14 days. In the last 3 days, all groups except normal group were induced by paracetamol at toxic dose (291.6 mg/200 g BW) an hour after the treatment of star fruit juice (for treatment group 1 and 2) was done. Blood samples were collected from retro-orbitalis venous to measure SGPT levels. The data were analyzed statistically using one-way ANOVA followed by LSD test. Results: The analysis of SGPT with one-way ANOVA showed a significant difference across all groups. Further, the LSD tests of SGPT level showed significant differences between negative control group (182.5 U/L ± 14.0) and the two star fruit groups (p values <0.001). SGPT mean in treatment group 1 (87.0 U/L ± 14.1) and treatment group 2 (91.7 U/L ± 14.9) also differed from those of positive control (67.1 U/L ± 5.5, p=0.008) and normal group (53.8 U/L ± 8.6, p=0.002). There was no significant difference between two groups treated with star fruit juice (p=0.511). Conclusions: Star fruit juice at concentration of 50% and 100%  significantly inhibited the elevation of SGPT levels in paracetamol-intoxicated rats. Keywords: Star fruit juice, SGPT, paracetamol, rats 
Efektifitas Olahraga Aerob Intensitas Berat Dalam Meningkatkan Kadar High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Plasma Narwienda, Aldila Akhadiyati; Kiyatno, .; Yusuf, Sinu Andhi
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 1 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: The value of regular aerobic exercise in increasing HDL level of plasma has accepted widespread acceptance. In contrast, the only few studies have examined the effect of HDL-C level to exercise training. The objective of this study was to determine the most effective intensity of the aerobic exercise in increasing HDL plasma level. Method: This was an experimental laboratory study with randomized pre-test and post-test control group design. This study was conducted from April to June 2012 at Laboratory of Physiology FK UNS. Forty subjects were divided into four groups based on purposive sampling method. There were control group, mild-intensity group, moderate-intensity group and high-intensity group. The HDL level tests were taken before and after eight weeks of intervention. The results then were analyzed with one-way ANOVA test. Results: Based on one-way ANOVA test, there was significant difference among groups in the study (p = 0.002). Based on multiple comparison analyzes, (1) there was no significant difference between the raise of HDL plasma level in control group and mild-intensity group (p = 0.749), (2) there was significant difference between the raise of HDL plasma level in control group and moderate-intensity group (p = 0.044), and (3) there was significant difference between the raise of HDL plasma level in control group and high-intensity group (p = 0.002). Conclusions: High-intensity aerobic exercise was the most effective in increasing the HDL plasma level. Keywords: HDL, aerobic exercise, intensity 
Efek Pemberian Sari Buah Belimbing Manis (Averrhoa carambola Linn.)terhadap Kerusakan Histologis Hepar Tikus Putih(Rattus norvegicus) yang Diinduksi Parasetamol Cahyaningrum, Handayani Putri; Listyaningsih, Endang; Handayani, Selfi
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 1 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
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Abstract

Background: Star fruit (Averrhoa carambola Linn.) juice contains flavonoids, epicatechins, proanthocyanidins, and tanins that can protect liver from free radicals. The objectives of this research were to know the effect of star fruit (Averrhoa carambola Linn.) juice to liver histological damage of albino rat induced by paracetamol. Methods: This was laboratory experimental research with post test only controlled group design. Samples were 28 male rats from Wistar type, 2-3 months old and + 200 g of each weight. Samples were divided into 4 groups of 7 rats each. Sampling technique used in this research was incidental sampling. The control group (K) and the first treatment group (P1), rats were administered aquadest for 14 days. The second treatment group (P2), rats were administered star fruits juice with the concentration of 50% 2ml/200 g body weight of rat and the third group (P3), rats were administered star fruits juice with the concentration of 100% 2ml/200 g body weight of rat for 14 days. Paracetamol was administered to groups of P1, P2, and P3 on the 12th, 13th, and 14th day. On the 15th day, rats were sacrificed and their livers were made for preparation with paraffin block method which were stained HE. Liver histological features were assessed based on quantifying of pyknosis, karyorhexis, and karyolysis. Data were analyzed using the One-Way ANOVA test (α = 0.05) and continued with Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons (LSD) test (α = 0.05). Results: Statistically, the One-Way ANOVA test showed that there were significant differences of liver damage score between K – P1, K – P2, K – P3, P1 – P2, P1 – P3, and P2 – P3. Conclusion: Star fruit juice decreased the liver histological damage of albino rat (Rattus norvegicus) induced by paracetamol. Key words: star fruit juice, paracetamol, liver histological damage, albino rat 
Skrining Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pada Tenaga Kesehatan Bangsal Melati 1, Melati 2, dan Mawar 2 RSUD Dr. Moewardi Sulaiman, Achmad Faiz; Marwoto, .; Purwoko, .
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 2 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
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Abstract

