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All Journal Sosiohumaniora Insignia: Journal of International Relations JUPIIS: Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu-ilmu Sosial Jurnal Ilmiah HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL Jurnal Ketahanan Nasional Global Strategis Jurnal Hubungan Internasional Jurnal Hubungan Internasional Al-Ijtima`i: International Journal of Government and Social Science Indonesian Perspective Cosmogov: Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan Sosioglobal : Jurnal Pemikiran dan Penelitian Sosiologi Verity: Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional (International Relations Journal) JWP (Jurnal Wacana Politik) Jurnal Asia Pacific Studies Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Andalas Journal of International Studies (AJIS) Gema Keadilan Sospol : Jurnal Sosial Politik Indonesian Journal of International Relations Media Iuris PERSPEKTIF Global Political Studies Journal Journal of Political Issues Journal of Indonesian Social Sciences and Humanities Responsive: Jurnal Pemikiran dan Penelitian Administrasi, Sosial, Humaniora dan Kebijakan Publik Padjadjaran Journal of International Relations Jurnal Kolaborasi Resolusi Konflik Jurnal Ekologi, Masyarakat dan Sains Ilomata International Journal of Social Science Intermestic: Journal of International Studies Indonesian Perspective Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional Bhuvana: Journal of Global Studies Aliansi : Jurnal Politik, Keamanan Dan Hubungan Internasional
Arfin Sudirman
Departemen Hubungan Internasional FISIP Universitas Padjadjaran
Religion Arts Humanities Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Social Sciences Other

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KERJASAMA KEAMANAN MARITIM INDONESIA-AUSTRALIA DALAM MENANGGULANGI ANCAMAN PENYELUNDUPAN MANUSIA Arfin Sudirman; Yusa Djuyandi; Clara Uli Rebecca
JWP (Jurnal Wacana Politik) Vol 7, No 2 (2022): JWP (Jurnal Wacana Politik) October
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/jwp.v7i2.39048

Abstract

Penyelundupan manusia merupakan salah satu masalah bersama yang dihadapi Indonesia dan Australia. Hal ini diakibatkan oleh letak geografis kedua negara yang bertetangga. Australia dikenal sebagai surga bagi para pencari suaka sehingga menjadi negara tujuan utama praktek penyelundupan manusia. Sedangkan Indonesia merupakan negara transit praktek penyelundupan manusia yang menuju ke Australia. Praktek penyelundupan manusia mayoritasnya dilakukan melalui jalur perairan karena lebih sedikit pengamanan dibandingkan di wilayah daratan dan udara. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memahami kerja sama Indonesia dan Australia khususnya di bidang keamanan maritim dalam menangani kasus penyelundupan manusia yang melibatkan kedua negara dengan menggunakan teori keamanan maritim, people smuggling dan kerja sama keamanan. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif, artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia dan Australia memiliki perjanjian kerja sama keamanan kolektif bernama Lombok Treaty yang berjalan sejak tahun 2006. Termasuk di dalamnya adalah penanganan bersama masalah penyelundupan manusia oleh kedua negara melalui berbagai jenis bidang kerja sama keamanan. Kerja sama keamanan maritim kedua negara terlihat dari patroli keamanan laut yang telah berlangsung sejak tahun 2012. Namun demikian, pada kenyataannya kerja sama yang dilakukan kedua negara sangat bergantung pada kebijakan yang dikeluarkan Australia. Selain itu, ketiadaan Undang-Undang atau Peraturan di Indonesia yang mengatur tentang penyelundupan manusia juga merugikan posisi Indonesia yang menjadi negara transit atau tempat tinggal sementara para imigran dan pencari suaka yang sedang menunggu keputusan UNHCR.
DETERMINASI PASAR BEBAS DALAM MENCIPTAKAN KETIDAKAMANAN EKONOMI NEGARA BERKEMBANG Yusuf Fadillah Tirta K; Arfin Sudirman; Deasy Silvya Sari
Jurnal Kolaborasi Resolusi Konflik Vol 4, No 2 (2022): Jurnal Kolaborasi Resolusi Konflik
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/jkrk.v4i2.42760

