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All Journal Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian Medical Journal of Indonesia Indonesian Journal of Cancer Chemoprevention Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinik (Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Pharmacy) PROSIDING SEMINAR KIMIA INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (PSR) Jurnal Penelitian Sains Jurnal Profesi Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Syntax Literate : Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia JFIOnline JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA Jurnal Pendidikan dan Konseling Syntax Idea Jurnal Riset Kefarmasian Indonesia Jurnal Farmagazine PENGARUH SISTEM KEUANGAN DAN KEBIJAKAN MONETER TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI PADA ERA ORDE BARU DALAM PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI ISLAM Healthy Tadulako Journal (Jurnal Kesehatan Tadulako) Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (PSR) Jurnal Sosial dan Sains

Shirly Kumala

Universitas Pancasila

Author-ID : 300779

Aerospace Engineering Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Astronomy Automotive Engineering Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Dentistry Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Physics Public Health Other

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PENGARUH EDUKASI FARMASIS TERHADAP MOTIVASI DAN KEPATUHAN PENGGUNA PROGRAM TERAPI RUMATAN METADON DI PUSKESMAS TAMBORA PADA BULAN FEBRUARI - APRIL 2015 Halim, Marta; Kumala, Shirly; Hersunaryati, Yetti
Jurnal Riset Kefarmasian Indonesia Vol 1 No 1 (2019): Jurnal Riset Kefarmasian Indonesia
Publisher : APDFI (Asosiasi Pendidikan Diploma Farmasi Indonesia)

This study was triggered by the large number of users of Methadone Maintenance Therapy Program (MMTP) who Dropped Out due to lack of motivation and compliance. The purpose of this study was to increase the motivation and compliance of the Tambora Community Health Center MMTP users. The study design used the quasi-experimental method with the pretest-the posttest the group was not comparable. Voluntary research samples amounted to 100 with a distribution of @ 50 for the control group (KK) and @ 50 for the treatment group (KE). Based on the results of data analysis, the following results were obtained: (1) There was an increase in the motivation and compliance variables for the group given education with lectures and leaflets. (3) Pharmacist education (variable knowledge, attitudes and actions) simultaneously can increased the motivation of users with a score of 15.4% (p value 0.00 <0.05) in MMTP at the Tambora Community Health Center. (3) Pharmacist education (variable knowledge, attitudes and actions) simultaneously increases the compliance of service users in MMTP Tambora Community Health Center with a score of 12.7% (p value 0.00 <0.05). The Conclusion pharmacist education can increase motivation and compliance to users of Tambora Community Health Center MMTP services.

Cytotoxic assay of endophytic fungus 1.2.11 secondary metabolites from Brucea javanica (L) Merr towards cancer cell in vitro Kardono, Leonardus B.S.; Kumala, Shirly; Utji, Robert; Sudarmono, Pratiwi
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol 15, No 3 (2006): July-September
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Cytotoxic assay of secondary metabolite endophytic fungus 1.2.11 from Brucea javanica (L) Merr has been carried out. Brucea javanica fruit collected from Cianjur was used in this experiment. Cytotoxic assay was done on Raji, NS-1, HeLa and Vero cells. The observation was done for 24 hours and also for 48 hours. IC50 was calculated using the Rich and Muench theory. To observe the working mechanism of cytotoxic process, DNA staining with etidium bromide and acridine orange was conducted. The cytotoxic assay of endophytic fungi 1.2.11 showed an IC50 of 58.35 Î¼g/ml, 88.39 Î¼g/ml on Raji cell,; 162.09 Î¼g/ml, 66.24 Î¼g/ml on NS cell; 361.21 Î¼g/ml, 219.97 Î¼g/ml on HeLa cell; and lastly 1075.18 Î¼g/ml, 656.82 Î¼g/ml on Vero cell after 24 and 48 hour incubation respectively. The results of this study showed that secondary metabolite of endophytic fungus 1.2.11 has selective cytotoxic effect towards cancer cell and also showed that it might cause apoptosis in NS-1cell. (Med J Indones 2006; 15:137-44) Keywords: Brucea javanica (L.) Merr, endophytic microbe, Cytotoxic assay, endophytic isolate 1.2.11, apoptosis

