Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education
Biosaintifika Journal of Biology & Biology Education, an electronic international journal, provides a forum for publishing the original research articles, review articles from contributors, and the novel technology news related to biological research and biological education.
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<![CDATA[Biomass Production of Gynura procumbens Adventitious Roots in Different Type of Liquid Culture ]]>
<![CDATA[Manuhara, Yosephine Sri Wulan]]>;
<![CDATA[Kusuma, Dannis Yuda]]>;
<![CDATA[Sari, Rafika Lailiyatul Kurnia]]>;
<![CDATA[Kristanti, Alfinda Novi]]>
<![CDATA[ Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 9, No 3 (2017): December 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v9i3.9670
<![CDATA[Gynura procumbens has a potency to produce raw material for pharmaceutical industry. Liquid culture systems have significant effects on multiplication rates of organ, so the propagation technology to increase biomass of this plant or organ using the liquid culture system was necessary. This research was conducted to compare biomass production of adventitious roots of G. procumbens in different liquid culture (shake flask, temporary immersion bioreactor and balloon-type bubble bioreactor). Adventitious roots culture was maintained in Murashige and Skoog liquid medium supplemented with IBA (indole butyric acid) 5 mg/L and different concentrations of sucrose (10, 30, 50 g/L). Result showed that the highest biomass production (fresh weight) was in shake flask that was 3.9-fold higher than initial explant, while in temporary immersion system was 5.12-fold higher than initial explant, and in balloon- type bubble bioreactor was 13.1-fold higher than initial explant. The highest enhancement of adventitious roots was occurred at sucrose supplementation of 50 g/L. Based on this research we found that the best type of liquid culture to increase biomass of G. procumbens adventitious roots was balloon-type bubble bioreactor. Scaling-up of adventitious root culture are necessary to fulfill the need of raw material for pharmaceutical industry and ballon-type bubble bioreactor was the most suitable method to scale up the performance.]]>
<![CDATA[Contribution of Plantation Forest on Wild Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) Pollinators Conservation in Mount Slamet, Central Java, Indonesia ]]>
<![CDATA[Widhiono, Imam]]>;
<![CDATA[Sudiana, Eming]]>;
<![CDATA[Yani, Edy]]>
<![CDATA[ Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 9, No 3 (2017): December 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v9i3.10652
<![CDATA[Wild bee pollinators (Hymenoptera : Apiade) diversity and abundance were studied in three types of plantation forest on Mt. Slamet (Central Java Province, Indonesia). The aims of the research was to know the diversity and abundance of wild bee pollinators and to determine the possibility of plantation forest contribution on wild bees conservation. Sampling has been done at three stands: a pine forest (PF, with Pinus merkusii), an Agathis forest (AF, with Agathis damara) and a community forest (CF, with Albizia falctaria). Each habitat was divided into 5 line transect (100 x 5 m) and sweep nets were used to collect the wild bee samples. Sampling was done eah month from April to August 2015. The diversity of wild bees was high (12 species in 9 genera; members of the Apidae (7 species were dominant). The most abundant species across the forests were Apis cerana (343 individuals; 25.5% of total), Trigona laeviceps (195 individuals; 14.5%), and Megachille relativa (165 individuals; 12.3%). Measurements of species diversity (H), species evenness (E), habitat similarity (Ss) and species richness indicated that the wild bee species diversity in the region was relatively high (H = 1.275) to (H = 1.730);(E= 0.870) to (E = 0.93). The result showed that the diversity of wild bees in three different plantation forest habitats on Mt. Slamet were similar and can be concluded that plantation forest types were important for pollinator conservation, and an appropriate future preservation strategy should include of the areas of all plantation forest types.]]>
<![CDATA[Ecological Factors Determining Abundance of Parasitic Mites on Aedes spp. Larvae ]]>
<![CDATA[Firmansyah, Nurhadi Eko]]>;
<![CDATA[Soviana, Susi]]>;
<![CDATA[Budianto, Bambang Heru]]>
<![CDATA[ Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 9, No 3 (2017): December 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v9i3.11458
