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Uji Sifat Fisikokimia Mocaf (Modified cassava Flour) dan Pati Singkong Termodifikasi untuk Formulasi Tablet Wira Noviana, Wira Noviana; Halim, Auzal; Lucida, Henny
JFIOnline | Print ISSN 1412-1107 | e-ISSN 2355-696X Vol 6, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : Indonesian Research Gateway

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

ABSTRACT: Utilization of cassava starch as an excipient in the tablet formulation is still very limited. Various modifications to the cassava starch has been carried out to obtain a better starch properties. The aim of this study was to examine the physi- cochemical properties of MOCAF and modified cassava starch as an excipient for tablet formulation, especially for direct compression method. MOCAF and modified cassava starch is a product of flour and cassava starch is modified mainly by lac- tic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus sp). Then the results of these modifications will be evaluated physicochemical properties, including examination of the surface shape of starch granules using SEM, thermal analysis by DTA, the pattern of starch crys- tallographic by X-ray diffraction, adsorption isotherm, and the content of amylose. The results showed that MOCAF and modified cassava starch granule were rougher- occurred some holes presented distinctively- and more crystalline than Starch 1500. Meanwhile, the result of adsorption isotherms MOCAF and modified cassava starch showed a model type II of adsorption isotherms. Another results show that the amy- lose content of cassava starch modified 48 hours has the highest amylose content that is equal to 33.5714%. Keywords: MOCAF, Modified Cassava Starch, Lactic Acid Bacteria, Tablets ABSTRAK: Penggunaan pati singkong sebagai bahan tambahan dalam formulasi tablet masih sangat terbatas. Berbagai modifikasi terhadap pati singkong telah dilakukan untuk mendapatkan sifat pati yang lebih baik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji sifat fisikokimia MOCAF dan pati singkong termodifikasi sebagai bahan tambahan dalam formulasi tablet khususnya untuk metoda cetak langsung. MOCAF dan pati singkong termodifikasi merupakan produk tepung dan pati singkong yang dimodifikasi terutama oleh bakteri asam laktat (Lactobacillus sp). Kemudian hasil modifikasi ini akan dievaluasi sifat fisikokimianya, dianta- ranya pemeriksaan bentuk permukaan granula pati menggunakan SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), analisis panas dengan DTA, pola kristalografi pati dengan difraksi sinar X, adsorpsi isoterm, dan kadar amilosa. Hasilnya menunjukkan bah- wa MOCAF dan pati singkong termodifikasi mengalami perlubangan pada permu- kaan granulanya, dan lebih bersifat kristal jika dibandingkan dengan Starch 1500. Sementara itu, dari hasil pemeriksaan adsorpsi isoterm MOCAF dan pati singkong termodifikasi menunjukkan model adsorpsi isoterm tipe II. Hasil lainnya menun- jukkan bahwa kadar amilosa pati singkong termodifikasi 48 jam mempunyai ka- dar amilosa paling tinggi yaitu sebesar 33,5714%. Kata kunci: MOCAF, Pati Singkong Termodifikasi, Bakteri Asam Laktat, Tablet

FORMULATION OF ANTI-PLAQUE TOOTHPASTE FROM STANDARDIZED GAMBIR EXTRACT AND ITS ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY Lucida, Henny; Rustini, .; Saufitri, Dian; Dachriyanus, .
Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 5, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35617/jfi.v5i2.40