Phytochemical Screening and Toxicological Evaluation Using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) of Some Fractions of Prasman Leaves (Eupatorium triplinerve V) Extract Kumala, Shirly; Sapitri, Dwi Windi
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Chemoprevention Vol 2, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Indonesian Research Gateway

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (4.399 KB)

Prasman leaves (Eupatororium triplinerve V) was well documented to have anti cancer benefit in Indonesian traditional medicine history. However, there were noscientific studies including toxicological assessment on the planextract.The purpose of this study was to investigate thetoxicological effect of some fractions of Prasman leavesmethanol extract. Phytochemical screening by the Farnsworth method on powder and some fraction of the methanol extractwere conducted followed by toxicitytest using the Ã¢â¬ÅBrine Shrimp LethalityÃ¢â¬Â test (BSLT) method. In the current study results, the phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoid, saponin, coumarin, tannin, steroidandvolatileoil.LC50ofthen-hexanefraction238.660g/mL,ethylacetatefraction 24.420g/mL,andn3butanol64.100g/mL.

n-Butanolic fraction of endofitic fungi of Buah Makasar increases apoptotic effect of doxorubicin on MCF-7 cells Kumala, Shirly
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 20 No 1, 2009
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14499/indonesianjpharm0iss0pp42-47

Makassar fruit, Brucea javanica (L.) Merr., showed chemopreventive activity. Secondary metabolites come from B. javanica fruit, brucatol and bruceantine, induced cell differentiation and apoptosis on Leukemia cell, while quassinoid and its derivates acted as antitumor promoter. Butanolic fraction of supernatan of endofitic fungi 1.2.11 isolate fermentation which isolated from B. javanica fruit showed cytotoxycity toward several cancer cells. This fraction has been predicted contain secondary metabolites from B. javanica and has been identified as Bruceosin and Canthin-6-one derivates. Butanolic fraction (FB) of supernatan from endofitic fungi 1.3.11 isolate fermentation is predicted for having similiar cytotoxycity as active as 1.2.11 isolate. This research is aimed to explore cytotoxycity potention and apoptosis induction of BF from 1.3.11 isolate and combination effect of BFdoxorubicinon MCF-7 breast cancer cell.Synergism of BF-doxorubicin combination detect from cell viability inhibition and apoptosis induction on MCF-7, a breast cancer cell lines which shows resistancy toward doxorubicin. Cell viability on single treatment of FB and doxorubicin and its combination were carried out by MTT assay to determine IC50 and combination index (CI). Apoptosis induction of FB, doxorubicin and its combination were carried out by ethidium bromideacridine orange DNA staining.n- Butanolic fraction and doxorubicin showed cell viability inhibition on MCF-7 cell with IC50 48 μg/mL dan 148 nM, respectively. Both of FB and doxorubicin showed apoptosis induction on IC50. Combination of FBdoxorubicin showed synergism and increased apoptosis induction on MCF-7cell.Key words: Brucea javanica, endofitic fungi, MCF-7 cell, synergism, doxorubicin.

UJI KEPEKAAN BAKTERI YANG DIISOLASI DARI URIN PENDERITA INFEKSI SALURAN KEMIH (ISK) TERHADAP BEBERAPA ANTIBIOTIKA PADA PERIODE MARET–JUNI 2008 Shirly Kumala; Nancy Raisa; Lestari Rahayu; Ariyani Kiranasari
PSR (Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research) Vol 6, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Indonesia

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Urinary tract infections (UTI) was an inflammatory response of the urethra whenattacked by microorganisms. This disease can happen to people at all ages beginningwith asymptomatic to moderately symptomatic infections. Thus far, antibiotic treat-ment was the best for curing the UTI although the chances for being resistance tothe antibiotics were also high. Resistance to gram negative bacteri,a in particular,often occur with the antibiotics treatment. Our study at the Faculty of Medicine,University of Indonesia (UI), Bacterial isolation from patient urine sample wasperformed in the microbiology laboratory of UI. A total of 50 urine samples werecollected from X patients volunteered in our study for bacterial isolation, however,only 23 bacterial isolates were successfully obtained. Study was carried out to moni-tor the susceptibility of bacterial isolate towards several types of antibiotics (ofloksazim,amoxyicillin, fosfomisin and sefepim) using Cakram disffusion method. Study re-sults demonstrated that susceptibility of oflokazim to both gram positive and nega-tive bacteria was very low while amoxycillin showed desecding trend of efficacytowards all types of bacteria. Fosfomisin and sefepim, on the other hand, demon-strated strong susceptibility to both gram positive and negative bacteria found in theisolates. Furthermore, it is very interesting to observe ofloksazim was resistant to gram postivie and negative bacteria. Collectively, these research findings stronglyillustrated the susceptibility patten and resistance scale of baterial isolates towards various antibiotic tested in the study.Key words : Urinary tract infection, Gram positive bacteria , Gram negative bac-teria, susceptibility and resistancy pattern of bacteria.

