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International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology

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Published by Universitas Udayana

ISSN : 23033371 EISSN : 26559994 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Social,

Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Environmental Science

International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology provides a unique venue for publishing original researches in biosciences and biotechnology, and ensures that authors could reach the widest possible audience. It publishes both full-length articles and short communications on all aspects of biotechnology and biosciences

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Articles 143 Documents

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DETECTION METALLO-BETA-LACTAMASE GENE IMP-1 AND IMP-2 OF Pseudomonas aeruginosa CLINICAL ISOLATES IN SANGLAH HOSPITAL BALI Ni Made Adi Tarini; Ni Nengah Dwi Fatmawati; I Putu Bayu Mayura
International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology Vol 3 No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Central Laboratory for Genetic Resource and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University in cooperation with Asia-Oceania Bioscience and Biotechnology Consortium (AOBBC)

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a pathogen frequently found as an agent of Hospital Acquired infections. This bacterium is very easy to be resistant to several types of antibiotics through various mechanisms. Carbapenem such as Imipenem and Meropenem is a potential option for the therapy of this bacterium, but unfortunately P. aeruginosa has ability in hydrolyzing these antibiotics through enzyme metallo-?-lactamases (MBLs). Recently, IMP and VIM, MBLs enzyme group are reported common from various countries, but no data is reported for these enzymes in Indonesia especially in Bali. In fact, the resistant data of P. aeruginosa against carbapenem group antibiotics such as meropenem and imipenem is quite high in Sanglah General Hospital in 2014 was 35% and 45% respectively. Therefore, the aim of this study was to detect IMP-1 and IMP-2 genes of MDR P. aeruginosa, which are phenotypically resistant to the antibiotic Imipenem and Meropenem disks based on CLSI standards in Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali. Eighty-six isolates were isolated from sputum (25 / 29.1%), wound (25 / 29.1%), urine (15 / 17.4%),endotracheal Tube (11 / 12.8), pus (6/7% ), blood (3 / 3.5%) and tissue (1 / 1.1%). In this study, all isolates were subjected to PCR for detection of IMP-1 and IMP-2. The result showed that 9 isolates were positive IMP-1 gene (10.5%), but there was no isolate positive for IMP-2 gene. The result was similar with that of the other countries, especially for the gene IMP-1. Detection and molecular characterization of MBL-producing P. aeruginosa strains are very important for infection control purposes. Currently, this study is still continued for detection of another MBL genes.

DNA MICROARRAY BASED EXPRESSIONAL PROFILING OF HRPXO DEPENDENT UP-REGULONS IN XANTHOMONAS ORYZAE PV. ORYZAE Byoung Ho So; Jongun Kim; Hee Wan Kang
International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology Vol 1 No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Central Laboratory for Genetic Resource and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University in cooperation with Asia-Oceania Bioscience and Biotechnology Consortium (AOBBC)

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Thirty-mer oligonucleotides for microarray analysis were designed from the annotated open reading frames(ORFs) in the whole genome sequence of X. oryzae pv. oryzae KACC10331. Mutant hrpXo::TN and wild-typestrain KACC10859 were cultured in hrp inducing medium (XOM2), and cDNAs, which were synthesizedfrom the total RNA samples from both strains, were hybridized on a DNA microarray. The microarraydata showed that 210 genes were down-regulated more than 2-fold in hrpXo::TN, while 115 genes wereup-regulated more than 2-fold. The HrpXo regulons diff erently included 54 hypothetical genes: type IIIsecretory genes (11 hrp genes); genes encoding type III secretory eff ectors (xopP genes and avr/pthA); genesencoding type II secretory eff ectors (6 proteases, a lipase, a polygalacturonase, and 4 cellulases); 7 iron-uptakegenes; 6 pil genes encoding fi mbrial assembly membrane proteins; and 14 transposon genes. Signifi cantplant-inducible promoter (PIP) sequences were newly identifi ed on HrpXo regulons. The validity of theexpressional profi les was further confi rmed by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR.

STUDY OF FERTILIZER (ORGANIC + INORGANIC) FORMULATION TO IMPROVE GUBAL AGARWOOD FORMATION IN KETIMUNAN TREE (Gyrinops versteegii) I Made Mega; A.A. Nyoman Supadma
International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology Vol 5 No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Central Laboratory for Genetic Resource and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University in cooperation with Asia-Oceania Bioscience and Biotechnology Consortium (AOBBC)

A study of fertilizer formulation (organic + inorganic) to increase the formation of sapwood (gubal) on agarwood plants (Gyrinops versteegii), had done to find the best fertilizer formulation that capable of increase and accelerate either growth and agarwood formation of sapwood on agarwood trees. The first year of study was conducted in Marga Tabanan Village. The field research was Randomized Block Designed (3 groups) with single factor of treatment. The tested treatment were 6 formulation of compound fertilizers and a control (unfertilized treatment). The compound fertlizers consisted of urea, SP-36, KCl, local compost, and dolomite in varying doses. The fertilizer formulations were applied on 21 agarwood trees that previously inoculated with mixed inoculant of Fusarium solani and Rhisopus sp. Three months after inoculation, the data from the following parameters were measured and statistically analyzed: plant height, stem circumference, sapwood weight, resin content and soil chemical properties.The results showed that the tested fertilizer compound had significant effect on plant height, sapwood weight, and resin rendement. No significant effect of fertilizer compound measured on the stem circumference. The highest sapwood weights was obtained on C treatment (14.39 g). The highest resin yield was obtained on B treatment (3.91%) which was relatively the same as that on C treatment (3.85%). Thus, the best fertilizer formulation for either plant growth, agarwood formation or agarwood resin was C treatment (100 g urea + 100 g SP-36 + 100 g KCl) + (7.5 kg compost) + (75 g Dolomite) per tree.

ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF Pseudomonas spp. TO CONTROL Plasmodiophora brassciae, THE PATHOGEN OF CLUBROOT DISEASE ON CABBAGE I Ketut Suada; Anak Agung Ngurah Gede Suwastika
International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology Vol 4 No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Central Laboratory for Genetic Resource and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University in cooperation with Asia-Oceania Bioscience and Biotechnology Consortium (AOBBC)

Clubroot is very detrimental disease to cabbage production so as farmers work on various efforts to control it. The use of fungicides not only ineffective but also pollute the environment, therefore biological control system need to be pursued. The use of antagonistic agents such as Pseudomonas has been widely studied and known effective in suppressing various pathogens. Therefore it is worth trying its effectiveness against Plasmodiophora brassicae, a pathogen of cabbage. The purpose of this study was to obtain indigenous Pseudomonas which effectively suppress the pathogens and may also increase plant growth. Microbes were isolated from the cabbage area using the Kings'B medium with multilevel dilution. All isolates were tested for their effectiveness in pots in a Completely Randomized Design with a concentration of 1.5x106 CFU (Colony Forming Unit) per pot. The variables observed were plant growth, number of club roots, and percentage of disease incidence. Fourteen isolates of Pseudomonas were isolated. Three Pseudomonas isolates were found most effective at suppressing clubroot disease and increasing plant growth. The best isolate obtained was Pseudomonas-6, followed Pseudomonas-9, and Pseudomonas-8.

ISOLATION OF PROTEASE ENZYME FROM CHAYOTE FRUIT (Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw.) WITH AMMONIUM SULFATE FRACTINATION METHOD Ketut Ratnayani; Lia Kusumaningrum
International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology Vol 2 No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Central Laboratory for Genetic Resource and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University in cooperation with Asia-Oceania Bioscience and Biotechnology Consortium (AOBBC)

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Protease is an enzyme that is capable to hydrolyze (breakdown) protein molecules intosimpler compounds such as small peptides and amino acids. The aim of the research was toisolate protease enzyme from chayote (Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw.) using fractinationammonium sulfate method and to find out the optimum saturation level of the ammoniumsulfate. P rotease activity examination of each fraction of ammonium sulfate was performedusing Anson method. Protein content assay was determined using Biuret method. The resultsshowed that crude extract protease of chayote had specific activity of 3,7338 x 10-3 U/mg. Theoptimal saturation levels of ammonium sulfate for protease chayote precipitation was 40-50%. At this saturation level, the highest enzyme spesific activity were 16,00 x 10-3 U/mg,with four times purifying of protease enzyme from the crude extract protease.

ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF AZOTOBACTER OF SOME TYPE OF LAND USE IN JEGU VILLAGES Ni Nengah Soniari; I Wayan Dana Atmaja
International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology Vol 6 No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Central Laboratory for Genetic Resource and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University in cooperation with Asia-Oceania Bioscience and Biotechnology Consortium (AOBBC)

Conventional farming systems have a negative impact on the life of Azotobacter. Through the results of this study, we want to provide information on the existence of Azotobacter in several rhizosphere of cultivated plants, and looking for isolates that have advantages as biofertilizers and decomposers. This research is an exploration of bacteria Azotobacter spp. from several plant rhizosphere namely: organic and inorganic rice paddy, cassava, coconut, and chocolate. Three samples was taken from each type of land use, so that the number of isolate sources were 15 samples. All analyzes were conducted at Soil Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture Udayana University. This study aims to find isolates of Azotobacter spp. which is superior to be utilized as biofertilizer and decomposer. Parameters used to support isolation and identification results are total population of bacteria Azotobacter spp., soil respiration, gram staining, halo zone and optical density. The results showed that organic rice rhizosphere was the best isolate source compared with inorganic rice rhizosphere, coconut, cassava and chocolate. Isolate from this organic rice rhizosphere has the highest total population (40.10 cfu x107g-1 soil), on positive catalase test yield bubbles and optical density (average 1.217ABS at 550 nm wavelength). While the superior isolates of Azotobacter spp. As biofertilizer and decomposer candidates are TSO2 isolates (samples from organic rice plant rhizosphere) with soil respiration rate (8.057mgC-CO2 kg-1 soil/day), high optical density (1.147 ABS on spectrophotometer with 550 nm wavelength) and highest halo zone diameter (10 mm).

