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Self efficacy dalam penggunaan kondom pada Lelaki Seks Lelaki (LSL) dengan HIV/AIDS: Literature review Nirwanto K Rahim; Sri Yona; Agung Waluyo
Holistik Jurnal Kesehatan Vol 14, No 3 (2020)
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Keperawata Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/hjk.v14i3.2707

Abstract

Self-efficacy for condom use related sexual risk behavior among men who have sex with men and HIV/AIDS: A literature reviewBackground: The prevalence of HIV / AIDS in the world is increasing. Men who have sex with men  (MSM) is the population most vulnerable to HIV / AIDS. Transmission occurred  because of the low use of condoms. Self-efficacy is the ability to belief of self against individual coping in specific situations that affect thinking, behavior, and emotional patterns that can affect attitudes in controlling motivation, behavior, social and the surrounding environmentPurpose: A literature study was explore self-efficacy in using condom and measurement of self-efficacy in condom useMethod: Literature studies used the online database Proquest, CINAHL, the literature was limited by criteria: in 2016-2019, full text and English language, with the keywords: "Self-Efficacy AND Condom Use", "HIV / AIDS AND MSM," HIV / AIDS AND Self EfficacyResults: Finding 9 articles that were relevant to the inclusion criteria. The results showed that there were  two categories in the assessment of self-efficacy in HIV / AIDS patients, namely Sexual Self-Efficacy, and Condom Self-EfficacyConclusion: The assessment used several different instruments, however, although the instruments used were different in the assessment of self-efficacy,  the results of the entire study showed  a link between self-efficacy in the use of condoms in MSM. The results of this literature review can be used as information material about the importance of self efficacy in improving the consistency of condom use to prevent HIV / AIDS Keywords: HIV/AIDS; Self-Efficacy, Condom Use; Sexual risk; BehaviorPendahuluan: Prevalensi HIV/AIDS di dunia semakin meningkat. Lelaki seks lelaki (LSL ) merupakan populasi yang paling mudah terkena HIV/AIDS. Penularan terjadi karena rendahnya penggunaan kondom. Self-efficacy merupakan kemampuan untuk percaya pada kemampuan diri terhadap koping individu dalam situasi yang spesifik yang mempengaruhi pemikiran, perilaku, dan pola emosional yang dapat berdampak pada sikap dalam mengontrol motivasi, perilaku, dan sosial serta lingkungan sekitar.Tujuan: Untuk mengeksplorasi  self-efficacy  dalam penggunaan kondom dan pengukuran self-efficacy dalam penggunaan kondom.Metode: Studi literatur melalui database online Proquest, CINAHL,  literature dibatasi dengan kriteria : tahun 2016-2019, full text dan berbahasa Inggris, dengan kata kunci: “Self-Efficacy AND Condom Use”,“HIV/AIDS AND MSM,”HIV/AIDS AND Self EfficacyHasil: Didapatkan self-efficacy pada pasien HIV/AIDS dibedakan menjadi Sexual Self- Efficacy, dan Condom Self-Efficacy dan penilaian menggunakan beberapa instrument yakni  sexual self-efficacy scale, the AIDS-Prevention Self-efficacy Scal, condom use self-efficacy, condom use self-efficacy scale,Simpulan: terdapat  instrumen yang berbeda namun, meskipun instrumen yang digunakan berbeda dalam penilaian self-efficacy namun seluruh hasil penelitan menunjukkan adanya keterkaitan self-efficacy dalam penggunaan kondom pada LSL. Hasil telaah literature ini dapat dijadikan bahan informasi tentang pentingnya self efficacy dalam meningkatkan konsistensi penggunaan kondom untuk mencegah HIV/AIDS.
Terapi komplementer non invasif pada peningkatan status kesehatan sistem pernapasan penderita PPOK: Sebuah literature review Senja Paramita; I Made Kariasa; Sri Yona
Holistik Jurnal Kesehatan Vol 15, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Keperawata Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/hjk.v15i2.4449