Telah dilakukan formulasi pasta gigi ekstrak gambir terstandarisasi serta uji daya antimikrobanya terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri penyebab plak Streptococcus mutans. Uji pendahuluan menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak gambir terstandarisasi pada kadar 7% memiliki diameter hambat optimal terhadap pertumbuhan mikroba uji. Berdasarkan ini dibuat 3 formula pasta gigi dengan kadar ekstrak gambir terstandarisasi sebesar 7% dengan kosentrasi kalsium karbonat (abrasif) yang bervariasi, berturut-turut 37, 42 dan 47%. Semua formula diuji sifat-sifat farmasetik dan aktivitas antimikrobanya, sebagai pembanding digunakan pasta gigi â??Fâ?. Hasil evaluasi sifat farmasetika sediaan menunjukkan semua formula memenuhi persyaratan pastagigi yang baik.Â Formula 3 (F3) memberikan diameter hambat paling baik (19,25 + 0,50 mm), sedangkan pembanding â??Fâ? memberikan diameter hambat (20,0 + 0,00 mm).Â Terdapat perbedaan bermakna diameter hambat antar perlakuan (basis versus pasta gigi ekstrak gambir) pada taraf kepercayaan Â 0,05. Â ABSTRACT A toothpaste containing standardized gambir extract had been formulated and an antimicrobial assay of the toothpaste against Streptococcus mutans had been done. Preliminary study showed that the concentration of gambir extract of 7 % obtained an optimal range of inhibition of S. mutans growth. Three formulas were then prepared, which contained 7 % extract and various concentrations of calcium carbonate (37, 42 and 47 % respectively). The formulas were subjected to evaluation procedures including the pharmaceutical properties and the antimicrobial activity in comparison to commercial formula â??Fâ?. Results indicated that all formulas had good pharmaceutical properties. F3 showed the best inhibition against the growth of S mutans (diameter of inhibition = Â 19,25 + 0,50 mm) while that of the commercial toothpaste â??Fâ? was (20,0 + 0,00 mm) , which was significantly different from that of the toothpasteÂ base at probability 0.05.

PENGEMBANGAN POTENSI RHODOMYRTONE SEBAGAI BAHAN AKTIF SEDIAAN TOPIKAL Fahmi, Rizal; Rullah, Kamal; Rahmat, Rosita Dewi; Lucida, Henny; Manjang, Yunazar; Hj. Lajisc, Nordin; Dachriyanus, .
Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 6, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35617/jfi.v6i1.93

Rhodomyrtone, an antibacterial constituent was isolated from the active fraction of theleaves extract of Karamuntiang, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk. In this presentstudy, the topical cream formula of rhodomyrtone 2% in vanishing cream was evaluated byin vitro and in vivo preclinical test. The in vitro test was peformed against Staphylococcusaureus ATTC 6538 and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATTC 12228 by using disk agardiffusion method, while the in vivo test was evaluated on the surface of skin infection area ofthe rabbit caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Both these tests were guided bychloromphenicol 2% cream as a comparison. The topical cream of rhodomyrtone 2% invanishing cream showed diameters of inhibition zones of 15 mm and 26 mm towardStaphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis respectively. These diffusions werelower than inhibition zones of chloromphenicol 2% cream which has 30 mm and 32 mm forthe same bacterias in the same condition. The in vivo test showed that rhodomyrtone 2%topical cream can reduced that skin infection and did not caused irritation on the testedrabbits.ABSTRAKRhodomyrtone adalah suatu konstituen antibakteri fraksi aktif ekstrak daun karamuntiang,Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Ait) Hassk. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan uji preklinisterhadap krim sediaan topikal Rhodomyrtone 2% dalam vanishing cream. Uji preklinissecara in vitro menggunakan media agar dan Staphylococcus aureus ATTC 6538 danStaphylococcus epidermidis 12228 sebagai bakteri uji, sedangkan secara in-vivo dilakukanterhadap kulit pada kelinci yang di infeksi dengan Staphylococcus aureus. Kedua uji inimenggunakan krim kloromfenikol 2% sebagai pembanding. Krim sediaan topikalrhodomyrtone 2% dengan basis vanishing cream memberikan diameter hambatan berturutturut15 mm dan 26 mm terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Staphylococcus epidermidis.Difusi ini lebih rendah dibanding sediaan krim kloromfenikol 2% yang memberikan diameterhambatan 30 mm dan 32 mm, masing-masing untuk Staphylococcus aureus danStaphylococcus epidermidis pada kondisi yang sama. Selanjutnya uji secara in vivomenunjukkan bahwa krim sediaan topikal rhodomyrtone 2% dapat mengurangi infeksi kulitdan tidak menimbulkan iritasi pada kelinci percobaan.

