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MUHAMMAD RIZAL

Bagian Klinik Hewan, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Udayana, Bali

Author-ID : 362312

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Automotive Engineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Energy Engineering Health Professions Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary Other

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The Role of Antioxidant for Improving The Quality of Frozen Semen Rizal, Muhammad; ., Herdis
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 20, No 3 (2010)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

The quality of frozen semen will be reduced if high oxidative metabolism activity in semen occurs, due to the formation of free radical compounds causing lipid peroxidation reaction on sperm plasma membrane. Lipid peroxidation occurs due to the exposure of semen to the oxygen during handling. Lipid peroxidation can be prevented by the addition of antioxidant compounds such as vitamin C, vitamin E, glutathione, and b-carotene, in the semen extender. Results of some researches showed that the addition of various antioxidans in extender can improve the quality of frozen semen of various animals. Key words: Antioxidant, free radical, lipid peroxidation, frozen semen

Utilization of Epididymal Sperm in Reproductive Technology Rizal, Muhammad; ., Nasrullah
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 14, No 1 (2004)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Cauda epididymal sperm could be used as an alternative of male gamete source for application in reproductive technology, because the sperm is motile and has ability for fertilizing oocyte. This sperm could be collected from life or death animal, then it might be processed for chilling or freezing. Epididymis from death animal could also be preserved at 5Â°C for several days before collecting and processing. Cauda epididymal sperm which has motility more than 40% can be applied for artificial insemination (AI) or in vitro fertilization (IVF) programs. Key words: Cauda epididymal spermatozoa, Al, IVF

Quality of Garut ram frozen semen in various glycerol concentrations Rizal, Muhammad; Toelihere, M.R; Yusuf, T.L; Purwantara, B; Situmorang, P
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 7, No 3 (2002)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Semen was collected once a week using artificial vagina from four mature Garut rams. Immediately after initial evaluation, semen was divided into three parts and diluted with tris extender containing 3% (G3), 5% (G5), and 7% (G7) glycerol, respectively, each with the concentration of 100 million motile sperm 0.25 ml-1. Semen was loaded in 0.25 ml mini straws, and equilibrated at 50C for three hours, then frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen container. Results indicated that percentages of post thawing motility and live sperm for G5 (40 and 50.50%) were significantly higher than G3 (32.50 and 45.33%) (P<0.05), but not significantly different with G7 (39.17 and 47.67%) (P>0.05). Percentages of post thawing intact acrosomal and plasma membrane for G5 (42.67 and 43.17%) were significantly higher than G3 (36.17 and 38.17%) (P<0.05), but not significantly different with G7 (38 and 39.83%) (P>0.05). In conclusion, concentration of 5% glycerol is the optimal dose in maintaining frozen semen quality of Garut rams. Â Key words: Glycerol concentrations, frozen semen, Garut ram

Viability of Bali bull epididymal spermatozoa preserved at 3â5oC in Tris extender with different lactose concentrations Rizal, Muhammad
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 14, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Cauda epididymal spermatozoa could be used as an alternative source of gamete in the application of various reproductive technologies, because the spermatozoa is motile and has ability for fertilizing the oocyte. The objective of this research was to examine the effectivity of lactose in maintaining viability of Bali bull epididymal spermatozoa preserved at 3â5oC. Five testis with epididymides of Bali bulls were obtained from slaughterhouse. Epididymal spermatozoa was collected by the combination of slicing, flushing and tissues pressure of cauda epididymides with physiological saline (0.9% NaCl). Collected-spermatozoa was divided in equal volume into three tubes and diluted with Tris extender containing 20% egg yolk (control), Tris extender + 0.3 g lactose/100 ml (L0.3), and Tris extender + 0.6 g lactose/100 ml (L0.6), respectively. Diluted-spermatozoa was stored in refrigerator at 3â5oC. Quality of diluted-spermatozoa including percentages of motile spermatozoa (MS), live spermatozoa (LS), and intact plasma membrane (IPM) were evaluated every day during storage at 3â5oC for six days. Data were analyzed using completely randomized design with three treatments and five replications. Results of this study showed that mean spermatozoa concentration, percentage of MS, percentage of LS, percentage of abnormal spermatozoa, percentage of cytoplasmic droplet, and percentage of IPM of Bali bull fresh epididymal spermatozoa were 11,222.5 million cell/ml, 75, 86.75, 10.5, 14, and 86.75%, respectively. At day-7 storage, percentages of MS, LS, and IPM for L0.3 (39, 50.6, and 51.6%) and L0.6 (39, 51.4, and 51.8%) were significantly (P<0.05) higher than control (29, 41.8, and 42.4%). In conclusion, addition of lactose in Tris extender extended viability of Bali bull epididymal spermatozoa preserved at 3â5oC. Key Words: Lactose, Preservation, Epididymal Spermatozoa, Bali Bull