Abstract

Non-invasive complementary therapies in improving the health status of the respiratory system in patients with COPD: A literature review Background: Patients with COPD need an individual treatment plan that aims to cope with symptoms and requires a different and individualized treatment plan. The medication and surgery cause several complications, accompanied by negative side effects, the “one size fits all as a universal approach" is inappropriate in the treatment of COPD. Therefore, non-pharmacological therapy needed to complement and must be part of comprehensive COPD management as rehabilitation in patients with COPD.Purpose: A literature study was explore non-invasive complementary therapies in improving the health status of the respiratory system in patients with COPDMethod: Analysis based on articles from online databases Proquest, EBSCO, Cochrane, PubMed, and Google scholar. The criteria for the articles used are Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT), published in 2015-2020, in English, full text, accessible. The initial search found 875 articles, after going through the screening process, nine articles were found that were suitable and analyzed.Results: Five types of interventions were found in nine publications, namely physical exercise, breathing exercises, chest physiotherapy, hypnosis, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation providing various benefits on status. Globally there are three million deaths every year. The prevalence of COPD is expected to increase over the next 40 years and by 2060 it is estimated that there will be more than 5.4 million deaths each year due to COPD.Keywords: Non-invasive; Complementary therapies; Health status; Respiratory system; COPDPendahuluan: Penderita PPOK membutuhkan rencana pengobatan individual yang bertujuan untuk menanggulangi gejala dan membutuhkan rencana penanganan yang berbeda dan bersifat individual. Mengingat penggunaan obat-obatan dan pembedahan menimbulkan banyak komplikasi dan disertai efek samping negative maka pendekatan “one size fits all” tidak cukup dalam pengobatan PPOK. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan terapi nonfarmakologis untuk melengkapi dan harus menjadi bagian dari manajemen PPOK yang komprehensif sebagai rehabilitasi pada penderita PPOK.Tujuan: Sebuah studi literatur untuk mengeksplorasi terapi komplementer non-invasif dalam meningkatkan status kesehatan sistem pernapasan pada pasien PPOKMetode: Analisa berdasarkan artikel yang berasal dari database online Proquest, EBSCO, Cochrane, PubMed, dan Google scholar. Kriteria artikel yang digunakan ialah Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT), diterbitkan pada tahun 2015-2020, berbahasa Inggris, teks lengkap, dapat diakses. Perncarian awal didapatkan 875 artikel setelah melalui proses penyaringan didapatkan sembilan artikel yang sesuai dan diananlisis.Hasil: Didapatkan lima macam intervensi dalam sembilan publikasi yang ditemukan yaitu physical exercise, latihan pernapasan, fisioterapi dada,  hipnosis, dan trancutaneus electrical nerve stimulation memberikan manfaat yang beragam pada status. Secara global terdapat tiga juta kematian setiap tahunnya. Prevalensi PPOK diperkirakan akan meningkat selama 40 tahun ke depan dan pada tahun 2060 diperkirakan akan ada lebih dari 5,4 juta kematian setiap tahun disebabkan oleh PPOK.
Penerapan Active Cycle of Breathing Technique untuk Mengatasi Masalah Bersihan Jalan Nafas pada Pasien Tuberkulosis Paru dengan Bronkiektasis: Studi Kasus Vika Endria; Sri Yona; Agung Waluyo
Journal of Telenursing (JOTING) Vol 4 No 1 (2022): Journal of Telenursing (JOTING)
Publisher : Institut Penelitian Matematika, Komputer, Keperawatan, Pendidikan dan Ekonomi (IPM2KPE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31539/joting.v4i1.3435