Evaluasi Aktivitas Anti-Bakteri dan Anti-Oksidan Ekstrak n-Heksan, Etil Asetat dan Metanol Daun Pohpohan (Pilea melastomoides (Poir.) Weda.) Kumala, Shirly; Violeta, Violeta
Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 9, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Indonesian Research Gateway

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35617/jfi.v9i2.574

ABSTRACT: Infection desease still a problem in developing country. The researcher search for the plant that have antibacterial agent to cure infection deseases. One the plant that the layman use to cured the infection deseases is Pohpohan (Pilea melastomoides (Poir.) Wedd) that containe flavonoids compunds. This study used n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extract as non-polar, semi-polar, and polar. This study aims to test the antibacterial activity and also antioxidants by multilevel extraction methods. The method used is extraction, with maceration of each stratum, each extract is done by phytochemical screening test with result of flavonoid compound, tannin, and essential oil. Thereafter, an antimicrobial test with a Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli microorganisms using a solid dilution method (Diameter of Inhibition Diameter) was performed with an extract concentration of 12.519: 2519: 5046, chloramphenicol used as positive controls. The result of antimicrobial assay had activity on n-hexane extract to form inhibit zone of 24.6 - 25.4 mm, ethyl acetate extract formed inhibit zone of 16.8 - 25.1 mm, While methanol extract formed inhibit zone of 15.1 - 23.3 mm, then Pohpohan leaf extract from each solvent was tested antioxidant by DPPH method, Result of antioxidant test (1IC50) of n-hexane extract (113.60 bpj), ethyl acetate (9444 bpj), and methanol (73.14 bpj). In conclusion, it shows that Pohpohan leaf extract has activity as antibacterial, andantioxidant. ABSTRACT: Infection desease still a problem in developing country. The researcher search for the plant that have antibacterial agent to cure infection deseases. One the plant that the layman use to cured the infection deseases is Pohpohan (Pilea melastomoides (Poir.) Wedd) that containe flavonoids compunds. This study used n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extract as non-polar, semi-polar, and polar. This study aims to test the antibacterial activity and also antioxidants by multilevel extraction methods. The method used is extraction, with maceration of each stratum, each extract is done by phytochemical screening test with result of flavonoid compound, tannin, and essential oil. Thereafter, an antimicrobial test with a Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli microorganisms using a solid dilution method (Diameter of Inhibition Diameter) was performed with an extract concentration of 12.519: 2519: 5046, chloramphenicol used as positive controls. The result of antimicrobial assay had activity on n-hexane extract to form inhibit zone of 24.6 - 25.4 mm, ethyl acetate extract formed inhibit zone of 16.8 - 25.1 mm, While methanol extract formed inhibit zone of 15.1 - 23.3 mm, then Pohpohan leaf extract from each solvent was tested antioxidant by DPPH method, Result of antioxidant test (1IC50) of n-hexane extract (113.60 bpj), ethyl acetate (9444 bpj), and methanol (73.14 bpj). In conclusion, it shows that Pohpohan leaf extract has activity as antibacterial, andantioxidant. ABSTRACT: Infection desease still a problem in developing country. The researcher search for the plant that have antibacterial agent to cure infection deseases. One the plant that the layman use to cured the infection deseases is Pohpohan (Pilea melastomoides (Poir.) Wedd) that containe flavonoids compunds. This study used n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extract as non-polar, semi-polar, and polar. This study aims to test the antibacterial activity and also antioxidants by multilevel extraction methods. The method used is extraction, with maceration of each stratum, each extract is done by phytochemical screening test with result of flavonoid compound, tannin, and essential oil. Thereafter, an antimicrobial test with a Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli microorganisms using a solid dilution method (Diameter of Inhibition Diameter) was performed with an extract concentration of 12.519: 2519: 5046, chloramphenicol used as positive controls. The result of antimicrobial assay had activity on n-hexane extract to form inhibit zone of 24.6 - 25.4 mm, ethyl acetate extract formed inhibit zone of 16.8 - 25.1 mm, While methanol extract formed inhibit zone of 15.1 - 23.3 mm, then Pohpohan leaf extract from each solvent was tested antioxidant by DPPH method, Result of antioxidant test (1IC50) of n-hexane extract (113.60 bpj), ethyl acetate (9444 bpj), and methanol (73.14 bpj). In conclusion, it shows that Pohpohan leaf extract has activity as antibacterial, andantioxidant.

Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut (ISPA) pada Balita Di Daerah Pesisir Kota Sibolga Tahun 2020 Rita Kristina Pasaribu; Heru Santosa; Shirly Kumala; Nurmaini Nurmaini; Delina Hasan
Syntax Idea Vol 3 No 6 (2021): Syntax Idea
Publisher : Ridwan Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36418/syntax-idea.v3i6.1232

ISPA (Acute Respiratory Tract Infection) is a transmitted respiratory tract disease caused by environmental and human factors. Balita (below five year-old children) is very vulnerable to it. It was caused by virus or bacteria. The symptoms are high fever, followed by pain in throat, difficult to swallow, flu, and coughing with or without phlegm transmitted through patients' droplet (Riskesdas,2018). Revealed that, nationally, the prevalence of ISPA in balita was 12.8%, 8. 7% in North Sumatera, and 57% in Sibolga. The objective of the research was to analyze some factors which were correlated with the incidence of ISPA in balita at the coastal area of Sibolga . The data were gathered by using questionnaires. The research used cross sectional design. The samples were 265 (Isaac and Michael tables). The data were analyzed by using univariate analysis, bivariate analysis, and multivariate analysis with multiple logistic regression tests. From the samples, it was found that 144 of them (54.3%) were affected by ISPA and 121 of them (45. 7%) were not. The result of univariate analysis showed that 141 respondents (53.2%) had good requirement for their floors, 146 of them (55.1%) for walls, 70 of them (26.4%) for air ventilation, 257 of them (97%) for room temperature, 225 of them (84.9%) for lighting, 233 of them (87.9%) for moisture, 181 of them (68. 3%) for population density. From the factor of children, it was found that there were 131 boys (49.4%), 188 of the balita (70.9%) were 6- 35 months old, 217 of them (81.9%) were not BBLR, 206 of them (77.7%) had bad nutrition, 160 of them (60.4%) got vitamin A, 139 of them (52.5%) got immunization completion, 177 of them (66.8%) were breastfed with ASI (breast milk), 202 of them (76. 2%) smoked, 40 of them (15.1 %) used wood as fuel, and 27 of them (10.2%) used mosquito coils The result of bivariate analysis showed that 8 (eight) independent variables which were correlated were smoking (p-value=0. 003), using mosquito coils (p-value=0.026), floors (p-value=0.033), walls (p-value=0.002), population density (p-value=0.001), nutritional status (pvalue=0.001), air ventilation (p-value=0.012), Vitamin A(p-value=0.024), and complete immunization (p-value=0.035). The result of multivariate analysis showed that the variables of smoking, condition of house walls, nutritional status, and immunization completion caused the incidence of ISPA in balita at the coastal area of Sibolga (75.8%). It is recommended that prevent ISPA by increasing nutritional status, ASI, visiting posyandu, and no smoking inside their houses.

