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All Journal Buletin Peternakan Journal of Tropical Life Science : International Journal of Theoretical, Experimental, and Applied Life Sciences Pastura; Journal Of Tropical Forage Science Jurnal Veteriner Jurnal Agripet Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Hasil Ternak Jurnal Ilmu dan Industri Peternakan Biotropika Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan (Indonesian Journal of Animal Science) Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Research Journal of Life Science Jurnal Pembangunan dan Alam Lestari Jurnal Ternak Tropika Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Peternakan Tropis Livestock and Animal Research Animal Production : Indonesian Journal of Animal Production Jurnal Peternakan (Jurnal of Animal Science) Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan dan Veteriner Tropis (Journal of Tropical Animal and Veterinary Sciences) Seminar Nasional Lahan Suboptimal Jurnal Ilmiah Inovasi Jurnal Ilmiah Fillia Cendekia JITPI : Jurnal Ilmu Dan Teknologi Peternakan Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Animal Science and Technology) Jurnal Nutrisi Ternak Tropis dan Ilmu Pakan Jurnal Nutrisi Ternak Tropis (JNT) Indonesian Journal of Applied Research (IJAR) Jurnal Nukleus Peternakan
Osfar Sjofjan
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Veterinary Other

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PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN PROBIOTIK (Lactobacillus sp.) DALAM PAKAN TERHADAP ENERGI METABOLIS, KECERNAAN PROTEIN DAN AKTIVITAS ENZIM BURUNG PUYUH Dhika Yonika Primacitra; Osfar Sjofjan; Muhammad Halim Natsir
TERNAK TROPIKA Journal of Tropical Animal Production Vol 15, No 1 (2014): TERNAK TROPIKA
Publisher : Jurusan Produksi Ternak, Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (317.424 KB)

Abstract

The purpose of this experiment was to know the effect of probiotic (Lactobacillus sp.) supplementation on metabolizable energy, protein digestibility and enzyme activity of quail. This experiment used 20 female quails aged 94 days. Basal diet was comprised of corn, pollard, fish meal, soybean meal, coconut cake, rice bran, lime, salt, premix, lysine and methionine. The basal diet was then supplemented with probiotic at level of 0% (P0), 0,2% (P1), 0,4% (P2) and 0,6% (P3) as treatments. The variables measured were protein digestibility, nitrogen retention, metabolisable energy, N-corrected metabolizable energy, amylase and protease activity enzymes. The experimental applied in this experiment was completely randomized design with four treatments and five replications. The results show that there are no significant effect of probiotic (Lactobacillus sp.)addition (P>0,05) on protein digestibility, nitrogen retention, metabolizable energy and N-corrected metabolizable energy. However, there is significant effect on amylase and protease activity enzymes (P<0,01). It can be concluded that the experiment indicated that supplementation of probiotic (Lactobacillus sp.)in the diet of quails was effective in improving amylase and protease enzymes.   Key words: probiotic, quail, metabolizable energy, protein digestibility, amylase enzyme, protease enzyme.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN TEPUNG KETELA RAMBAT (Ipomea Batatas L) SEBAGAI SUMBER ENERGI TERHADAP PENAMPILAN PRODUKSI AYAM PEDAGING FASE FINISHER Heli Tistiana; Osfar Sjofjan
TERNAK TROPIKA Journal of Tropical Animal Production Vol 12, No 1 (2011): Ternak Tropika
Publisher : Jurusan Produksi Ternak, Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Brawijaya