Abstract

This study aims to identify the effectiveness of the Active Cycle Breathing technique (ACT) nursing intervention in overcoming the problem of an ineffective airway through a series of respiratory control, deep breathing and sputum expulsion techniques. The method used is a single case study. Respondents of this study were patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis with broad lesions with bronchiectasis. The results showed that after being given ACT intervention for seven days, there was an increase in oxygenation status, a decrease in sputum, and shortness of breath. In conclusion, ACT intervention is effective in reducing airway clearance problems. Keywords: TB Bronchiectasis, Cycle Breathing Technique, Breathing Exercises, Wide Lesion TB, Pulmonary TB
The Role of Social Support on Resilience in People Living With HIV/AIDS : A Systematic Literature Review Firman Firman; Sri Yona; Allenidekania Allenidekania
Qanun Medika - Jurnal Kedokteran FK UMSurabaya Vol 6, No 2 (2022): Journal Qanun Medika Vol 6 No 02
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/jqm.v6i2.12922

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During the COVID-19 pandemic, it had a fairly heavy psychological impact, so resilience or resilience was needed, especially for people with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). This study is to determine the role of social support on resilience in people with HIV/AIDS. Resilience is a person's ability to adapt, survive and thrive in difficult situations. This study used a systematic literature review, which was carried out by means of a systematic review of several articles discussing social support and resilience in people with HIV/AIDS. Article criteria include international publication in English and full text. Article searches were carried out in February 2022 through 4 databases, namely PubMed, Wiley, Proquest, and Springer. Search using keyword ("PLWHA" AND "Social Support" OR "Perceived Social Supports" AND "Resilience" OR "Resiliences"). Articles were analyzed using JBI and Prisma tables. Based on the search for articles in the database, 217 articles were found, then selected through systematic stages so that eight selected journals were obtained. This systematic literature review found that social support was an important factor in increasing resilience in PLWHA. The most influential source of support was support from the family, namely: 30.4%, with (P=0.001). The perceived social support can reduce the impact of stress experienced. With high social support, it can reduce the use of harmful substances and increase ART adherence and contribute to improving the patient's health condition. In conclusion, perceived social support can play an important role, especially in increasing resilience, so it impacts the physical and psychological well-being of people living with HIV/AIDS.
Perceived benefit, perceived barrier dan dukungan sosial terhadap perawatan diri pasien setelah operasi Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Mulida Arifiati; Sri Yona; Tuti Herawati
Holistik Jurnal Kesehatan Vol 16, No 4 (2022)
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Keperawata Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/hjk.v16i4.7392