Analisis Ketersediaan Obat Antihipertensi Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Pengobatan Pasien Hipertensi Di Puskesmas Kota Bandar Lampung Huda, Badrul; Kumala, Shirly; Hasan, Delina
Syntax Literate Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia
Publisher : CV. Ridwan Publisher

Hipertensi adalah peningkatan tekanan darah sistolik lebih dari 140 mmHg dan tekanan darah diastolik lebih dari 90 mmHg pada dua kali pengukuran dengan selang waktu lima menit dalam keadaan cukup istirahat / tenang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kesesuaian jenis dan jumlah obat antihipertensi dengan standar pengobatan hipertensi, untuk mengetahui ketersediaan obat antihipertensi sesuai dengan jenis dan jumlahnya serta untuk mengetahui pengaruh ketersediaan obat antihipertensi terhadap pengobatan pasien hipertensi di puskesmas Kota Bandar Lampung. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi expost facto atau observasional yang bersifat deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data secara retrospektif dan prospektif selama tahun 2017 pada 23 puskesmas di Kota Bandar Lampung. Analisa data menggunakan analisis deskriptif, analisis chi square dan analisis multivariat. Hasil uji chi square pada tingkat pendidikan dokter dan tenaga kefarmasian nilai Asymptotic Significance (2-sided) < 0,05 yaitu 0,027 dan 0,047, ketersediaan obat antihipertensi nilai Asymptotic Significance (2-sided) 0,005 dan 0,001 < 0,05, artinya variabel tersebut ada dengan kebutuhan jenis dan jumlah obat antihipertensi untuk pasien hipertensi. Pada analisis multivariat secara stimultan, ketersediaan obat antihipertensi paling berpengaruh atau dominan terhadap kebutuhan jenis dan jumlah obat antihipertensi untuk pasien hipertensi dilihat dari nilai significance yang paling kecil yaitu 0,005 dan dilihat dari nilai OR yang terbesar yaitu 5,588 .Dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara stimultan dan bersama-sama ketersediaan obat antihipertensi berpengaruh terhadap pengobatan pasien hipertensi. Kata Kunci : Ketersediaan Obat Antihipertensi, Pasien hipertensi, Pengobatan

EFEK ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN CENGKEH (Eugenia aromatic L.) Kumala, Shirly; Indriani, Dian
JFIOnline | Print ISSN 1412-1107 | e-ISSN 2355-696X Vol 4, No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Indonesian Research Gateway

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The effect of antibacterial from ethanol extrcat Eugenia aromatica towards Gram positive and negative bacteria have been carried out. This study using diffusion method. The results shows the concentration of the extract 10 % and 20 % that has the effect to inhibit the growth of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtillis and Escherichia coli , Salmonella parathyposa.) while the 1 % concetrration has no effect. The diameter of inhibition zone of Ampicillin as positive control has more bigger than the extract. The statistic results show there are significant difference between the concentration extract and diameter of inhibition zone for each bacteria. ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan penelitian efek antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun cengkeh (Eugenia aromatica) dengan menggunakan penyari etanol 96% terhadap bakteri Gram positif (Staphylococcus aureus dan Bacillus snbtilis) dan bakteri Gram negatif (Escherichia coli dan Salmonella paratyphi) dengan menggunakan metode difusi agar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun cengkeh menunjukkan efek antibakteri terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, dan Salmonella paratyphi. Efek antibakteri dimulai pada konsentrasi 10%, sedangkan pada konsentrasi 1% tidak memberikan efek. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan diameter daerah hambat yang lebih kecil bila dibandingkan dengan diameter daerah hambat dari antibiotika ampisilin yang digunakan sebagai kontrol positif.. Dari analisis data dalam penelitian menggunakan perhitungan analisis statistik anova satu arah, hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna antara konsentrasi ekatrak daun cengkeh dengan diameter daerah hambat terhadap masingmasing bakteri.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN REBUSAN KAYU SECANG (Caesalpinia sappan L.) TERHADAP MENCIT YANG DIINFEKSI BAKTERI Escherichia coli Kumala, Shirly; Yuliani, .; Tulus, Didik
JFIOnline | Print ISSN 1412-1107 | e-ISSN 2355-696X Vol 4, No 4 (2009)
Publisher : Indonesian Research Gateway