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengunaan tepung ketela rambat sebagai sumber energi pakan ayam pedaging periode finisher terhadap konsumsi pakan, pertambahan bobot dan konversi pakan, berat karkas dan berat lemak abdominal. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 80 ekor ayam pedaging jantan Strain Lohman Platinum umur 21- 35 hari dengan berat awal 866,77± 7,449 gram. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode percobaan dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan, yakni pakan kontrol, penggantian dengan ketela rambat 10%, 20% dan 30% pakan sumber energy (jagung). Variabel yang diukur dalam penelitian ini adalah konsumsi pakan, pertambahan bobot badan, konversi pakan, berat karkas dan berat lemak abdominal. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penggunaan tepung ketela rambat sebagai sumber energi tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata (P>0,05) terhadap komsumsi pakan, berat karkas dan berat lemak. Sementara pengaruhnya terhadap pertambahan bobot badan dan konversi pakan menunjukkan perbedaan yang sangat nyata (P<0,01). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa pemberian tepung ketela rambat sebanyak maksimal 10% sebagai sumber energy masih bisa memberikan hasil yang cukup baik terhadap konsumsi pakan, pertambahan bobot badan, konversi pakan, berat karkas dan berat lemak abdominal.  Disarankan penggunaan tepung ketela rambat sebagai sumber energi proporsinya kurang dari 10 persen dari total pakan. Kata Kunci: energi, tepung ketela rambat, penampilan ayam pedaging   The Influence of Cassava Flour (Ipomea Batatas L) as Energy to Broiler Performance ABSTRACT This research was conducted to determine the influenced of the adding chromium picolenate on feed to broiler performance. Method of this research was experimentally design which used ninety six male chickens Lohman strain in the 4 x 5 Completely Randomized Design. There was four level of the using cassava flour (Ipomea batatas L) on feed (P0 = 0, P1 = 10%, P2 = 20%, P3 = 30% ). Variables measured were feed intake, live weight gain, feed conversion, carcass weight and abdominal fat weight,.   The yield research shoat that utilizing cassava flour as source of energy to feed consumption, carcass weight dnd abdominal fat weight  had not give significant effect (P > 0,05).  But in body growth and feed conversion gave the significant  effect to (P< 0,01). The research yield can be concluded that utilizing cassava flour as source energy up to 10% step (PI).  The utilizing cassava flour recommended as source energy proportion last than 10% from total feed. Key Words: energy, cassava fllur, Broiler performance
The Magnetic Technology in Drinking Water of Laying Hens Filoza Marwi; Osfar Sjofjan; Adharul Mutaqin; Muhammad Halim Natsir
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Peternakan Tropis Vol 8, No 2 (2021): JITRO, Mei 2021
Publisher : Universitas Halu Oleo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (47.147 KB) | DOI: 10.33772/jitro.v8i2.16768

Abstract

The experiment was conducted to know the best level of magnetic technology for improving water quality and to compare the use of magnetic technology (MT) and non-magnetic technology (NMT) in drinking water of the laying hens. This study had 2 experiment steps. The first step studied 3 levels (1350 Gs, 2700 Gs, 5400 Gs) of magnetic technology. The results showed that MT had a significant effect (p<0.05) on total dissolved solids (TDS), alkalinity, acidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), Escherichia coli, and no significant effect (p>0.05) on biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and pH of drinking water. 2700 Gs used in the second step was the best result to improve water quality. Magnetic technology was used to treat drinking water of 288 ISA Brown birds aged 57-week assigned to 2 treatments (NMT and MT). MT showed no significant effect (p>0.05) on hen day production (HDP) but improved (p<0.05) the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of laying hens.Keywords: laying hens, magnet, production, water quality
Profile of Total Leukocytes and Differential Leukocytes in Broilers Using Herbal Feed Additives Achmad Bagus Adhiluhung Mardhotillah; Nur Hidayah; Usman Ali; Osfar Sjofjan; Irfan Djunaidi
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Peternakan Tropis Vol 9, No 1 (2022): JITRO, Januari 2022
Publisher : Universitas Halu Oleo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (358.604 KB) | DOI: 10.33772/jitro.v9i1.20217