Abstract

Globalisasi merupakan salah satu peristiwa yang baru dan inheren bersama dengan konsep liberalisasi pasar dan keterbukaan setiap negara. Demikian pula keterkaitan ini tidak lepas dari cara pandang dan logika dari kapitalisme yang haus akan ekspansi akan tanah bernilai rendah. Hal ini terjadi terhadap negara berkembang sebagai entitas global yang berkecimpung dalam integrasi pasar global dengan mengharapkan kompetisi yang setara terhadap negara lain demi terciptanya keamanan ekonomi serta terjaminnya perdamaian. Tujuan dari pembuatan paper ini yaitu memberikan pemahaman sekaligus menjelaskan mekanisme modernisasi serta dampaknya terhadap negara negara berkembang. Metode penelitian yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pengambilan sumber data berupa studi pustaka seperti menggunakan buku, jurnal, dan laporan sebagai dasar argumentasi sehingga data yang dikeluarkan kredibel dan dapat dipertanggungjawabkan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa negara berkembang yang masuk dalam integrasi ekonomi global malah menciptakan ketidakamanan ekonomi karena faktor eksternal, berupa tekanan dari rejim internasional dan negara maju untuk terus mengekspor hasil ekstraksi bahan primer dan menciptakan barang sekunder di negara berkembang. Kesimpulan yang didapat ialah adanya integrasi ekonomi global, negara berkembang tidak bisa meningkatkan dan menciptakan poros dan pondasi ekonomi dalam negeri karena sudah ketergantungan dengan hasil ekstraksi dan ekspor komoditi untuk dibawa ke negara maju.
Memahami Dinamika Kerjasama Industri Pertahanan dalam Kerangka Indonesia Australia Defence Security Dialogue Arfin Sudirman; Yusa Djuyandi; Fajri Syahal Guna Pratama
Journal of Political Issues Vol 4 No 2 (2023): Journal of Political Issues (January)
Publisher : Jurusan Ilmu Politik Universitas Bangka Belitung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33019/jpi.v4i2.82

Abstract

Industri pertahanan menjadi salah satu agenda penting dan menjadi perhatian, dimulai pada saat kabinet Indonesia Bersatu I dibawah Presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono dan menjadikannya sebagai prioritas pembangunan dan memberi peluang besar bagi keterlibatan pihak swasta dalam kegiatan industri pertahanan salah satunya melalui agenda kerja sama yang dijalin oleh Indonesia dengan Australia dalam satu agenda dialog Indonesia – Australia Defense Security Dialogue (IADSD) yang telah dijalin dan disahkan oleh Lombok Treaty pada tahun 2006, yang mana Indonesia dalam hal ini memiliki kepentingan untuk meningkatkan kapabilitas serta kemandirian Industri pertahanan nasional. Maka dari itu penelitiaan ini memiliki tujuan untuk mencari permasalahan agar mencapai tujuan penelitiaan, dengan menggunakan konsep Military Industrial Complex (MIC) dan juga teori Iron Triangle. Hubungan tersebut terkait pada kontribusi politik, persetujuan politik akan belanja militer, lobi-lobi untuk mendukung birokrasi, dan industri. Ketiga badan tersebut, yang pada saat ini lebih sering disebut kongres/parlemen, departemen pertahanan, dan industri pertahanan, kemudian disebut sebagai segitiga besi pertahanan. Yang mana keterlibatan tersebut dikerucutkan Kembali kepada focus matra darat dalam pelaksanaannya ini, PT. Pindad dan juga end-user Tentara Nasional Indoensia Angkatan Darat (TNI AD) demi mengurangi ketergantuangan pada produk luar dan lebih meningkatkan kemandirian industry pertahanan nasional.
Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship (MASS): Tantangan dan Peluang Kemaritiman Masa Depan Taufik Rachmat Nugraha; Arfin Sudirman; Yaries Mahardika Putro; Ridha Aditya Nugraha
Media Iuris Vol. 5 No. 1SpecialIssue (2022): MEDIA IURIS
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mi.v5i1SpecialIssue.38307