Abstract

Background: CABG surgery is one of the surgical treatments for CHD and improves the patient's quality of life. However, patients who have undergone CABG remain at risk for ischemic events. Cardiovascular secondary prevention plays an important role to maintain the long-term patency of the graft, slowing the atherosclerotic process. Behavior change is influenced by a person's belief to change and support around him. The beliefs that are considered to have an effect on the pattern of behavior change are perceived benefits and perceived barriers.Purpose: To determine the relationship between perceived benefit, perceived barrier, and social support to patient self-care after CABG surgery.Method: Cross-sectional design, with a sample size of 75 respondents, inclusion criteria: CABG surgery patients more than 6 months, Age more than 30 years.Results: From the analysis, there are four significant relationships with self-care, education p-value of 0.015, perceived benefit p-value of 0.001, perceived barrier with a p-value of 0.004, and social support p-value of 0.000. What is not significant is the age p-value of 0.631 and knowledge p-value of 0.418 Gender p-value of 0.357.Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between perceived benefit, perceived barrier, and social support for patient self-care after CABG surgery.Keywords: Perceived Benefit; Perceived Barriers; Social Support; Self Care; CABG.Pendahuluan: Operasi CABG merupakan salah satu penanganan bedah pada PJK dan meningkatkan kualitas pasien kehidupan baik. Namun pasien yang telah menjalani CABG tetap berisiko untuk kejadian iskemik. Pencegahan sekunder kardiovaskular memainkan peran penting untuk mempertahankan jangka panjang patensi cangkok, memperlambat proses aterosklerotik. Perubahan perilaku dipengaruhi oleh keyakinan seseorang untuk berubah dan dukungan disekitarnya. Keyakinan yang dianggap berpengaruh terhadap pola perubahan perilaku adalah perceived benefit dan perceived barrier.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan perceived benefit, perceived barrier dan dukungan sosial terhadap perawatan diri pasien setelah operasi CABG.Metode: Desain cross-secrtional, dengan jumlah sampel 75 responden, kriteria inklusi: Pasien operasi CABG lebih dari 6 bulan, Usia lebih dari 30 tahun.Hasil: Dari analisis terdapat empat hubungan yang bermakna terhadap perawatan diri, didapatkan pendidikan nilai p 0,015, perceived benefit nilai p 0,001, perceived barrier dengan nilai p 0,004 , dan dukungan social nilai p 0,000. Yang tidak bermakna yaitu usia nilai p 0.631dan pengetahuan nilai p 0.418 Jenis kelamin nilai p 0,357.Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna anatara perceived benefit, perceibved barrier, dan dukungan social terhadap perawatan diri pasien setelah operasi CABG.
Dampak Resistance Exercise terhadap Sirkulasi Perifer, Glycaemic Control dan Neuropati pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus I Putu Adi Suryawan; Debie Dahlia; Sri Yona; Dikha Ayu Kurnia
Jurnal Penelitian Kesehatan SUARA FORIKES Vol 13, No 3 (2022): Juli 2022
Publisher : FORIKES

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33846/sf13301

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One of the four pillars of the management of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is exercise. One form of exercise that can be done at home and can prevent complications in the blood vessels is Resistance Exercise. This article is a systematic review which aims to identify the effect of Resistance Exercise on increasing peripheral circulation, decreasing neuropathy symptoms and glycemic control in DM and pre-diabetic patients. The search sources used were Scopus, Embase, EBSCO, PubMed and ProQuest published from 2016 to 2021. Furthermore, 11 articles that met the criteria were obtained. The results of the study show that there are four main components of resistance exercise in controlling blood sugar, preventing neuropathy and increasing circulation, namely exercise consistency, exercise frequency and duration, exercise intensity, and repetition. Resistance exercise can be used as an alternative solution to foot circulation problems in DM patients, so that the risk of diabetic foot injuries can be prevented or reduced.Keywords: resistance exercise; diabetes mellitus; peripheral circulation  ABSTRAK Salah satu dari empat pilar penatalaksanaan Diabetes Mellitus (DM) adalah exercise. Salah satu bentuk exercise yang dapat dilakukan di rumah dan mampu mencegah komplikasi pada pembuluh darah adalah Resistance Exercise. Artikel ini berjenis systematic review yang bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh dari Resistance Exercise terhadap peningkatan sirkulasi perifer, penurunan gejala neuropati dan glycaemic control pada pasien DM maupun pra diabetes. Sumber pencarian yang digunakan adalah Scopus, Embase, EBSCO, PubMed dan ProQuest yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2016 sampai 2021. Selanjutnya diperoleh 11 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa terdapat empat komponen utama dari resistance exercise dalam mengontrol gula darah, mencegah neuropati dan meningkatkan sirkulasi yaitu konsistensi exercise, frekuensi dan durasi exercise, intensitas exercise, dan repetisi. Resistance Exercise dapat dijadikan alternatif solusi masalah sirkulasi kaki pada pasien DM, sehingga resiko terjadinya luka kaki diabetes dapat dicegah maupun dikurangi.Kata kunci: resistance exercise; diabetes mellitus; sirkulasi perifer
Correlation between Disclosure Status and Stress in Men who Have Sex with Men with HIV Edianto Edianto; Agung Waluyo; Sri Yona; Ina Martiana
Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia Vol 23 No 3 (2020): November
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.7454/jki.v23i3.1101

