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All Journal Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Biota: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati JURNAL AGROTEKNOLOGI Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA

Christanti Sumardiyono

Departemen Hama Dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jln. Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281

Author-ID : 3094298

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Medicine & Pharmacology

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Uji Efektivitas Pestisida terhadap Beberapa Patogen Penyebab Penyakit Penting pada Buah Naga (Hylocereus sp.) secara In Vitro Ani Widiastuti; Wahyu Agustina; Arif Wibowo; Christanti Sumardiyono
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 17, No 2 (2011)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Problem caused by pathogen in Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus sp.) cultivation became very important because it decreased significantly the quantity and quality of the fruit production. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of some pesticides against pathogens that cause diseases of dragon fruit in several plantations in the DIY (Sleman and Kulon Progo) and Central Java (Magelang and Batang). Test of fungicide effectiveness was done in vitro on PDA medium (potato dextrose agar) by poisoned food technique. The fungicides were mancozeb 80 %, methyl tiofanat 70 %, copper hydroxide 80 %, chlorotalonil 75 %, mancozeb 64 % + metalaxyl 4 %, mancozeb karbendazim 73.8 % + 6.8 %,benomyl 50 % at a concentration of 1g/L. The bactericides used were streptomycin sulfate 20 % and oxytetracycline 150 AL with each concentration of 1 g/L and 1 mL /L. The results showed that benomyl 50 % was the most effective fungicide to suppress the growth of Fusarium sp. (brown spot), Colletotrichum sp. (anthracnose) and Pestalotiopsis sp. (scab), followed by mancozeb 73.8 % +karbendazim 6.8 % and 73.8 % mancozeb. Bactericide which was able to suppress the growth of Erwinia sp. (stem rot) was streptomycin sulfate 20 %. Gangguan patogen pada buah naga (Hylocereus sp.) saat ini menjadi masalah penting karena secara signifikan menurunkan kuantitas dan kualitas hasil panen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektivan beberapa pestisida terhadap patogen penyebab penyakit-penyakit penting pada tanaman buah naga yang ditanaman pada beberapa sentra pertanaman di Propinsi DIY (Sleman dan Kulon Progo) dan Jawa Tengah (Magelang dan Batang). Uji keefektivan pestisida dilakukan secara in vitro pada medium PDA (potato dextrose agar) dengan metode teknik makanan beracun (poisoned food technique). Fungisida yang dipergunakan adalah mankozeb 80%, tiofanat metil 70%, tembaga hidroksida 80%, klorotalonil 75%, mankozeb 64% + metalaksil 4%, mankozeb 73,8% + karbendazim 6,8%, benomil 50% dengan konsentrasi 1g/L, sedangkan bakterisida yang dipergunakan adalah streptomisin sulfat 20% dan oksitetrasiklin 150 AL dengan konsentrasi masing-masing 1 g/L dan 1 mL/L. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari enam jenis fungisida yang dipergunakan, benomil 50% merupakan fungisida yang paling efektif untuk menekan pertumbuhan Fusarium sp. (bercak cokelat), Colletotrichum sp. (antraknos), dan Pestalotiopsis sp. (kudis), diikuti oleh mankozeb 73,8% + karbendazim 6,8% serta mankozeb 73,8%. Untuk fungisida yang lain, efektifitasnya tidak terlalu tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan perlakuan kontrol. Bakterisida yang mampu menekan perkembangan Erwinia sp. (busuk batang) adalah streptomisin sulfat 20%.