Characteristics of reproductive performance of Garut rams Rizal, Muhammad; Toelihere, M.R; Yusuf, T.L; Purwantara, B; Situmorang, P
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 8, No 2 (2003)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Basic information on reproductive potency of Garut rams is necessary in order to identify the capacity of rams in producing chilled or frozen semen. Eight Garut rams (three to five years old) were used in this study. The male sexual behaviors were observed and semen was collected once a week using artificial vagina. Semen quality was evaluated and its potency to produce frozen semen was calculated. Results of this study indicated that first, second, and third ejaculations were at the 29, 87 and 176th seconds, respectively. Fresh semen volume, sperm concentration, motility, intact acrosomal cap, and intact plasma membrane were 0.99 ml, 3224 million/ml; 76.67; 86.13 and 87.73%, respectively. Protein value, fructose, vitamin C, vitamin E, sodiu, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphor, chloride, and mangan in seminal plasma of fresh semen were 4140, 180, 3.2, 24, 180, 117, 9, 6.12, 60, 104, and 5 mg/ml, respectively. Measurement of head length, width, and length of sperm tail were 6.59, 3.99, and 42.65 Î¼m, respectively. Length and width measurement of right and left testes, and scrotal circumference were 12.71, 6.5, and 32.36 cm, respectively. Capacity of each Garut rams to produce frozen semen from three consecutive ejaculations are 35.88 mini straw with the cencentration of 200 million motile sperm per 0.25 ml. Â Key words: Reproductive characteristics, Garut rams Â

Role of various sugars in improving frozen semen quality of Garut ram Rizal, Muhammad; ., Herdis; Boediono, Arief; Aku, Achmad Selamet; ., Yulnawati
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 11, No 2 (2006)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Ram spermatozoa are sensitive to extreme changes in temperature during the freeze-thawed process. The present study was conducted to examine the effects of addition of various sugars in Tris extender on sperm cryosurvival of Garut ram. Semen was collected using an artificial vagina from three mature rams once a week. Immediately after initial evaluation, semen was divided into five parts and diluted with Tris extender (control), Tris extender + 0.4% dextrose, Tris extender + 0.4% raffinose, Tris extender + 0.4% trehalose, and Tris extender + 0.4% sucrose, respectively. Semen was loaded in to 0.25 ml mini straw with the concentration of 200 million or 800 million motile spermatozoa per ml. Semen was equilibrated at 5oC for three hours, then frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen for seven days. Quality of processed-semen including percentages of motile spermatozoa (MS), live spermatozoa (LS), intact acrosome cap (IAC), and intact plasma membrane (IPM) were evaluated after dilution, equilibration, and thawing, respectively. Data were analyzed using completely randomized design with five treatments and six replicates. Means were compared significant difference test at 0.05 significant level. Results of this research showed that there was no significantly difference (P>0.05) between treatments for all sperm quality parameters after dilution and equilibration. Mean percentages of post thawing MS, LS, IAC, and IPM for dextrose (54.00; 68.00; 66.60, and 57.83%), raffinose (50.00; 64.33; 61.80, and 61.75%), trehalose (50.83; 65.67; 61.40 and 57.75%), and sucrose (49.00; 66.80; 58.50 and 58.50%) were significantly (P<0.05) higher than control (40.83; 52.67; 54.60, and 49.40%) respectively. In conclusion, addition of 0.4% dextrose, raffinose, trehalose or sucrose in Tris extender are effective in improving frozen semen quality of Garut ram. Key Words: Sugars, Tris extender, Frozen Semen Quality, Garut Ram