OPTIMASI KOMBINASI PENGHANCUR DAN PENGIKAT DALAM FORMULASI TABLET EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN Eugenia cumini Merr. Lucida, Henny; Saputra, Harry; Arifin, Helmi
Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 4, No 3 (2009)
Publisher : Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35617/jfi.v4i3.19

Preclinical studies of the aethanolic extract of the leaves of Eugenia cumini Merr (Jamblang, jambu kaliang) showed that it decreased the blood glucose level of mice at the doses of 50, 100 dan 200 mg/kg BW respectively. The extract was not toxic with the LD50 >15g/kg BB. The acute and sub-acute toxicity studies indicated that the extract was safe for a long use in mice. These results supported the potencial of this extract to be formulated as drug. This study reported the optimization technique used in the formulation of tablet of the aethanolic extract of Eugenia cumini Merr leaves to obtain best formulation with combination of dissintegrant and binder with respect to tablet dissintegration time. Four formulations containingÂ 250 mg of extract were prepared by wet granulation. Results showed that granules of each formulas fulfilled the requirements of granules physical properties except granules a and b for its moisture content. The tablets also fulfilled the Indonesia Phamacopeia requirements except formula b for dissintegration time. Formulation of tablet based on optimization (amprotab 11% and PVP 2%) resulted in tablets with dissintegration time of 499 seconds (contour plot showed 443 seconds). ABSTRAK Uji preklinis menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun Eugenia cumini Merr (Jamblang, jambu kaliang) dengan dosis 50, 100 dan 200 mg/kg BB dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah hewan percobaan. Ekstrak ini tergolong tidak toksik dengan LD50 >15g/kg BB. Uji toksisitas akutÂ dan toksisitas sub akut menunjukkan bahwa ekstraks ini aman digunakan dalam jangka waktu lama. Dengan demikian senyawa ini berpotensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi fitofarmaka. Makalah ini melaporkan hasil penelitian tentang optimasi kombinasi penghancur dan pengikat dalam formulasi tablet antidiabetes dari ekstrak etanol daun Eugenia cumini Merr. Dibuat empat formula tablet yang mengandung ekstrak sebesar 250 mg secara granulasi basah, dengan amprotab sebagai penghancur dan polivinilpirolidon (PVP) sebagai pengikat. Respon yang diukur adalah sifat fisik granul, sifat fisik tablet dan waktu hancur tablet. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa granul yang dihasilkan memenuhi persyaratan uji sifat fisik granul kecuali formula a dan b untuk uji kandungan lembab. Tablet yang dihasilkan memenuhi persyaratan tablet menurut Farmakope Indonesia kecuali formula b untuk waktu hancur tablet. Variasi konsentrasi amprotab berpengaruh dominan terhadap waktu hancur tablet dibandingkan dengan variasi konsentrasi PVP. Formulasi tablet ekstrak etanol daun Eugenia cumini Merr berdasarkan hasil optimasi (amprotab 11% dan polivinilpirolidon 2%) memberikan tablet dengan waktu hancur 499 detik.

Uji Sifat Fisikokimia Mocaf (Modified cassava Flour) dan Pati Singkong Termodifikasi untuk Formulasi Tablet Wira Noviana, Wira Noviana; Halim, Auzal; Lucida, Henny
Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 6, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia

ABSTRACT: Utilization of cassava starch as an excipient in the tablet formulation is still very limited. Various modifications to the cassava starch has been carried out to obtain a better starch properties. The aim of this study was to examine the physi- cochemical properties of MOCAF and modified cassava starch as an excipient for tablet formulation, especially for direct compression method. MOCAF and modified cassava starch is a product of flour and cassava starch is modified mainly by lac- tic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus sp). Then the results of these modifications will be evaluated physicochemical properties, including examination of the surface shape of starch granules using SEM, thermal analysis by DTA, the pattern of starch crys- tallographic by X-ray diffraction, adsorption isotherm, and the content of amylose. The results showed that MOCAF and modified cassava starch granule were rougher- occurred some holes presented distinctively- and more crystalline than Starch 1500. Meanwhile, the result of adsorption isotherms MOCAF and modified cassava starch showed a model type II of adsorption isotherms. Another results show that the amy- lose content of cassava starch modified 48 hours has the highest amylose content that is equal to 33.5714%. Keywords: MOCAF, Modified Cassava Starch, Lactic Acid Bacteria, Tablets ABSTRAK: Penggunaan pati singkong sebagai bahan tambahan dalam formulasi tablet masih sangat terbatas. Berbagai modifikasi terhadap pati singkong telah dilakukan untuk mendapatkan sifat pati yang lebih baik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji sifat fisikokimia MOCAF dan pati singkong termodifikasi sebagai bahan tambahan dalam formulasi tablet khususnya untuk metoda cetak langsung. MOCAF dan pati singkong termodifikasi merupakan produk tepung dan pati singkong yang dimodifikasi terutama oleh bakteri asam laktat (Lactobacillus sp). Kemudian hasil modifikasi ini akan dievaluasi sifat fisikokimianya, dianta- ranya pemeriksaan bentuk permukaan granula pati menggunakan SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), analisis panas dengan DTA, pola kristalografi pati dengan difraksi sinar X, adsorpsi isoterm, dan kadar amilosa. Hasilnya menunjukkan bah- wa MOCAF dan pati singkong termodifikasi mengalami perlubangan pada permu- kaan granulanya, dan lebih bersifat kristal jika dibandingkan dengan Starch 1500. Sementara itu, dari hasil pemeriksaan adsorpsi isoterm MOCAF dan pati singkong termodifikasi menunjukkan model adsorpsi isoterm tipe II. Hasil lainnya menun- jukkan bahwa kadar amilosa pati singkong termodifikasi 48 jam mempunyai ka- dar amilosa paling tinggi yaitu sebesar 33,5714%. Kata kunci: MOCAF, Pati Singkong Termodifikasi, Bakteri Asam Laktat, Tablet

ANALISIS PROTEIN PADA MEDIUM TERKONDISI SEL PUNCA MESENKIMAL Pradifta, Reysa; Marlina, Marlina; Lucida, Henny
JURNAL MEDIA KESEHATAN Vol 14 No 2 (2021): Jurnal Media Kesehatan Poltekkes Kemenkes Bengkulu Volume 14 No 2 Desember 2021
Publisher : Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33088/jmk.v14i2.720

Sel punca mesenkimal / mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) merupakan sel yang paling banyak membentuk organ stroma sumsum tulang belakang. MSC memiliki kemampuan memperbarui diri sampai jumlah yang cukup untuk menyembuhkan luka. Media tempat tumbuh MSC yang belum berdiferensiasi disebut media terkondisi sel punca mesenkimal atau mesenchymal stem cells-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) dan mempunyai efek seperti MSC. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan analisa kandungan protein yang terdapat dalam MSC-CM yang diisolasi dari jaringan adiposa. Analisis protein menggunakan uji Ninhidrin dan Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Hasil Uji Ninhidrin menunjukkan terjadinya perubahan warna dari merah muda ke ungu yang berarti hasil positif terdapat asam amino. Hasil uji dengan metoda SDS-PAGE (Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis), profil protein MSC-CM diamati berdasarkan berat molekulnya. Protein terdeteksi pada ukuran 38 kDa – 98 kDa yang terdiri dari VEGF pada 45 kDa, EGF containing fibulinlike pada 55 kDa, ECM protein 1 pada 61 kDa dan TGFꞵ pada 75 kDa. Berdasarkan uji identifikasi protein pada MSC-CM didapatkan hasil yang menunjukan positif adanya kandungan protein yang diprediksi sebagai faktor pertumbuhan yang disekresikan oleh MSC.