Identifikasi Ras Fisiologis Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense Berdasarkan Sifat Kompatibel Secara Vegetatif dan Pembentukan Bahan Volatil Arif Wibowo; Suryanti Suryanti; Christanti Sumardiyono
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 8, No 1 (2002)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Race characterization of F. oxysporum Schlecht. f.sp. cubense (E.F. Smith) Snyd. & Hans. by determining disease reaction is difficult because the result may be biased due to the variability of growing condition. This study is aimed to identify physiological races of F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense in banana plantation in the province of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta by examining the relation of the fungal pathogen isolates. The identification of physiological races of F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense was based on vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs). The research was conducted in The Laboratory of Mycology Faculty of Agriculture GMU on March to November 2000. Observation of heterokarion formed by the mutant of F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense on selective medium was carried out in order to identify the compatibility of two different fungal isolates. Nitrate non utilizing (nit) mutants obtained without mutagen were used as the label. Nit mutant obtained from the same wild type isolates could form heterokarion on minimal agar medium containing NaNO3 as nitrogen source. Eleven isolates of F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense have been isolated from several cultivars of banana. Vegetative compatibility tests showed that of 11 eleven isolates, there were six different group VCGs where four of them formed volatile compound in rice medium whereas two of them did not.

Identifikasi dan Virulensi Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense RAS 4 Dwi Kiswanti; Suryanti Suryanti; Christanti Sumardiyono
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 16, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The aim of this study was to identify and to detect the virulence of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc) race 4. The isolates consisted of BNT-2, KD-1, U-8, BK, A-2, and A-13. Monospore isolation was done to obtain stable isolates. The detection and characteristics of isolates were observed on Komada medium. The diameter of colony and color was observed from underside of culture in petridish, while the shape of colony was observed from the upper side. Virulence test was conducted on Cavendish cultivar seedlings. Banana seedlings were inoculated with Foc cultured on rice medium (20 g/kg soil). The result indicated that A-13, U-8, BNT-2, and BK, were very virulent isolates; while A-2 and KD-1 were virulent. All isolates were detected as Foc race 4, with mild yellowish color and laccinated colonies on Komada medium.

Ekstraksi, Karakterisasi dan Daya Penghambatan Kitosan Alami terhadap Jamur Colletotrichum musae secara In Vitro Tunjung Pamekas; Christanti Sumardiyono; Nursamsi Pusposendjojo; Didik Indradewa
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 15, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.11764

In order to enhance food safety, the use of chemical pesticides on agriculture must be minimized, especially on postharvest processing. One of the alternative ways is the use of natural chitosan. Chitosan has good prospect as an alternative compound to chemical pesticides to be used on postharvest processing for agriculture products which are potential as exported commodity, such as banana cv. Ambon Curup, exotic fruit from Bengkulu. The aims of this research were to extract and characterize chitosan and to evaluate the inhibition of chitosan to Colletotrichum musae. Methods of experiment were (1) extraction of chitosan, (2) characterization of chitosan, and (3) inhibition test of chitosan to the pathogen in vitro. The parameters observed were the growth and colour of colony, the measurement and density of conidia and the dry weight of mycelium. The result indicated that the texture of chitosan were flake-powder with white-brownish colour, had a little bit odor of fish and pH were 7.5–13. The deacetylated degree of chitosan were around 74.27–75.64%. The in vitro test indicated that the kind of chitosan treatments gave no significant effect to the growth and colony colour, the measurement and density of conidia and the dry weight of mycelium. However the concentration of chitosan treatments were significantly effect all parameters. The chitosan on 20 mg/ml could inhibit the colony growth up to 81.20%, the conidial density up to 46.5%, the measurement of conidia up to 19.4%, and the dry weight of mycelium up to 59.46%. Chitosan had no effect to the colour of fungal colony.

Identifikasi dan Pengendalian Jamur Busuk Putih Buah Salak dengan Ekstrak Bunga Kecombrang (Nicolaia speciosa) Aries Pratomo; Christanti Sumardiyono; Y. M.S. Maryudani
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 15, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.11767

One of the important disease on snakefruit (Salacca edulis) is fruit rot disease with white symptom. Control of snake fruit diseases is better when natural compounds rather than chemicals pesticide were used which might cause consumer hazard. Several of plant extract i.e. from Zingiberaceae which have antimicrobial activity had been studied. The purpose of this study were to identify the pathogen of white rot and to know the effect of torch ginger’s flower (Nicolaia speciosa) extract on disease development. The spores was identified under microscopic condition from diseased fruits and isolates. Torch ginger’s flowers was extracted in ethanol. After removal of the ethanol the crude extract was dissolved with distilled water. Food Poisoned Technique was done to evaluate its influence in vitro. Both detached and clustered fruits were sprayed with the extract then inoculated with the pathogen. The result showed that the pathogen was Chalaropsis sp. Detached snakefruit was more susceptible to Chalaropsis sp. infection than those in cluster. In vitro test showed 48–50 % of torch ginger’s flower extract in water inhibit 90% of colony growth. The extract inhibited the development of Chalaropsis sp. in detached snakefruit or in cluster ones. Concentrated extract protected snakefruit up to 100% from Chalaropsis sp. infection.