Abstract

ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the effect of herbal plant-based feed additives, namely Aloe vera and turmeric flour on the appearance of total leukocytes and leukocyte differential in broilers. The material used for this research is 64 Day old Chick (DOC). The method used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 4 replicates which contained 4 heads. Total leukocytes profile and leukocyte differential including eosinophils, basophils, heterophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes were observed in this study. The results showed that the combination of Aloe vera and turmeric flour had a significant effect (p<0.01) on total leukocytes (10.73±0.43). Another result in this study was that the combination of herbal feed additives had no effect (p>0.05) on eosinophils (0.27±0.25) and basophils (0.03±0.05), however heterophile (3.42±0.45), lymphocytes (6.48±0.16), and monocytes (0.54±0.16) showed a significant effect (p<0.05). The conclusion is that the addition of herbal feed additives from Aloe vera flour, turmeric flour, and their combination can improve and enhance immune conditions in terms of the total leukocytes and leukocyte differential profiles in broilers.Keywords: Aloe vera flour, turmeric flour, leukocyte profile, antimicrobial 
Evaluasi Kandungan Nutrisi Pakan dan Daya Hambat Tepung Biji Asam Kandis (Gracinia cowa) sebagai Bahan Pakan Unggas Febri Puska Padang; Osfar Sjofjan; Edhy Sudjarwo
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Peternakan Tropis Vol 5, No 3 (2018): JITRO, September
Publisher : Universitas Halu Oleo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (178.658 KB) | DOI: 10.33772/jitro.v5i3.4708

Abstract

Kandis acid (Gracinia cowa) has been used for cooking, medicine, beauty, etc., but using of seeds has not been profitable so it was wasted. Seeds can be used as a fitobiotic to replace antibiotics or as feed ingredients. The purpose of this study was to determine the food ingredient and the inhibitory of bacteria on kandis seeds flour. This research was conducted by laboratory experiments using Kandis seeds flour as a material, analysis proximate used to represent the composition of feedstuft, bioactive used test flavonoid quantitaf seconder and the inhibitory test with hollow diffusion methode. The results of the test were dry matter 89.11%, crude fat 4.77, fiber 18.57, crude protein 0.99, tannin 0.29%, GE 5244 kcal / kg, Ca 0.72%, P 0, 22%, flavonoids 0.44%, density 413 g / mL. The smallest inhibitory bacteria produced by lactic acid bacteria then Salmonella and Escherichia coli. The food ingredient represented that value Kandis acid seeds flour can be used as food and there are bacterial inhibitory by the activity of flavonoids and tannins. The conclusion is the kandis acid seeds have potential as feed ingredients and phytobiotics Keywords: gracinia cowa, flavonoid, proximate analysis, inhibition
Komposisi Minyak Atsiri dan Aktivitas Antimikroba Rimpang Temu Putih dan Jahe Gajah sebagai Fitobiotik Pakan Unggas Laila Nur Rohma; Osfar Sjofjan; M. Halim Natsir
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Peternakan Tropis Vol 6, No 2 (2019): JITRO, Mei
Publisher : Universitas Halu Oleo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (553.692 KB) | DOI: 10.33772/jitro.v6i2.5560