Abstract

AbstractMaritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) are considered the promising future of maritime transport. MASS technology is safer and more effective in tackling current maritime issues, such as vessel collisions and accidents. MASS has a wide array of spectrum such as environmental spectrum, MASS could decrease marine accidents that result mostly from human error factors and commonly, those accidents have endangered the maritime environment and biotas. Ship accidents commonly occur in this region and result in immense oil pollution, and more than 60% is linked to human error factors. Furthermore, replacing the human decision approach with a technology such as appears in MASS on the fourth category is believed will reduce this kind of accident since the third category will be controlled by remote and the fourth will controlled by Artificial Intelligence (AI). This kind of technology commonly depends on Satellite communication in Low-Earth Orbit (LEO), which must be secure for global MASS navigation to prevent mishaps leading to another environmental catastrophe. On the other hand, the ceasing of seaman onboard intervention will likely cause a new issue regarding the jurisdiction enforcement from the coastal states. Finally, this article will scrutinise the MASS operation’s prospects and challenges in the Future. AbstrakMaritime Autonomous Surface Ship (MASS) memiliki masa depan yang cukup menjanjikan. Teknologi MASS diklaim memiliki tingkat keamanan dan keselamatan yang lebih memadai, khususnya jika dikaitkan dengan masalah-masalah maritim seperti tabrakan kapal, kecelakaan kapal dan juga isu lingkungan laut. Dalam perspektif lingkungan, MASS diyakini dapat menurunkan angka kecelakaan kapal yang berimplikasi pada penurunan jumlah pencemaran bahan-bahan berbahaya ke laut sebagai hasil dari sebuah aksiden kapal laut, yang pada umumnya disebabkan oleh kelalaian fatal dari kru kapal sebesar 60%, yang dapat mencemari lingkungan dan biota laut di kawasan sekitar tempat terjadinya kecelakaan. Peniadaan keputusan oleh manusia diatas kapal pada MASS kategori empat dipercaya dapat menurunkan risiko kecelakaan kapal karena pada kategori ini kapal sepenuhnya akan dikontrol melalui penggunaan kecerdasan buatan. Namun, secara umum penerapan teknologi tersebut memiliki tantangan tersendiri yakni terjaminnya konektivitas internet secara simultan dengan menggunakan teknologi satelit Orbit Bumi Rendah atau LEO, yang harus sesegera mungkin diatur untuk memastikan keamanan pengoperasionalan MASS agar tidak terjadi kecelakaan MASS yang akan berakibat fatal pada lingkungan laut. Masalah selanjutnya terkait MASS, peniadaan kru kapal pada MASS kategori tiga dan empat akan menimbulkan tantangan tersendiri bagi negara pantai. Artikel ini akan membahas tantangan dan peluang pengoperasionalan MASS di masa depan.
Indonesia-US Trade Barrier: A Study on the Halal Certification of Imported Chicken Leg Quarters Akim Akim; Arfin Sudirman; Januar Aditya Pratama
Jurnal Hubungan Internasional Vol 12, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jhi.v12i1.17034

Abstract

This study discussed the background of Indonesia's non-tariff trade barrier implementation against imports of chicken legs from the United States (US) through halal certification. As WTO members, the two countries are bound by the rules and agreements of the WTO, one of which is trade liberalization related to the elimination of various kinds of trade barrier including non-tariff trade barrier such as halal certification. The application of halal certification by Indonesia to imports of chicken legs has prevented imported chicken legs from the US from entering the Indonesian market, even though they have a lower price. This study uses a mercantilism approach in the global political economy, namely the theory of non-tariff trade barrier from Thomas Oatley. The method used by the researcher was a qualitative research method with the type of case study and data collection techniques are carried out through literature study and interviews with related informants. This study concludes that there were two considerations behind the implementation of non-tariff trade barrier by Indonesia to the import of chicken legs from the US through halal certification, namely the consideration of a society-centered approach to protect public confidence, protect producers, and domestic livestock workers and considerations that are state-centered in the context of handling the economic crisis in the livestock sector and saving the state's foreign exchange expenditure.
The Need for ASEAN Environmental Maritime Security Cooperations Arfin Sudirman; Idris; Yasmin Prisella Rabbani; Mursal Maulana; Yusa Djuyandi
PERSPEKTIF Vol. 12 No. 3 (2023): PERSPEKTIF, July
Publisher : Universitas Medan Area