Pengimbasan Ketahanan Pisang terhadap Penyakit Layu Fusarium dengan Asam Salisilat In Vitro Suryanti Suryanti; Yufita Dwi Chinta; Christanti Sumardiyono
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 15, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.11770

Salicylic acid (SA) is an important signal in plant defense. It is used as induced resistance agent against Fusarium wilt. An artificial induction was conducted by shaking the shoot groups of banana tissue culture in liquid medium of Murashige-Skoog (MS). MS medium was added with 0 ppm (as control), ⅛ LC50, ¼ LC50, ½ LC50, and LC50 concentration of SA. Alive shoot groups were subcultured for about three months and were acclimated. Resistance test had been conducted in glass house by inoculated six months old banana seedlings with Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc). Leaves symptom were observed based on Leaf Symptom Index (LSI) and corm discoloration based on Rhizome Discoloration Index (RDI). The result of this research showed that induced banana seedlings had higher plant resistance to Fusarium wilt than control.

Pengendalian Penyakit Layu Pisang dengan Fusarium Nonpatogenik dan Fluorescent pseudomonads Christanti Sumardiyono; Arif Wibowo; Suryanti Suryanti
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 13, No 2 (2007)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.11865

The study was aimed to know the ability of fluorescent pseudomonads and nonpathogenic Fusarium for controlling fusarium wilt of banan. The research was conducted both in the laboratory and glass ouse in the Faculty of Agriculture Gadjah Mada University. Laboratorial trial incuded the examining of antagonistic capacity in vitro and the population of these two antagonistic microorganism in compost medium. The examination of the effect of these two microorganisms in compost medium against fusarium wilt of banana Ambon Kuning cultivar was conducted in a glass house. The result showed that there was no antagonistic mechanism occured between fluorescent pseudomonads and nonpathogenic Fusarium. The treatment of compost with fluorescent pseudomonads or/and nonpathogenic Fusarium showed that there were differences on the optimum population of these two antagonistic microorganisms. Fluorescent pseudomonads attained its optimum population one week after inoculation while nonpathogenic Fusarium attained its optimum population two weeks after inoculation. The glass house trial showed taht compost enriched with two microorganisms with one week inocubation time reduced percentage of wilted leaves, although it was nonsignificant with control treatment. Field experiment should be conducted with higher population density of antagonist microorganisms.

Ketahanan Jamur terhadap Fungisida di Indonesia Christanti Sumardiyono
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 14, No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.11869

Plant diseases control with fungicides had been practised for decades in Indonesia. The orientation of consumers to have high quality agriculture product caused the intensif use of pesticides including fungicides. Systemic fungicides were used as therapeutant agens for disease control. Intensively used and sublethal dose of systemic fungicides induced fungi to be resistant. The purpose of this article was to describe the occurrence of developing fungicides resistance strains. Several publications reported that there were some fungicides which induced resistant strain i. e. benomyl and its metabolites, metalaxyl and simoksanyl. It was assumed that the resistant strain occurred due to the genetic of pathogens, mode of action of fungicides and method of application. Resistance to contact or nonsystemic fungicides was rare compared with systemic one. The single site action of systemic fungicides caused mutation of fungus to be resistant. This fenomena did not occure against contact fungicides with multisite actions. Among systemic fungicides, benomyl resistant strains were more frequently reported than the others. To avoid those problems the authors strongly suggested to use Integrated Pest Management in plant disease control. Reduced frequency of fungicides applications, using recommended dose and mixture of contact and systemic fungicides are several tactics to delay resistance. Risk assessment and monitoring of fungicides resistance at molecular level is also suggested.

