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All Journal Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Jurnal Teknik ITS IPTEK The Journal for Technology and Science Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis JMM (Jurnal Masyarakat Mandiri) CHEESA: Chemical Engineering Research Articles Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat MEMBANGUN NEGERI Jurnal Penelitian IPTEKS TheJournalish: Social and Government Unri Conference Series: Community Engagement Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
Muharja, Maktum
Department Of Chemical Engineering, Faculty Of Engineering, Universitas Jember, Jalan Kalimantan 37, Jember 68121
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Education Energy Engineering Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Materials Science & Nanotechnology Social Sciences Other

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Effect of Severity Factor on the Subcritical Water and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Coconut Husk for Reducing Sugar Production Maktum Muharja; Nur Fadhilah; Rizki Fitria Darmayanti; Hanny Frans Sangian; Tantular Nurtono; Arief Widjaja
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2020: BCREC Volume 15 Issue 3 Year 2020 (December 2020)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.15.3.8870.786-797

Abstract

Preventing the further degradation of monomeric or oligomeric sugar into by-product during biomass conversion is one of the challenges for fermentable sugar production. In this study, the performance of subcritical water (SCW) and enzymatic hydrolysis of coconut husk toward reducing sugar production was investigated using a severity factor (SF) approach. Furthermore, the optimal condition of SCW was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM), where the composition changes of lignocellulose and sugar yield as responses. From the results, at low SF of SCW, sugar yield escalated as increasing SF value. In the enzymatic hydrolysis process, the effect of SCW pressure is a significant factor enhancing sugar yield. A maximum total sugar yield was attained on the mild SF condition of 2.86. From this work, it was known that the SF approach is sufficient parameter to evaluate the SCW and enzymatic hydrolysis of coconut husk. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 
A Performance Study of Home-Made Co-Immobilized Lipase from Mucor miehei in Polyurethane Foam on The Hydrolysis of Coconut Oil to Fatty Acid Dwina Moentamaria; Maktum Muharja; Tri Widjaja; Arief Widjaja
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2019: BCREC Volume 14 Issue 2 Year 2019 (August 2019)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.14.2.3848.391-403

Abstract

Bio‐based fatty acids (FAs) produced through hydrolysis of natural oils and fats are promising chemical feedstocks for increasing  the economic value of renewable raw materials. In this work, lecithin, gelatin, PEG, and MgCl2 were employed as the co-immobilized material of crude lipase Mucor miehei immobilization on the polyurethane foam (PUF) matrix for hydrolysis of coconut oil to Free Fatty Acid (FFA). The unconventional immobilized technique was used through cross-linking and covalent bond. Single factor analysis and response surface method were utilized to determine the optimum conditions of the hydrolysis reaction. After optimization, co-immobilized lipase was examined for storage stability at a temperature of 4°C and reusability performance. The optimum conditions for coconut oil hydrolysis were obtained on the co-immobilized-PUF ratio, water-oil ratio, and reaction time of 20.17 w/w, 4.45 w/w, and 20 h, respectively. Under these conditions, the acid value as lauric acid enhanced 573% to 3.21 mg KOH/g oil. Storage stability attained through remaining activity on free lipase, PUF-lipase, PUF-co-immobilized-lipase were 9.89%, 42.3%, and 91.88%, respectively. In this study, the application of PUF-co-immobilized lipase in hydrolysis reactions can be reused up to 5 times. Characteristics of the addition of co-immobilized lipase have been analyzed using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), showing the presence of functional groups binding and the changes in the surface matrix structure. 
Enhancing Enzymatic Digestibility of Coconut Husk using Nitrogen-assisted Subcritical Water for Sugar Production Maktum Muharja; Nur Fadhilah; Tantular Nurtono; Arief Widjaja
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2020: BCREC Volume 15 Issue 1 Year 2020 (April 2020)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.15.1.5337.84-95

Abstract

Coconut husk (CCH) as an abundant agricultural waste in Indonesia has the potential to be utilized for sugar production, which is the intermediate product of biofuel. In this study, subcritical water (SCW) assisted by nitrogen (N2) was developed to enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis of CCH. SCW process was optimized by varying the operation condition: the pressure of 60-100 bar, the temperature of 150-190 °C, and the time of 20-60 min. The SCW-treated solid was subsequently hydrolyzed by utilizing a mixture of commercial cellulase and xylanase enzymes. The result shows that the optimum total sugar yield was obtained under the mild condition of SCW treatment, resulting in the sugar of 15.67 % and 10.31 % gained after SCW and enzymatic hydrolysis process, respectively. SEM and FTIR analysis of SCW-treated solid exhibited the deformation of lignin and solubilization of cellulose and hemicellulose, while XRD and TGA revealed an increase of the amount of crystalline part in the solid residue. The use of N2 in SCW treatment combined with enzymatic hydrolysis in this study suggested that the method can be considered economically for biofuel production from CCH waste in commercial scale. Copyright © 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 
Subcritical Water Process for Reducing Sugar Production from Biomass: Optimization and Kinetics Maktum Muharja; Arief Widjaja; Rizki Fitria Darmayanti; Nur Fadhilah; Bramantyo Airlangga; Abdul Halim; Siska Nuri Fadilah; I Made Arimbawa
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2022: BCREC Volume 17 Issue 4 Year 2022 (December 2022)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.17.4.16527.839-849