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31289/perspektif.v12i3.9226

Abstract

Environmental problems are increasingly worrying in the South East Asia region. These environmental problems are found in the mainland and the marine environment, from climate change, oil spills to debris and marine pollution. ASEAN has a significant role in facilitating collaborations and dialogues between member countries to protect the marine environment. This article examines ASEAN's effort as a regional organization to protect the marine environment from environmental security's perspective in the maritime sector. This article analyzes with C. Lamont’s qualitative method along with in-depth interview with source from CSIS, ASEAN Environmental Division, and researcher. This article argues that ASEAN acknowledges the nature of ecological security poses and, therefore, intra- and inter-regional cooperation is essential.  However, ASEAN has not implemented practical cooperation because the ASEAN chairmanship system still focuses on traditional issues such as politics, security, and economy rather than the marine environment. Furthermore, due to the non-intervention principle, ASEAN has not provided binding legal instruments for ASEAN member countries since no particular body can apply legal force to all ASEAN member countries.
Analyzing the Motives of US Foreign Policy in Iraq Dina Yulianti; Arfin Sudirman; Francesca Klarensia Angela
Ilomata International Journal of Social Science Vol 4 No 3 (2023): July 2023
Publisher : Yayasan Ilomata

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52728/ijss.v4i3.866

Abstract

Twenty years have passed since the US occupation of Iraq, yet the deployment of the US military in the Middle Eastern country remains today. Initially, the US argued that the primary aim for invasion was the disarmament of the mass weapons (WMD). Further on, they claimed that the intervention was to help establish the Iraq democracy. The final justification for the troops to stay was to combat ISIS (Islamic State of Iraq and Syria). This raises the question, what are the true motives of the US foreign policy in Iraq? This research was conducted using a qualitative method by analyzing textual data from the previous studies, official documents, and media reports. The data are analyzed using foreign policy theory related to national interests. The findings of this study indicate that the main motive why the US military continue to exist in Iraq is to maintain its power and hegemony in the region. In line with that, the US also has economic motives, such as oil and arms business.
SEKURITISASI INDONESIA TERHADAP KELOMPOK KEKERASAN BERSENJATA DALAM KONFLIK PAPUA DI MASA KEPRESIDENAN JOKO WIDODO Eiji Muzaffar; Arfin Sudirman; Yusa Djuyandi
Aliansi Vol 2, No 3 (2023): Aliansi : Jurnal Politik, Keamanan Dan Hubungan Internasional
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/aliansi.v2i3.51753