Abstract

Men who have Sex with Men Living with HIV (MSM-LWH) experience psychological and social problems including depression, anxiety, fear of infecting others, frustration, and social isolation. In addition there are also problems in relationships due to fear of social stigma such as problems in marriage, conflict in the family, lack of family support, economic difficulties, and social rejection by the family. This research aims to assess the relationship between HIV status disclosure with stress in Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) living with HIV in Medan, Indonesia. This a cross-sectional study with convenience sampling technique were used. 176 respondents were MSM, HIV positive, and live in Medan city area. Data was collected by means of HIV Status Disclosure Questionnaires, and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). In this research find that few 70.9% respondents had disclosed their status and about half reported stress. The disclosure of HIV status was significantly associated with Stress (P= 0,025). This study conclusions were HIV status disclosure can give negative effect for MSM living with HIV and becomes barrier to medical treatment and grow toward internal stress. Abstrak Hubungan antara Status Disclosure dengan Stres pada Lelaki yang Berhubungan Seks dengan Lelaki dengan HIV di Medan, Indonesia. Lelaki yang berhubungan seks dengan lelaki (LSL) yang hidup dengan HIV mengalami masalah psikologis dan sosial termasuk depresi, kecemasan, ketakutan menulari orang lain, frustasi dan isolasi sosial. Selain itu juga mengalami masalah dalam hubungan sosial karena takut akan stigma, konflik dalam keluarga, kurangnya dukungan keluarga, kesulitan ekonomi dan penolakan oleh keluarga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara status disclosure HIV dengan stress pada LSL yang hidup dengan HIV di Medan, Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah cross-sectional dengan menggunakan teknik convenience sampling. Sebanyak 176 responden LSL dengan HIV positif dan tinggal di wilayah kota Medan. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan HIV Status Disclosure Questionare dan Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa sebanyak 70,9% responden memiliki status disclosure HIV rendah, sementara itu sebanyak 55,1% resonden mengalami stress yang tinggi. Status disclosure HIV secara bermakna dikaitkan dengan stress (p= 0,025; α= 0,05). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa status disclosure HIV dapat memberikan efek negatif pada LSL yang hidup dengan HIV dan menjadi penghalang untuk perawatan medis dan meningkatkan stress internal. Kata Kunci: HIV, status disclosure, lelaki yeng berhubungan seks dengan lelaki, stres
A Secondary Analysis of Peer Support and Family Acceptance Among Homosexual Living with HIV and Antiretroviral Therapy: Quality of Life Perspectives Ina Martiana; Agung Waluyo; Sri Yona; Edianto Edianto
Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia Vol 24 No 1 (2021): March
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.7454/jki.v24i1.1095