Role of seminal plasma in maintaining quality of ram epididymal spermatozoa preserved at low temperature (3â5oC) ., Herdis; Aku, Achmad Selamet; Rizal, Muhammad; Surachman, Maman
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 11, No 4 (2006)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Cauda epididymal spermatozoa could be used as an alternative source of gamete in the application of various reproductive technologies, because the spermatozoa is motile and has ability of fertilizing the oocyte. The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of addition of seminal plasma on the quality of ram cauda epididymal spermatozoa preserved at 3â5oC. Collected-spermatozoa was divided into five parts then centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 30 min and the supernatant was removed. One-fifth was diluted with Tris extender (Tris) and the remaining was added 0.5 ml ram seminal plasma then diluted with Tris extender (PS-Tris), 15% AndroMed + 85% distilled water (PS-AM15), 20% AndroMed + 80% distilled water (PS-AM20), and 25% AndroMed + 75% distilled water (PS-AM25), respectively. Quality of collected-spermatozoa including spermatozoa concentration (SC), percentages of motile spermatozoa (MS), live spermatozoa (LS), abnormal spermatozoa (AS), cytoplasmic droplet (CD), and intact plasma membrane (IPM) were evaluated. Percentages of MS, LS, and IPM of diluted-spermatozoa was evaluated every day during preserved at 3â5oC for three days. Results of this study showed that mean SC, MS, LS, AS, CD, and IPM of fresh spermatozoa were 11,660 million/ml, 65, 81, 7.6, 10.2, and 82.2%, respectively. Addition of seminal plasma in cauda epididymal spermatozoa prior to dilution could maintain the quality of spermatozoa during preserved at 3â5oC for three days. At day-4 of storage, percentages of MS, LS, and IPM for PS-Tris (43, 58, and 59.2%), PS-AM20 (40.5, 53.75, and 53.75%), and PS-AM25 (40, 54.8, and 55.2%) were significantly (P<0.05) higher than Tris (21, 34.8, and 33.6%) and PS-AM15 (20, 40, and 42.2%). In conclusion, addition of seminal plasma in ram cauda epididymal spermatozoa prior to dilution with Tris or 20 and 25% AndroMed extenders could maintain the quality of spermatozoa during preserved at 3â5oC for three days, and could be used for artificial insemination or in vitro embryo production programs. Key Words: Cauda Epididymal Spermatozoa, Seminal Plasma, Tris, AndroMed, Ram

Effect of Priangan ram seminal plasma on viability of Peranakan Etawah buck spermatozoa preserved at 3â5oC Rizal, Muhammad; ., Herdis; Surachman, Maman; Mesang-Nalley, W. Marlene
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 13, No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

In processing of buck semen, seminal plasma is a problem because it contains a phospholipase A enzime produced by the Cowper gland. If this enzime interacts with egg yolk, it causes semen coagulation, and consequently death of spermatozoa. The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of Priangan ram seminal plasma on viability of Peranakan Etawah (PE) buck spermatozoa preserved at 3â5oC. Semen was collected using artificial vagina once a week. Fresh semen was divided into three tubes then centrifuged at 3,000 RPM for 30 min. Supernatant of the first tube was mixed again with Pasteur pipette (treatment A or control). Supernatant of the second tube was removed (treatment B or without seminal plasma). Supernatant of the third tube was removed and changed with Priangan ram seminal plasma in the same volume (treatment C). Semen was diluted with Tris extender containing 20% egg yolk and stored in refrigerator at 3â5oC. Quality of diluted-semen including percentages of motile spermatozoa (MS), live spermatozoa (LS), and intact plasma membrane (IPM) was evaluated every day during storage at 3â5oC for three days. Results of this study showed that mean volume, colour, consistency, pH, mass activity, spermatozoa concentration, MS, LS, spermatozoa abnormal, and IPM of PE buck fresh semen, respectively was 0.68 ml, cream, thick, 7, ++/+++, 4,148.57 million cell/ml, 70%, 83.89%, 7.12% and 84%. At day-4 of storage, percentages of MS, LS, and IPM for treatment C (40, 52.2 and 51.6%) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of: treatment B (31, 44.8 and 45.2%) and treatment A (11, 15.6 and 14.8%). In conclusion, seminal plasma of Priangan ram could maintain the quality of PE buck semen preserved at 3â5oC for three days, and it prevent semen from coagulation. Key Words: Seminal Plasma, Priangan Ram, Spermatozoa Viability, PE Buck

Parameters Affecting the Extraction Process of Jatropha curcas Oil Using a Single Screw Extruder Siregar, Ali Nurrakhmad; Ghani, Jaharah A.; Che Haron, Che Hassan; Rizal, Muhammad
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 47, No 3 (2015)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

The most commonly used technique to separate oil and cake from J. curcas seeds is mechanical extraction. It uses simple tools such as a piston and a screw extruder to produce high pressure, driven by hand or by engine. A single screw extruder has one screw rotating inside the barrel and materials simultaneously flow from the feed to the die zone. The highest oil yield can be obtained by a well-designed oil press as well as finding the optimum conditions for all parameters involved during the extraction process. The influence of the parameters in a single screw extruder was studied using finite element analysis and computational fluid dynamics simulation with ANSYS POLYFLOW. The researchÂ focused on predictingÂ the velocity, pressure and shear rate in the metering section that influenced the screw rotational speed and mass flow rate. The obtained results revealed that increasing the screw rotational speed will increase the pressure, velocity and shear rate. Meanwhile, increasing the mass flow rate results in decreasing the pressure while the velocity and shear rate remain constant.