Abstract

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan adanya proses sekuritisasi dalam konflik Papua di era Kepresidenan Joko Widodo (terutama 2014-2018). Fokus utama penelitian ini adalah pendekatan keamanan yang didominasi oleh Indonesia terhadap permasalahan Papua, khususnya perubahan kebijakan dalam menangani KKB di Papua pasca-Reformasi melalui kerangka pikir sekuritisasi. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif, artikel ini menunjukkan perubahan yang signifikan secara yuridis, terutama dalam penggunaan aparatus keamanan negara dalam menangani KKB di Papua saat ini. Namun demikian, penerapan kebijakan baru juga menunjukkan tumpang tindih dan kontradiktif, menjadikan situasi konflik di Papua hingga kini masih tidak pasti. This article aims to demonstrate the securitization processes within the Papua conflict during the presidency of Joko Widodo, particularly focusing on the years 2014-2018. The primary focus of this research is Indonesia's security-oriented approach to the Papua issue, specifically examining policy changes in addressing the Free Papua Movement (KKB) post-Reformasi through the securitization framework. Utilizing a qualitative method, the article illustrates significant juridical changes, especially in the use of state security apparatus in handling the current KKB situation in Papua. However, the implementation of new policies also shows overlap and contradiction, leaving the conflict situation in Papua uncertain to this day.
Between the Regional and the National Level: East Asian Security Dynamics and Abe's Legacy on Japan's Civil-Military Relations Pratama, Januar Aditya; Sudirman, Arfin
Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional Vol. 24, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Since Prime Minister Shinzo Abe began his second term in office in 2012, there have been significant changes in the position of the Japanese military in the country's hierarchy. The change that was occurred almost simultaneously with the increasing threat in the East Asian region since the end of the Cold War, made as a pretext by PM Abe to reform Japan's defence structure. Based on the two factors, this study seeks to find out how the influence of the pattern of relations between countries in the East Asian security complex can affect the pattern of Japanese civil-military relations. This effort was carried out through the framework of the Huntingtonian civil-military relationship, which was concerned with civil ideology, formal and informal influences, and forms of civil control within the state, supported by the complex concept of security from the Copenhagen School which was concerned with patterns of relations and balance of power. It was found that the increasing instability of the East Asian security complex had prompted PM Abe's Japanese decision-makers to change their civil-military relations, either directly from the perception of the political elites themselves, or indirectly through encouragement from the United States. An increase in regional instability itself will encourage the state to participate in increasing military power, including by making changes to its civil-military relations so that defence policies are more targeted in order to ensure their sovereignty and territorial integrity.
AN UNDESIRED IMPLICATION FROM GLOBALIZATION: ISIS, AN ADAPTIVE THREAT IN A DORMANT PHASE Manullang, Abel Josafat; Wicaksono, Raden AP; Sudirman, Arfin
Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional Vol. 25, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Globalization has brought about numerous changes to the world. However, those changes and advances have also been enjoyed by terrorist groups, one of them is ISIS which uses those things in its terror acts. This article seeks to explain how ISIS has adapted and enhanced its capacity as a result of globalization. Apart from employing the qualitative research method, this article also uses concepts and theories like terrorism, globalization, and James D. Kiras's theory on how globalization enhances terrorism. This article would then proceed to the three matters of ISIS as a threat to national and international security, how ISIS has developed as a result of globalization, and how despite its current state, it is still a threat to reckon with. First, ISIS has shown its uniqueness as a terrorist group in its capacity to adapt to globalization and concern with territories. The latter pushed it to utilize the former to strengthen its grasp on the territories it has taken over. Moving on, ISIS has grown in its mobility, lethality, proselytizing, coordination, and security. Finally, despite its decline, the international community is left with ISIS's remnants as well as the prospect of its reemergence.
Co-Authors Achmad Bachrudin Affabile Rifawan, Affabile Akim Akim Alifia Putri Rahmadewi Animbyo Cahya Putra Audrea Denneisha Bimbi Rianda Clara Uli Rebecca Deasy Silvya Sari Dina Yulianti Eiji Muzaffar EKO ARI WIBOWO Fadilah, Edta Muhammad Fadly Achmad Fajri Syahal Guna Pratama Falhan Hakiki Falhan Hakiki Feniawati Darnana Francesca Klarensia Angela Gilang Nur Alam Greaty Fitraharani Idris Jafar Alkadrie Januar Aditya Pratama Josafath Imanuel Junov Siregar Manullang, Abel Josafat Mas Halimah Mauly Dini Budiyanti Muhammad Fauzan Malufti Muhammad Harry Riana Nugraha Muhammad Ridho Muradi - Mursal Maulana Nathania Dwi Marietta Naura Nabila Haryanto Nugraha, Muhammad Harry Riana Nugraha, Muhammad Harry Riana Pradipta Nindyan Saputra Pratama, Januar Aditya Prisilla Octaviani Winarto Putra, Animbyo Cahya R. Widya Setiabudi Sumadinata Rafidha Dinda Putri Ridha Aditya Nugraha RMT Nurhasan Affandi Taufik Hidayat Taufik Rachmat Nugraha Tiara Firdaus Jafar Tumpal Silitonga Wawan Darmawan Wibowo, Eko Ari Wicaksono, Raden AP Yanyan Mochamad Yani Yanyan Muhammad Yani Yaries Mahardika Putro Yasmin Prisella Rabbani Yusa Djuyandi Yusa Djuyandi Yusa Djuyandi, Yusa Yusuf Fadillah Tirta K Zulvyanie Pilgrimmy Firohmatillah