Abstract

ABSTRAK                                                                        Imbuhan pakan unggas dapat berasal dari bahan herbal yang mengandung berbagai komponen aktif yang bermanfaat bagi pertumbuhan ternak.Temu putih dan jahe gajah dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai imbuhan pakan karena mengandung minyak atsiri yang dapat berperan sebagai agen antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komponen penyusun minyak atsiri dan aktivitas antimikroba pada rimpang temu putih dan jahe gajah. Penelitian dilakukan dengan percobaan in vitro menggunakan temu putih dan jahe gajah yang diolah menjadi bentuk ekstrak minyak atsiri temu putih dan jahe gajah sebagai materi uji komposisi penyusun minyak atsiri serta bentuktepung dan enkapsulasi sebagai materi uji aktivitas antimikroba. Komposisi minyak atsiri temu putih terdiri dari lima komponen penyusun dengan cis-1,7-octadien-3-yl acetat sebagai komponen utama. Komposisi minyak atsiri jahe gajah terdiri dari tujuh komponen dan benzene,1-(1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl)-4-methyl-(CAS) ar-curcumene sebagai komponen utama. Minyak atsiri yang terkandung pada temu putih dan jahe gajah mempunyai peran dalam menghambat mikroba. Uji komposisi penyusun minyak atsiri menggunakan alat GC-MS dan uji aktivitas antimikroba menggunakan metode disc diffusion dan. Hasil dari uji aktivitas antimikroba menunjukkan bahwa temu putih dan jahe gajah dalam bentuk tepung dan enkapsulasi memiliki perbedaan yang sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap aktivitas antimikroba pada bakteri asam laktat, Escherichia coli dan Salmonella sp. Campuran temu putih dan jahe gajah (1:1) menunjukkan kemampuan terbaik dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri patogen dengan diameter zona hambat 5,70±0,14 mm  (Escherichia coli) dan 6,88±0,45 mm (Salmonella sp.).Kata Kunci : antimikroba, fitobiotik, jahe gajah, minyak atsiri, temu putihABSTRACTThe poultry feed additives can contain herbal ingredients that contain various beneficial components for livestock growth. White turmeric and giant ginger can be used as feed additives because they contain essential oils that can be used as antibacterial agents. This study aims to determine the constituent components of essential oils and antimicrobial activity in white turmeric and giant ginger rhizomes. The study was carried out by in vitro experiments using white turmeric and giant ginger which were processed into the form of essential oil extract as material for the composition of essential oils test, and powder and encapsulation form as antimicrobial activity test material. The composition of essential oils of white turmeric consists of five constituent components with cis-1,7-octadien-3-yl acetate as the main component. The composition of giant ginger essential oil consists of seven components with benzene, 1- (1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl) -4-methyl- (CAS) ar-curcumene as the main component. Essential oils contained in the white turmeric and giant ginger have a role in inhibiting microbes. The composition of the essential oil tested using GC-MS and the antimicrobial activity test used the disc diffusion method. The results of the antimicrobial activity test showed that white turmeric and giant ginger in powder and encapsulation form had significant differences (P <0.01) on antimicrobial activity in lactic acid bacteria, Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. The mixture of white turmeric and giant ginger (1: 1) showed the best ability to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria with inhibitory zone diameters of 5.70 ± 0.14 mm (Escherichia coli) and 6.88 ± 0.45 mm (Salmonella sp.).Keywords: antimicrobial, essential oil, giant ginger, phytobiotic, white turmeric
Pengaruh Pemberian Kombinasi Probiotik dan Tepung Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi) Terhadap Kecernaan dan Energi Metabolis pada Ayam Pedaging Bintang Putri; Osfar Sjofjan; Irfan H. Djunaidi
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Peternakan Tropis Vol 6, No 2 (2019): JITRO, Mei
Publisher : Universitas Halu Oleo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (317.713 KB) | DOI: 10.33772/jitro.v6i2.6502

Abstract

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian kombinasi probiotik dan tepung belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi) terhadap kecernaan dan energi metabolis pada ayam pedaging. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode percobaan dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dari 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari P0(-) = pakan kontrol, P1 = probiotik 0,8% + tepung belimbing wuluh 0,25%, P2 = probiotik 0,8% + tepung belimbing wuluh 0,50%, P3 = probiotik 0,8% + tepung belimbing wuluh 0,75%. Variabel yang diukur pada penelitian ini meliputi kecernaan bahan kering (KcBK), kecernaan protein kasar (KcPK), energi metabolis (AME) dan energi metabolis terkoreksi nitrogen (AMEn). Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah pemberian penambahan kombinasi probiotik dan tepung belimbing wuluh memberikan pengaruh tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05) pada KcBK, KcPK, AME, dan AMEn, namun jika dilihat secara numerik penambahan kombinasi probiotik dan tepung belimbing wuluh pada pemberian presentase 0,75% memberikan hasil terbaik. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah kombinasi probiotik dan tepung belimbing wuluh dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif antibiotik pada pakan.Kata Kunci:acidifier, energi metabolis, kecernaan, probiotik, tepung belimbing wuluhABSTRACTThe purpose of this research to determine the effect of the combination of probiotics and Averrhoa bilimbi on digestibility and metabolic energy in broilers. The method was field experiment using Completely Randomize Design with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments were consist of P0 (-) = control feed, P0 (+) = antibiotic (bacitracin), P1 = probiotic 0.8% + Averrhoa bilimbi0.25%, P2 = probiotic 0.8% + Averrhoa bilimbi0, 50%, P3 = probiotic 0.8% + Averrhoa bilimbi0.75%. The measured variables were dry matter digestibility, crude protein digestibility, apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and nitrogen corrected apparet metabolizable energy (AMEn). The data were analyzed by ANOVA and continued by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The result of this research showed that the addition of probiotic and Averrhoa bilimbi combination were not significantly effects (P>0,05) on dry matter digestibility, crude protein digestibility, apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and nitrogen corrected apparet metabolizable energy (AMEn), but if when viewed numerically the combination of probiotic and Averrhoa bilimbi the addition of 0,75% gived the best result. The conclusion of this research was combination of probiotic and Averrhoa bilimbi can be used as an alternative antibiotic in feed.Keywords: acidifier,Averrhoa bilimbi, digestibility, probiotic, metabolizable energy
Respon Pemberian Tepung Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera) pada Pakan Ayam Petelur terhadap Penampilan Produksi dan Kualitas Telur Edi Wahyu Satria; Osfar Sjofjan; Irfan Hadji Djunaidi
Buletin Peternakan Vol 40, No 3 (2016): BULETIN PETERNAKAN VOL. 40 (3) OKTOBER 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21059/buletinpeternak.v40i3.11203