Background: MRSA is known as one of main cause of nosocomial infection since found in 1961. In Indonesia, its prevalence reached 23,5%. Direct contact to healthcare workers can cause transmission of Staphylococcus aureus to patients. Carrier of chronic MRSA plays important roles on MRSA infection in hospital setting. This research aimed to know the incidence of MRSA nasal carriage of healthcare workers in RSUD Dr Moewardi Surakarta. Methods: This was an descriptive study using cross sectional design. Samples were taken from nasal swab of healtcare workers in wards of Melati 1, Melati 2 and Mawar 2. Samples were examined in Microbiology Laboratory of FK UNS. Total samples obtained were 74 according to total sampling theory. Data were analyzed descriptively and tested with Chi-Square tests. Results: The result of nasal swab from 26 healthcare workers in Melati 1 ward showed that there were 7 healthcare workers that were colonized by Staphylococcus aureus and one of them was MRSA case. In Melati 2 ward, from 25 healthcare workers, ten of them were colonized by Staphylococcus aureus and 8 out of 10 healthcare workers were MRSA cases. Whereas in Mawar 2 ward from nasal swab of 23 healthcare workers, six of them were colonized by Staphylococcus aureus and no MRSA case was found. Conclusions: The number of MRSA incidence in Melati 1, Melati 2 and Mawar 2 wards  consecutively were 1.33%, 10.67% and 0%. Keywords: MRSA, healthcare worker, colonization.
Analisis Molekuler Regio Pre-S1, Pre-S2, dan S Isolat Virus Hepatitis B 09IDSKAB-3 Prasetyo, Angga Dwi; Prasetyo, Afiono Agung; Sari, Yulia
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 1 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
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Abstract

Background: The Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) pre-S1, pre-S2, and S region are essentially known for virus infection and replication. Eight genotypes (A to H) and nine subtypes (adw2, adw4, ayw1, ayw2, ayw3, ayw4, adrq+, adrq-, and ayr) of HBV have been identified worldwide. The aim of this study was to analyze HBV genetic variation in pre-S1, pre-S2, and S region, and to determine genotype and subtype of 09IDSKAB-3 HBV isolate from Men Who Have Sex With Men community in Surakarta. Methods: 09IDSAKAB-3 HBV DNA extraction was used as a template for amplication of pre-S1, pre-S2, and S region. The sequence results were then aligned by Clustal W with all of reference sequences reported in GenBank/DDBJ/EMNL. Genetic variation in pre-S1, pre-S2, and S region were identified using MEGA 4.0. HBV genotype and subgenotype were identified by phylogenetic analysis. HBV subtype was deduced on the basis of the predicted amino acid sequences of HBsAg. Results: Based on BLAST search in GenBank, 09IDSKAB-3 isolate was classified into genotype B3. D27E variation was found in pre-S1 region, and there were not genetic variation in pre-S2 and S region. Phylogenetic tree showed that 09IDSKAB-3 isolate was classified into genotype B3. Based on the basis of predicted amino acid sequences of HBsAg, 09IDSKAB-3 isolate was classified into subtype adw2. Conclusions: Overall, only D27E variation was found in this study. 09IDSKAB-3 isolate was classified into genoytpe B3 and subtype adw2. The amino acid variations found in the present report need further study. Keywords: HBV, pre-S1 region, pre-S2 region, S region
Kombinasi Ekstrak Etanolik Kunyit dan Temulawak Lebih Berpotensi sebagai Fitofarmaka Hepatoprotektif: Studi Efek Hepatoprotektif pada Mencit Balb/C yang Diinduksi Parasetamol Nirmala, Atika Zahro; Widjokongko, S. Bambang; Budiani, Dyah Ratna
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 1 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
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Abstract

The occurrence of liver damage especially caused by consuming non steroidal anti inflammatory medicine is high in some countries. In the other hand, turmeric and curcuma are frequently consumed as a herbal treatment. Those herbals contain antioxidant. The purposes of this experiment were to know the differences of hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic extract of turmeric, curcuma, and the combination of both in mice Balb/C induced by paracetamol. This research was a laboratory experimental study with the post test only control group design. The research used 25 male Balb/C mice that were devided into 5 groups: negative [KK (-)] and positive control group [KK (+)] were administered 0.2 ml of aquades, while group treatment 1 (KP1), 2 (KP2) and 3 (KP3) consecutively  were administered 2.8 mg of turmeric ethanolic extract, 14 mg of curcuma ethanolic extract and the combination of 1.4 mg of turmeric extract and 7 mg of curcuma ectract. The treatments were conducted in 14 days. The dose of paracetamol toxic was treated to KK (+), KP1, KP2, and KP3 on the 12th, 13th, and 14th days. Hepatoprotective effect was assessed by the number of disfunctional cells of liver. The data were analyzed by One Way ANOVA and LSD test. The result of one way ANOVA showed a significant difference in the five groups with p = 0.03. LSD test showed a significant difference among KK (-), KP1, and KP3 against KK (+) and KP2. There were some differences of the hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic extract of turmeric, curcuma, and the combination of both in mice Balb/C induced by paracetamol. Keywords: hepatoprotective, turmeric, curcuma, paracetamol consecutively

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