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Men who have sex with men (MSM) comprise a population at risk for HIV infection. Assessing the Quality of Life (QOL) in MSM might be different than other populations. This study showed a secondary analysis from our previous research. It was needed to understand whether peer support and family acceptance had an impact on QOL of MSM living with HIV and ART (Antiretroviral Therapy). A total of 175 respondents were involved in this cross-sectional study that was carried out with purposive sampling. The questionnaires were translated to Bahasa and tested for validity and reliability. Data questionnaires completed were analyzed. Results showed that peer support was positively correlated with QOL (p= 0.023; OR= 2.070), and also, family acceptance was significantly related to QOL (p= 0.001; OR= 2.766). Thus, peer support and family acceptance are important factors affecting the well-being and QOL of MSM living with HIV and ART. This finding can be used for the improvement of QOL in people living with HIV. Abstrak Dukungan Sebaya dan Penerimaan Keluarga terhadap Kualitas Hidup Homoseksual dengan HIV dan Terapi Antiretroviral. Laki-laki yang berhubungan seks dengan laki-laki (LSL) merupakan populasi yang berisiko terinfeksi HIV. Menilai kualitas hidup (QOL) pada LSL mungkin berbeda dari populasi lainnya. Penelitian ini merupakan analisis sekunder dari penelitian sebelumnya. Kami menguji apakah dukungan sebaya dan penerimaan keluarga berdampak pada kualitas hidup pada LSL dengan HIV dan ART (terapi antiretroviral). Sebanyak 175 responden dilibatkan dalam studi cross-sectional yang dilakukan melalui purposive sampling. Data kuesioner yang sudah terisi komplit, akan dilakukan analisa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dukungan sebaya berhubungan positif dengan kualitas hidup (p= 0,023; OR= 2,070) dan juga penerimaan keluarga secara signifikan berhubungan dengan kualitas hidup (p= 0,001; OR= 2,766). Dengan demikian, dukungan sebaya dan penerimaan keluarga merupakan variabel penting yang mempengaruhi kesejahteraan dan kualitas hidup LSL yang hidup dengan HIV dan ART. Temuan ini dapat digunakan untuk peningkatan QOL pada orang dengan HIV. Kata Kunci: dukungan sebaya, HIV, kualitas hidup, penerimaan keluarga
Developing Karo Culture-Based Spiritual Intervention Model to Reduce HIV/AIDS Stigma Elysabeth Sinulingga; Agung Waluyo; Sri Yona; Tris Yonado
Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies Vol. 2 No. 6 (2022): Journal Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies
Publisher : Green Publisher Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2749.962 KB) | DOI: 10.59188/eduvest.v2i6.483

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Introduction: People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) experience various problems after being diagnosed with HIV, both physically and psychosocially. These problems cause PLWHA to close themselves so that they are not known to others because they feel stigmatised. This problem can cause PLWHA to continue stigmatising themselves and transmit HIV again to their partners or other people. This study aimed to develop a Karo culture-sensitive spiritual intervention model to prevent HIV stigma. Methods: Developing an intervention using the PATH (Problem – Analysis – Test – Help) method proposed by Buunk and Vugt (2008). Result: This model was developed based on cultural care theory and input from experts. Before the model development, the researcher had conducted preliminary studies both in qualitative and quantitative studies. The qualitative research established 14 themes, while the multivariant analysis found religiosity prevent HIV prevention dominantly. Conclusion: Developing a Karo culture-sensitive spiritual intervention model produces models, modules and pocketbooks in Karo culture-sensitive spiritual intervention to prevent HIV stigma.
Intervensi terhadap Keterbukaan Status HIV pada Orang dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA): Studi Literatur Regina Situmorang; Sri Yona
Jurnal Keperawatan Vol 15 No 2 (2023): Jurnal Keperawatan: Juni 2023
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Kendal

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (327.268 KB) | DOI: 10.32583/keperawatan.v15i2.935

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Keterbukaan status HIV menjadi hal yang penting dalam mencegah dan mengurangi penularan HIV di masyarakat. Dengan mengungkapkan status HIV kepada pasangan seks atau pasangan berbagi jarum, akan memungkinkan setiap orang mengambil langkah-langkah agar tetap sehat. Meskipun demikian, tingkat keterbukaan status HIV masih tergolong rendah. Hal ini menunjukkan perlunya intervensi untuk membantu ODHA melakukan keterbukaan status HIV. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah melakukan peninjauan literatur terkait apakah intervensi yang meningkatkan keterbukaan status HIV ODHA. Studi ini menggunakan studi literatur dari database Sage Journal, PROQUEST, Scopus, Ebsco, Springer Link,  dan Clinical Key. Kriteria artikel yang digunakan adalah yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2017-2022. Dalam enam database elektronik yang digunakan, ditemukan 42.945 artikel terkait topik ini dan sepuluh artikel yang digunakan untuk ditelaah lebih lanjut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sembilan dari sepuluh studi intervensi terkait keterbukaan status HIV terbukti dalam meningkatkan keterbukaan status HIV pada ODHA dengan p value < 0.001.