ZYMOGRAPHY OF EXTRACELLULAR PROTEASES IN Bacillus subtilis Takeko Kodama; Keiji Endo; Katsutoshi Ara; Katsuya Ozaki; Junichi Sekiguchi
International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology Vol 1 No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Central Laboratory for Genetic Resource and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University in cooperation with Asia-Oceania Bioscience and Biotechnology Consortium (AOBBC)

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In Bacillus subtilis, AprE, Bpr, Epr, Mpr, NprB, NprE, Vpr and WprA have been identifi ed as extracellularproteases. We determined protease activities from the culture supernatant of Bacillus subtilis using a 1Dzymogram gel containing gelatin. The highest protease activities were found at the late stationary phase ofa 75-h culture. To distinguish the proteases, the zymogram patt ern of the wild type was compared with theprotease-defi cient mutants (aprE, bpr, epr, mpr, nprB, nprE, vpr and wprA). Activities of AprE, Bpr, Mpr, andVpr were estimated by gelatin zymography. In addition, for the aprE mutant, the zymogram profi le of Bprwas very diff erent from that of the wild type. This suggested that AprE is involved in processing the Bprprotein.

PCR FINGERPRINTING OF DIVERSE GENOMES FROM BACTERIAL STRAINS USING UNIVERSAL RICE PRIMER (URP) Hee Wan Kang
International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology Vol 6 No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Central Laboratory for Genetic Resource and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University in cooperation with Asia-Oceania Bioscience and Biotechnology Consortium (AOBBC)

Twenty primers of 20 mer referred to universal rice primer (URP) were developed from a repetitive sequence of rice genome. URP-PCR protocol employed stringent PCR with high annealing temperature throughout the thermo-cycling reaction, giving high reproducibility. Under the PCR condition, each single URP primer produced characteristic fingerprints from diverse genomes of bacterial species. The universal application of URP-PCR was demonstrated by applying it to 24 strains from Pectobacterium carotovoum subsp. carotovorum, 41 Agrobacterium vitis strains, 3 Xanthomonas spp. 5 Pseudomonas spp, Rhizobium sp. plant pathogenic bacteria, human and animal pathogenic bacterial strains including 6 Escherichia coli, 4 Salmonella spp., 7 Mycobacterium spp and 3 Blucella abortus strains. In addition, thermophilic bacteria were randomly isolated form high temperature compost and their URP-PCR polymorphisms were characterized with genetic relatedness. PCR approach using URP primers will be useful for studying DNA diversity of diverse prokaryotic genomes, especially at inter- and intra species levels.

MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS AND GENETIC VARIABILITY OF CHAMPACA IN BALI I Made Sukewijaya; Made Sudiana Mahendra; I Nyoman Rai; I Gede Rai Maya Temaja
International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology Vol 4 No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Central Laboratory for Genetic Resource and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University in cooperation with Asia-Oceania Bioscience and Biotechnology Consortium (AOBBC)

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Bali community utilize champaca flower for offering materials and worship, besides beauty salon purposes, the SPA aromatic ingredients, essential oils, perfumes, cosmetics, and drugs. Various champaca plants in Indonesia have not been studied as one of Indonesia's biodiversity that can be used as excellent genetic resources (germplasm). The objective of the study was to determine the genetic diversity of champaca in Bali. The results revealed that 12 (twelve) champaca accession morphologically was characterized. All of accessions obtained from cultivation centers champaca in Bali. Based on the characteristic was observed by morphological characters i.e.: (a) Cempaka Putih Wilis (b) Cempaka Putih Pateh, (c) Cempaka Putih Patemon, (d) Cempaka Putih Sibang, (e) Cempaka Kuning Muda Petemon, (f) Cempaka Kuning Kecil Patemon, (g) Cempaka Kuning Besar Patemon, (h) (i) Cempaka Kuning Kecil Sibang, (j) Cempaka Kuning Tua Sibang, (k) Cempaka Kuning Muda Sibang, and (l) Cempaka Kuning Punah Sibang. Morphologically, champaca in Bali can be grouped into 4 clusters and therefore, and based on RAPD analysis champaca in Bali could be grouped into 5 clusters.

CVPDr DNA FRAGMENT AFFECT DIFFERENCES IN RESISTANT TO CITRUS VEIN PHLOEM DEGENERATION (CVPD) DISEASE, NUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES AND QUALITY OF FRUITS I Gusti Ayu Diah Yuniti; I Gede Putu Wirawan; I Nyoman Wijaya; Made Sritamin
International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology Vol 5 No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Central Laboratory for Genetic Resource and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University in cooperation with Asia-Oceania Bioscience and Biotechnology Consortium (AOBBC)

Citrus Vein Phloem Degeneration (CVPD) disease is a major obstacle in the effort to develop and increase the production of citrus fruits in Bali. The study on the polymorphism of CVPDr DNA fragment shows that the CVPDr DNA fragment is resistant factor againt CVPD disease. This study try to elaborate the difference in resistance led to differences in plant nutrients deficiencies in the citrus plant with CVPD disease. . Besides, there are also difference in the quality of fruit due to CVPD disease attacks such as water content, vitamin C content and antioxidants in citrus fruits, color, flavor, taste and texture and fruit into small, hard and sour taste.

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