PENGARUH VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) DI DALAM BASIS KRIM TERHADAP PENETRASI ZAT AKTIF Henny Lucida; Vinny Hosiana; Vivi Muharmi
Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Vol. 4 No. 2 (2007)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

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ABSTRACTA study on formulation of cream in a base containing Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) withPiroxicam (1%) as a model has been undertaken. VCO concentration in the cream-base weremade 0 %, 31%, 36% and 41% respectively to determine the influence of VCO concentration on thepenetration profile of the drug. The profil of penetration was determined by using Franz diffusioncell (vertical type) with the mice’s skin and pH 8 phosphate buffer as membrane and mediumrespectively. Concentration of piroxicam released was determined spectrophotometically atwavelength 353.2 nm. Results indicated that the penetration profile of piroxicam from formula 1, 2and 3 followed zero order kinetic with the slope (k) of 0.0171 (r = 0.9913); 0.0217 (r = 0.9869) and0.0217 (r = 0.9939) respectively, while that from formula 4 followed Higuchi equation with the slope(k) of 0,0570 mg/sec2 / 1(r = 0.9853). The highest rate was observed from Formula 4 (VCOconcentration was 41%). Statistical análysis showed that VCO affected the release of piroxicamfrom the formulation significantly (p

Solid dispersion of quercetin-PVP K-30 and its effects on the antioxidant activity Zahara Gayo; Henny Lucida; Erizal Zaini
Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Vol. 16 No. 2 (2020): Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/jif.vol16.iss2.art6

AbstractBackground: Quercetin (3,3’,4’,5,7-pentahydroxil-flavon) is a flavone and secondary metabolite known as flavonoid. Quercetin belongs to class II BCS that has low solubility and high permeability. The poor solubility of quercetin restricts the accessibility and bioavailability.Objectives: To increase the solubility, dissolution, and antioxidant activity in a solid dispersion system.Methods: Preparation of quersetin-PVP K-30 solid dispersion was conducted using the freeze-drying method at -96 degree C for 24 hours with a ratio of 1:1, 1:0.5, and 0.5:1 and a 1:1 physical mixture of quercetin-PVP K-30. The solid dispersion of quercetin-PVP K-30 was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, and FT-IR spectrophotometric analysis. Solubility test was analyzed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, dissolution test was done using a paddle-type dissolution tester, dissolved quercetin concentrations were analyzed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH method in a UV-Vis spectrophotometer.Results: SEM analysis showed the formation of quercetin-PVP K-30 solid dispersion using the freeze-drying method, and the form changed into anhydrate as seen from the XRD results with the presence of new crystalline peaks in solid dispersion, which were not seen in pure quercetin and PVP K-30. Quercetin-PVP K-30 solid dispersion could increase the solubility by 54-fold at a ratio of 0.5:1 with 94.36%±0.85 quercetin dissolved in 120 minutes. The formation of this solid dispersion affected the antioxidant activity which was observable from the IC50 value at the best ratio of 0.5:1 reaching 0.714 microgram/mL while the IC50 value of pure quercetin is 1.102 microgram/mL.Conclusion: The formation of quercetin solid dispersion could increase the solubility and dissolution and affect the antioxidant activity.Keywords: solid dispersion, freeze-drying, quercetin, antioxidantIntisariLatar Belakang: Kuersetin (3,3’,4’,5,7-pentahydroxil flavon) adalah flavon dan merupakan metabolit sekunder yang dikenal dengan flavonoid. Kuersetin tergolong dalam BCS kelas II yaitu memiliki kelarutan rendah dan permeabilitas tinggi (low solubility and high permeability drugs), kelarutan kuersetin yang buruk membatasi aksesibilitas dan bioavailabilitasnya.Tujuan: Untuk meningkatkan kelarutan dan disolusi kuersetin serta melihat pengaruhnya terhadap aktivitas antioksidan kuersetin.Metode: Pembuatan dispersi padat menggunakan metode freeze dry pada suhu -96 derajat C selama 24 jam.Hasil: Dengan pembuatan disepersi padat kuersetin-PVP K-30 dapat meningkatkan kelarutan, disolusi dan dapat meningkatkan aktivitas antioksidan kuersetin.Kesimpulan: Uji statistik menggunakan ANOVA dua arah menunjukkan uji kelarutan dan disolusi pada pembentukan dispersi padat kuersetin-PVP K-30 terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan (p= 0,000 (Sig<0,05)).Kata Kunci: Dispersi padat, Freeze Dry, Kuersetin, Antioksidan