EKSISTENSI PRINSIP-PRINSIP HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP PENGATURAN PERANG DALAM HUKUM HUMANITER INTERNASIONAL RIZAL, MUHAMMAD
Legal Opinion Vol 4, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Legal Opinion

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Penelitian ini bertujuan: untuk mengetahui Untuk mengetahui Konsp prinsip-prinsip hukum Islam yang berlaku dan Hukum Humaniter Internasional berkenaan Perang; Untuk mengetahui implementasi prinsip-prinsip hukum Islam yang berlaku dan Hukum Humaniter Internasional berkenaan Perang;. Ruang lingkup dalam penelitian ini adalah prinsip-prinsip Hukum Islam tentang pengaturan perang dalam Hukum Humaniter Internasional berkenaan metode perang, Obyek-obyek yang dilindungi, alat perang, perlindungan tawanan perang, perlindungan penduduk sipil dan perlindungan korban tewas; Metode penelitian, menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif yakni metode penelitian yang berorientasi kepada hukum yang yang mengatur peprinsip-prinsip Hukum Islam mengenai perang dalam Hukum Humaniter Internasional, Obyek-obyek yang dilindungi, alat perang, perlindungan tawanan perang, perlindungan penduduk sipil dan perlindungan korban tewas. Hal dimaksud, mengumpulkan data primer dan data sekunder, dan tertir berdasarkan obyek penelirtian. Data dimaksud, diolah secara deskriptip. Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa: (a) Kalau ditinjau dari segi yuridisnya, Sistim Hukum Islam dan hukum humaniter mempersoalkan terhadap perlindungan hak dan kewajiban terhadap penduduk sipil terhadap aturan-aturan mengenai cara menyelesaikan konflik dan akibat dari pada konflik itu sendiri, perlindungan tawanan perang dengan maksud bahwa seorang tawanan tidak boleh diperlakukan secara semena-mena, sedangkan kepada penduduk sipil ditetapkan larangan menjadikan mereka sebagai sasaran serangan; (b) Implementasi sistim Hukum Islam dan hukum humaniter dalam mengatur perlindungan hukum terhadap manusia akibat konflik bersenjata, yaitu adanya perlakuan yang wajar terhadap sesama manusia serta memberi hormat dan perlindungan (respect and protection) dalam artian bahwa unsur kemanusiaan harus diutamakan, sehingga mencegah kepada tindakan-tindakan yang berlebihan sebagai mana yang tertuang pada Konvensi Jenewa 1949 serta Protokol Tambahannya dengan Hukum Islam yang berasal dari Al-Qurâan dan Al-Hadits. Hal dimaksud, secara garis besar menetapkan larangan membunuh warga sipil yang tidak ikut peperangan, membunuh anak-anak, wanita serta larangan menghancurkan benda-benda budaya, tempat ibadah dan tempat kemakslahatan lainnya. Â Kata Kunci : Hukum Islam, Humaniter Internsional, Konflik, Kemanusiaan

Co-Authors ,, Sriwinar Achmad Selamet Aku AL-AZHAR AL-AZHAR Ali Nurrakhmad Siregar, Ali Nurrakhmad Ali, Mad Arief Boediono B Purwantara Bertika Kusuma Prastiwi Bintal Amin Che Hassan Che Haron Dasrul Dasrul Dessy Yoswaty DWI KURNIAWAN, WAHYU Dwitya, Yonadiah Febri Yulini, Febri Hendra Saputra Herdis . Jaharah A. Ghani KARTINI ERIANI Lazuardi, Muhammad Lutfi M.R Toelihere Maman Surachman Muhammad Iqbal Najmawati Najmuddin MA, Najmuddin Nasrullah . Novi Sukma Drastiawati P Situmorang Pandu Kresnapati Pusaka, Semerdanta Ria Arifianti Rosnizar, Rosnizar Sari, Nisa Sudarman Syakri, Sila Abdullah Syihabuddin Syihabuddin T.L Yusuf Tutur Jatmiko Wilmientje Marlene Mesang Nalley Winar, Sri Yulnawati . Zamani, R. Fairuz

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