Hubungan Antara Aktivitas Poligalakturonase dengan Virulensi RAS 4 Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense Arif Wibowo; Siti Subandiyah; Christanti Sumardiyono; Liliek Sulistyowati; Peter Taylor
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 14, No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.11871

One of the major constraints of banana plantation in Indonesia is the occurrence of fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense. The pathogen produced series of cell wall degradation extracellular enzymes which have important roles in pathogenicity. Many studies have been conducted to know the role of degrading enzyme banana pectin is the major component of cell wall. Many pectinolytic enzymes such as polygalacturonase and others have been isolated from many fungal plant pathogens. The study was aimed to know the role of polygalacturonase towards the virulence of race 4 of F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense. The result showed that from 10 isolates of race 4 of F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense, the most virulent isolate was Lmp1 followed by Srg1, Bgl6, Mln1, Bgl3, A13, Bnt2, Gnk3, Kjg1 dan Wsb5. This was indicated by high and low percentage of wilting leaves of banana cultivar Cavendish when they were inoculated with these isolates. Incubation period varied from 3 to 6 weeks after inoculation SDS-PAGE showed that polygalacturonase, mostly PG1 and PG2, was secreted by these isolates, whereas PG3 was only found in growing cultures of Gnk3 and Wsb5 isolates. Detection of polygalacturonase activity with diffusion agar and reducing sugar methods showed that the activity of polygalacturonase secreted by F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense in the growing culture had no correlation with the virulence of the fungal pathogen.

Determination of Diazinon Residue Used in Shallot against Armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) Isam Eldeen Ibrahim Hassan Abdalla; Edhi Martono; Christanti Sumardiyono
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 14, No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.11880

The research was carried out to identify the residue of diazinon in shallot crop which was grown inYogyakarta Special Territory, Bantul Regency (Parangtritis, Samas and Sanden). Questionnaires were also distributed to farmers in the area to find out the background of diazinon application. Samples were taken from these locations and Bantul market, and were analyzed using Thin Layer and Gas Chromatography (TLC and GC) methods. TLC technique detected diazinon residues in all samples except Parangtritis sample from farmers plot with no diazinon spraying. GC results showed that all the samples diazinon residues were well below maximum residue limit (MRL). The least residue level (0.0029 ppm) was detected in one week after harvesting sample from Sanden. The highest residue level (0.0231 ppm) was detected in the harvesting time sample from Parangtritis.

Co-Authors A.A. Ketut Agung Cahyawan W Achmadi Priyatmojo Albertus Sudirman Ani Widiastuti Ani Widiastuti Aries Pratomo Arif Wibowo Arif Wibowo Arif Wibowo Arif Wibowo Arif Wibowo Bambang Hadisutrisno Christine Agustamia Didik Indradewa Dwi Kiswanti Edhi Martono Eko Agus Martanto Eko Agus Martanto Endang Semiarti Haryadi - Haryadi Haryadi Haryono Semangun Hasan Ashari Oramahi Ika Roostika Tambunan Iqna Khayatina Rusli Isam Eldeen Ibrahim Hassan Abdalla JAKA WIDADA Johanna Taribuka, Johanna Kardi Raharjo Liliek Sulistyowati Maemonah, Maemonah Miftahul Ajri Nasrun Nasrun Niken Rasmi Paramita Nur Edy Nursamsi Pusposendjojo Nursamsi Pusposendjojo, Nursamsi Peter Taylor Putri Rositasari SEDYO HARTONO Setyo Agung Sismindari Sismindari Siti Muslimah Widyastuti SITI MUSLIMAH WIDYASTUTI Siti Subandiyah Siwi Indarti Sri Trisnowati Sudarmadi Sudarmadi Sukamto Sukamto Suryanti Suryanti Suryanti Suryanti Tunjung Pamekas Wahyu Agustina Y. M.S. Maryudani Yoga Yuniadi Yufita Dwi Chinta Yufita Dwi Chinta Yuli Kristiawati

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