Cross Sectional: Dukungan Sosial dan Resiliensi Perawat Okti Rahayu Asih; Rahmi Fahmy; Dwi Novrianda; Henny Lucida; Vetty Priscilla; Zifriyanthi Minanda Putri
Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi Vol 19, No 2 (2019): Juli
Publisher : Universitas Batanghari Jambi

Resilience is an essential element to be built in the nursing profession in order to overcome challenges and difficulties in the workplace. Relationship and effective support that comes from family, friends and peers are factors that influence resilience. To examine the relationship between social support and nurse resilience. This research applied a quantitative design with cross sectional approach. The samples were taken by proportional random sampling and 110 nurses were chosen as the samples. The instruments in this study were CD-RISC 10 and MSPSS with modified. There is a relationship between social support and nurse resilience. Suggestion: Hospital management may design an innovative and creative programs to increase nurses’ perceived social support such as family gathering programs, family hospital tour programs and mentoring as an effort to increase their resilience

KINETIKA PERMEASI KLOTRIMAZOL DARI MATRIKS BASIS KRIM YANG MENGANDUNG VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) Henny Lucida; Patihul Husni; Vinny Hosiana
Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 2 No. 1 (2008): September
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jrk.v2i1.56

Â ABSTRACTÂ AÂ kineticÂ studyÂ onÂ theÂ releaseÂ ofÂ clotrimazoleÂ fromÂ aÂ VCOÂ containingÂ creambaseÂ hasÂ beenÂ undertaken.Â TheÂ in-vitroÂ releaseÂ ofÂ theÂ drugÂ wasÂ studiedÂ byÂ usingÂ aÂ modificationÂ diffusionÂ cellÂ apparatus.Â FourÂ formulationsÂ ofÂ clotrimazoleÂ creamÂ wereÂ prepared,Â eachÂ containedÂ eitherÂ VCOÂ orÂ paraffinÂ liquidumÂ inÂ theÂ creamÂ base.Â TheÂ amountÂ ofÂ clotrimazoleÂ releaseÂ wereÂ determinedÂ byÂ UVÂ spectrophotometer.Â ResultsÂ showedÂ thatÂ releaseÂ ofÂ clotrimazoleÂ fromÂ allÂ formulationsÂ followedÂ HiguchiÂ kinetics,Â theÂ releaseÂ rateÂ constantÂ fromÂ F1Â (containingÂ VCO)Â wasÂ significantlyÂ differentÂ thanÂ thatÂ fromÂ F1â€™Â (containingÂ paraffinÂ liquidum)Â (pÂ <Â 0.05).Â TheÂ rateÂ constantÂ ofÂ clotrimazoleÂ fromÂ F2Â (containingÂ VCO);Â F2â€™Â (containingÂ paraffinÂ liquidumÂ )Â andÂ F1Â wereÂ notÂ significantlyÂ different.Â VirginÂ coconutÂ oilÂ (VCO)Â wasÂ aÂ potentialÂ creamÂ baseÂ matrixÂ regardingÂ theÂ releaseÂ profileÂ ofÂ clotrimazoleÂ fromÂ theÂ matrix.Â KeywordsÂ :Â clotrimazol,Â VCO,Â permeationÂ kinetic

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