Abstract

The competitive reactions of lignocellulose hydrolysis and monosaccharide degradation in the subcritical water (SCW) hydrolysis of coconut husk were investigated to optimize the reducing sugar yield. Optimization analysis was performed by response surface methodology (RSM) and kinetics studies. Parameters of process optimization were varied at 130-170 °C for 15-45 min. The reducing sugars were measured using the Dinitro salicylic acid method. The sugar yield increased when the temperature increased from 130 °C to 170 °C. The highest reduction sugar yield of 4.946 g/L was obtained at 183.6 °C for 4.8 min and 23.4 liquid/solid ratio (LSR). Kinetics studies were carried out at temperature variations of 150, 170, and 190 °C and pressures of 60, 80, and 100 bar for 5 to 60 min. The yield of reducing sugar decreased with increasing temperature. The kinetic model 2B is the best method to explain the competitive reaction kinetics of coconut husk hydrolysis. This research is an innovation to increase the reducing sugar to make the process more commercially viable. Copyright © 2022 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 
Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Alkali Pretreatment for Enhancement of Delignification Process of Cocoa Pod Husk Maktum Muharja; Rizki Fitria Darmayanti; Bekti Palupi; Istiqomah Rahmawati; Boy Arief Fachri; Felix Arie Setiawan; Helda Wika Amini; Meta Fitri Rizkiana; Atiqa Rahmawati; Ari Susanti; Ditta Kharisma Yolanda Putri
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2021: BCREC Volume 16 Issue 1 Year 2021 (March 2021)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.16.1.8872.31-43

Abstract

In this study, the optimization of microwave-assisted alkaline (MAA) pretreatment is performed to attain the optimal operating parameters for the delignification of cocoa pod husk (CPH). The MAA performance was examined by heating the CPH solid with different particle sizes (60–120 mesh) and NaOH solution with a different sample to a solvent (SS) ratio (0.02–0.05 g/L), for short irradiation time (1–4 min). Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was utilized to optimize the percentage of lignocellulose composition changes. The results show that by enlarging particle size, the content of lignin and cellulose decreased while hemicellulose increased. By prolong irradiation time, the content of lignin and hemicellulose decreased while cellulose elevated. On the other hand, increasing the SS ratio was not significant for hemicellulose content changes. From FTIR and SEM characterization, the MAA drove the removal of lignin and hemicellulose of CPH and increased cellulose slightly. Supported by kinetic study which conducted in this work, it was exhibited that MAA pretreatment technology is an effective delignification method of CPH which can tackle the bottleneck of its commercial biofuel production. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 
Co-Authors Abdul Halim Achri Isnan Khamil Adelia Rosalina Afrila Tutut Dwijati Lestari Agra Bachtiar Andika Prastika Ari Susanti Arief Widjaja Atiqa Rahmawati Atiqa Rahmawati Badril Azhar Bekti Palupi Boy Arief Fachri Bramantyo Airlangga Diana Fitriati Difka Augustina Diana Sari Dimas Nur Herdianto Ditta Kharisma Yolanda Ditta Kharisma Yolanda Putri Dwina Moentamaria Dyah Ayu Savitri Dyah Sawitri Felix Arie Setiawan Filial Ahliana Rahmaniyah Firmansyah, Arfian Alwi Hanggara Sudrajat Hanny F. Sangian Helda Wika Amini Helda Wika Amini Hesti Lipuring Tyas Hidayatullah Hidayatullah Husnul Khotimah I Made Arimbawa I Made Arimbawa Ilham Alamsah Ilham Alamsyah Irdatus Sholeha Irfan Albana Istiqomah Rahmawati Jayyid Zuhdan Jihan Nafila Wibowo Karima, Nur Kenji Sakai Kenji Sonomoto M. Wildan Ibnu Batuthoh M. Zikrillah M. Zikrillah Mahfud Mahfud Meta Fitri Rizkiana Ming Gao Mohammad Abdul Aziz Fajar Mohammad Nashir Idham Kholid Mohammad Nazarudin Ali Muhammad Rizalluddin Niki Etruly Nova Chintya Kurniawati Nur Fadhilah Nur Fadhilah Nur Fadhilah Nur Karima Nur Karima Nurtsulutsiyah Nurtsulutsiyah Rekha Aliyya Isma Rizki Fitria Darmayanti Rizki Fitria Darmayanti Siska Nuri Fadilah Siska Nuri Fadilah Siska Nuri Fadilah Siska Nuri Fadilah Sjarief Widjaja Susilowati Susilowati Tantular Nurtono Tao Zhao Tri Dwinanda Nursoliha Tri Widjaja Viqhi Aswie Yakub Hendrikson Manurung Yakub Hendrikson Manurung Yukihiro Tashiro Zakia Ainun Salsabila