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Moringa leaf meal (Moringa oleifera) in feed on production performance and egg quality of laying hens. The materials used 120 laying hens of Isa Brown breed in 38 to 42 weeks age. The method used an experimental trial by Moringa oleifera addition in the basal feed. The experiment were devided into four groups i.e. without Moringa oleifera as control (P0), with Moringa oleifera 0.5% (P1), 1% (P2), 1.5% (P3) and 2% (P4). Variables observed were the appearance of egg production and quality. The data was analyzed by Completely Randomized one way design. The mean differences were calculated by the Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results showed that administration of Moringa leaf powder can increase the production and quality of eggs in laying hens. Addition of 2% Moringa leaf powder in the feed gives the best effect on the appearance and quality of production and egg. This research suggested the addition of 2% Moringa leaf powder was recommended in order to obtain the finest appearance and quality of production.
Pengaruh Beberapa Jenis Pakan Komersial terhadap Kinerja Produksi Kuantitatif dan Kualitatif Ayam Pedaging septiani anggitasari sitompul; Osfar Sjofjan; Irfan Hadji Djunaidi
Buletin Peternakan Vol 40, No 3 (2016): BULETIN PETERNAKAN VOL. 40 (3) OKTOBER 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21059/buletinpeternak.v40i3.11622

Abstract

The study was aimed to investigate the effects of some kinds of commercial feed on quantitative and qualitative production performance of broiler chicken include feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, mortality, index of production (IP), income over feed cost (IOFC), percentage of carcasses, deposition of breast meat, meat cholesterol, and antibiotic residues. This study used 200 unsexed day old broiler chick which were allocated in Completely Randomized Design and analyzed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The birds were fed some of the commercial diets produced by PT. P, PT. M, PT. C, or PT. W from 35 days rearing period. Analysis in the laboratory revealed that different commercial diets did not contain different chemical composition, including: dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, ether extract, gross energy, calcium, phosphorus and antibiotic residues. Different commercial broiler feeds did not affect feed consumption, but affect (P<0.05) body weight gain, carcass percentage, income over feed cost, and high significantly affect (P<0.01) feed conversion, breast meat deposition, production index, and cholesterol deposition. Oxytetracycline  residues in chicken meat from all treatment diets were <30 ppb. Effect of some kinds of commercial feed showed different results on feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion, carcass percentage, breast  meat  deposition,  production index,  and  IOFC, meat cholesterol and antibiotic residue. However, feed from PT. M showed better results, as it gave production index and IOFC values than that of other commercial feeds.
The Effect of Corn Substitution with Palm Kernel Meal Treated by Enzyme on Production Performance and Carcass Quality of Broiler Muhammad Halim Natsir; Irfan Djunaidi; Osfar Sjofjan; Antonius Suwanto; Esti Puspitasari; Ludovika Jessica Virginia
Buletin Peternakan Vol 42, No 2 (2018): BULETIN PETERNAKAN VOL. 42 (2) MAY 2018
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21059/buletinpeternak.v42i2.30977