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The research has done using two methods.Method A treatment was conduct 2 hours after infecting the mice with the Escherichia coli, while in the B method, the tratment was given to the mice after 24 hours. In every method, there were six groups (K1 was normal control using healthy mouce, K2 was negative control, infecting with bacteria without treatment with antibiotic,. and K3 was positive control using chloramphenicol) K4-K6 were the test group in this group were treated with different concentrations of “kayu secang”. After 3 days of treatment, the peritonium fluid of the mice was taken followed by quantitative analysis using plate count and qualitative with bacteria reidentification. Quantitative analysis via method A demonstrated that a decreased of K4 39.65 %, K5 45.64 % and K6 44.74 %. in bacterial colony number was observed in the samples collected from K4. K5 and K6 respectively. Method B showed decreased K4 37.26 %, K5 43.13 % and K6 42.93 % in the colony number counted. The qualitative analysis using differential medium demonstrated metallic light that showed the isolated bacterial strain was Escherichia coli. ABSTRAK Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan 2 metode. Metode A pengobatan dilakukan 2 jam setelah bakteri diinfeksi ke mencit, sedangkan pada metode B pengobatan dilakukan setelah 24 jam infeksi. Setiap metode terdiri dari 6 kelompok, kelompok 1 (normal), kelompok 2 (kontrol negatif) hanya diinfeksi bakteri tanpa diobati, kelompok 3 (positif) diinfeksi bakteri dan diobati dengan antibiotika kloramfenikol, kelompok 4, 5, 6 diinfeksi bakteri dan diobati dengan rebusan kayu secang dengan 3 konsentrasi yang berbeda. Pengobatan diberikan satu kali sehari selama 3 hari, setelah itu dilakukan pengambilan cairan intraperitonium dan diuji secara kuantitatif menggunakan metode plate count serta uji secara kualitatif dengan melakukan reidentifikasi bakteri. Hasil penelitian menunjukan rebusan kayu secang dengan konsentrasi 10 %, 20 % dan 50 % pada metode A secara uji kuantitatif dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli, dengan prosentase penurunan koloni bakteri pada K4 37,26 %, K5 43,13 % dan K6 42,93 %. Pada metode B, K4 37.26 %, K5 43.13 % dan K6 42.93 % Pengamatan metode A dan B secara kualitatif pada media diferensial Eosin Methylen Blue agar, menunjukkan kilap logam metal.

Co-Authors . Desi . Yuliani Ahmad Subhan Ariyani Kiranasari Ariyani Kiranasari Armansyah, Septiyana Lia Atut Ruswita Ayuditiawati, Meita Bekti, Novi Dyah Purnama Bekti, Novi Dyah Purnama Delina Hasan Dian Indriani Didik Tulus Dimas Adrianto Dwi Hapsari Juniarti Dwi Windi Sapitri Elvina Dhiaul Iftitah Erlita Agustina Erlita, Erlita Febbyasi Megawaty Gabriel, Gabriel Halim, Marta Hasan, Delina Herru Setiawan Hersunaryati, Yetti Heru Santosa Heru Santosa Hesty Utami Huda, Badrul I Ketut Suada Kurota Aini Laxmi, Dewi Lea P. Retnoningsih Leonardus B.S. Kardono Lestari Rahayu Mardiastuti, . Mardiastuti, . Marlin M. Raunsai Mochtar, Dede Mochtar, Dede Nancy Raisa Nancy Raisa, Nancy Nurmaini Nurmaini Partomuan Simanjuntak Partomuan Simanjuntak Pasanema, Dimas A. M. Pasanema, Dimas A. M. Pasaribu, Rita Kristina Pieter Hazmen Pratiwi Sudarmono Prih Sarnianto Priyo Wahyudi R, Hesty Utami Rachmani, Rum Rachmani, Rum Reubun, Yonathan Tri Atmodjo Reza Agung Sriwijaya Risma Marisi Tambunan, Risma Marisi Rita Kristina Pasaribu Robert Utji Ros Sumarny Sarnianto, Prih Sesilia A. Keban Sesilia Andriani Keban Setiadi, Feri Setiyarini, Setiyarini Shanny, Fransisca Shanny, Fransisca Siswa Setyahadi Siswa Setyahadi Sofi Nurmay Stiani Suhaimi Suhaimi Suhaimi, . Syahrial, Agan Syarifah Aini Syilvi Adini Tarigan, Asnah Teti Indrawati Teti Indrawati Teti Indrawati Umilawati Rawi Utami R, Hesty Violeta, Violeta Wahyudi Uun Yelfi Anwar Yusransyah

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