Abstract

The research was aimed to evaluate the effects of substitution level of corn with palm kernel meal (PKM) untreated and palm kernel meal (PKM) treated by enzyme on production performance and carcass quality of broilers. The method used in this research was experiment using nested of completely randomized design with 2 factors, the main factor was type of palm kernel meal factors consisting of PKM without enzyme (B1) and PKM by mannanase enzyme (B2), and substitution corn level L0 (without substitution), L1 (12.5%), L2 (25%), L3 (37.5%) and L4 (50%). The different among the treatments were tested by Duncan’s multiple range test. The results showed that corn substitution with PKM untreated and PKM treated by enzymes was significantly effect (P<0.01) on feed conversion ratio (FCR), tenderness, meat cholesterol of broilers and income over feed cost (IOFC) and significant effect (P<0.05) on feed intake, but there is no significant difference on body weight, percentages of abdominal fat and water holding capacity (WHC). Furthermore, effect of level corn substitition with PKM nested to PKM untreated and PKM treated by enzyme was significantly effect (P<0.01) on feed intake, body weight, FCR, and tenderness and significant effect (P<0.05) on IOFC, but there is no effect on percentages of abdominal fat, WHC and meat cholesterol. It can be concluded that the corn substitution with PKM treated by enzymes was better than the PKM untreated on production performance and carcass quality of broilers. The optimal level of PKM untreated as corn substitution was 12.5%. While replacement with PKM treated by enzyme can be used up to 25%.
Co-Authors - Aulani’Am A.P Rahayu Abd. Rasyid Syamsuri Achmad Bagus Adhiluhung Mardhotillah Achmanu . Adharul Mutaqin Adli, Danung Nur Afdora, Pupimadita Tizar Agus Susilo Ajeng Kusumaningtyaswati Akhmad Zaenal Wijaya Antonius Suwanto Aris Sri Widiati Awang Tri Satria Ayu Damayanti B. Sundu Badat Muwakhid Bintang Putri Desna Ayu Wijayanti Dhika Yonika Primacitra Diah Kartika Sari Didik Nur Edi Djalal Rosyidi Djunaidi, Irfan Edhy Sudjarwo Edhy Sudjarwo Edhy Sudjarwo Edhy Sudjarwo Edi Wahyu Satria Eko Widodo Eko Widodo Esti Puspitasari Faizal Andri Farela Adhana Muflikhien Farida Kusuma Astuti Febri Puska Padang Filoza Marwi Fitri Wahyuni Fitria Tridyana Putri Haryaka Tisti Sadara Heli Tistiana Heni Setyo Prayogi Hertamawati, Rosa Tri Hudan Allama Ilmi Sholichatunnisa Irfan Djunaidi Irfan Djunaidi Irfan H. Djunaidi Irfan H. Djunaidi Kuncoro, Kuncoro Laila Nur Rohma Lestariningsih Lestariningsih Lestariningsih Lestariningsih Ludovika Jessica Virginia M Halim Natsir M Halim Natsir M. H. Natsir M. Halim Natsir Mariani Jesika Widiawati Mashudi Mashudi Muhammad Halim Natsir Muhammad Izzuddiyn Muharlien Muharlien Muharlien Muharlien Nur Hidayah Nuraini Nadzifah Obbi Firmansyah Picky Oriesta Ayu Harmayanda Pratiwi Trisunuwati Pupimadita Tizar Afdora Randa, Sangle Yohanes Reo Radius Falah Reynaldy Hadi Ardyansyah Romy Abdillah Ramadhan Roro Rianthie Jessieca A.G Roselin Gultom Rosyidatul Churriyah Ruli Nanda Pratama S. Sulistyaningsih Sabarta sembiring septiani anggitasari sitompul Siska OktaFina Diarlin Siska Tirajoh, Siska Siti Nur Ulpah Sri Minarti Sri Ratna Sari Suci Puji Lestari Suyadi Suyadi Tika Septi Wardani Tri Ardiyati Tri Ardiyati Tri Ardyati Umi Kalsum Umiani Hatta Usman Ali Wahidin Mardiono Swantho Menggi Emma Woro Busono, Woro Y.F Nuningtyas Yuli Frita Nuningtyas