<![CDATA[Ability to infestation and abundance of parasitic mites in Aedes spp. larvae cannot be separated from the influence of various factors. Ecological factors have been suggested to play a role determine the presence of parasitic mites that under certain conditions become a key factor in determining the abundance of parasitic mites on Aedes spp. larvae. The aim of this study to determine the ecological factors affect the abundance of parasitic mites on Aedes spp. larvae in Bogor Regency. Capturing of Aedes spp. larvae was performed directly on the habitats found in indoor and outdoor. Capturing mites in the body of Aedes spp. larvae was performed using insect forceps. Ecological factors measured were dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, temperature, and total dissolved solid (TDS). The influence of ecological factors was analyzed using regression and correlation analysis. The result of mite identification has been obtained three species of mites that are Halacarus sp., Histiostoma sp., and Hydrozetes sp. The result indicated that total dissolved solid (TDS) and temperature was the factors that determined the abundance of mites. The factors of pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO) did not determine the abundance of parasitic mites of Aedes spp. larvae. The research result can be further developed as a new alternative to Dengue Hemorraghic Fever control and provide information on parasitic mites that infest Aedes spp. larvae. In addition, this results become an early step in controlling of Aedes spp. strategy platform by the parasitic mites.]]>
<![CDATA[The Conservation Efforts of Wood Apple, An Identity Plant of Rembang Regency, Based on Ethnobotany Study ]]>
<![CDATA[Rahayu, Enni Suwarsi]]>;
<![CDATA[Dewi, Nur Kusuma]]>;
<![CDATA[Herlina, Lina]]>;
<![CDATA[Widiatningrum, Talitha]]>
<![CDATA[ Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 9, No 3 (2017): December 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v9i3.11542
<![CDATA[Feronia limonia (L.) Swingle better known as wood apple is an identity plant of Rembang Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. However, the population is very limited. In order to identify the conservation efforts, this ethnobotany study was aimed to determine traditional knowledge on the existence, economic value, utility, breeding technique and conservation of wood apple. The survey was conducted on a total of 102 local people from 10 sub-districts which were determined by proportionally stratified random sampling. Data were collected by questionnaires and individual interviews and then were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that all of respondents knew the figure of wood apple, but only 79.50% understood its status as an identity plant. Most of respondents (96%) stated that the fruits have low economic value, 80.39% respondents have utilized ripe fruit as ingredients of beverages and stems as firewood. This utilization was only equal to 29.72% compared to the potential usability based on research results. It was concluded that the traditional knowledge about the existence, economic value, and breeding technique were good and on the contrary, the knowledge about the plants usability was bad. The results will form a basic knowledge for in-depth studies to provide a government policy of Rembang Regency in order to develop an efficient strategy of management and conservation of wood apple as plant identity.]]>
<![CDATA[Cryopreservation of Aceh Swamp Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Semen with Combination of Glycerol and Lactose ]]>
<![CDATA[Eriani, Kartini]]>;
<![CDATA[Sari, Nisa]]>;
<![CDATA[Rosnizar, Rosnizar]]>;
<![CDATA[Dasrul, Dasrul]]>;
<![CDATA[Suhartono, Suhartono]]>;
<![CDATA[Rizal, Muhammad]]>
<![CDATA[ Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 9, No 3 (2017): December 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v9i3.11426
<![CDATA[Aceh swamp buffaloes(Bubalus bubalis) are decreasing their population and genetic quality. This study was conducted to determine the influence of lactose and glycerol cryoprotectants on spermatozoa of Aceh swamp buffaloesafterthawing.This study used completelya factorial randomized design with nine treatments, and five replications.Fresh semen of the Aceh swamp buffalowere diluted by using a combination extender lactose cryoprotectants 0 mM (L0), 60 mM (L60), 120 mM(L120) and glycerol 3% (G3), 5% (G5), 7% (G7) with the equilibration of 4 hours.The results showed that the combination of cryoprotectants L120G7 influenced significantly (P < 0.05) on the quality of spermatozoa of the Aceh swamp buffalo(B. bubalis)after thawing.The percentage of sperm motility L120G7 (42.60 1.14);viability L120G7 (55.00 0.71);acrosome integrity L120G7 (52.00 0.71); and plasma membrane integrity L120G7(53.20 1.48). The combination of lactose cryoprotectants 120 mM (L120) and glycerol 7% (G7) was the best combination to maintain the quality of spermatozoa of swamp buffalo. This finding could be used to define a policy for the spermatozoa storage of Aceh swamp buffalo to artificial insemination (AI).]]>
<![CDATA[Endophytic Actinobacteria from Rhododendron spp. as an Antibacterial Agent ]]>
<![CDATA[Fitriandini, Risa]]>;
<![CDATA[Budiarti, Sri]]>;
<![CDATA[Lestari, Yulin]]>
<![CDATA[ Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 9, No 3 (2017): December 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v9i3.10323
<![CDATA[Rhododendron has long been known to treat various diseases including diarrhea, but diversity and potency of its endophytic actinobacteria has not been studied. The objectives of this research were to explore the existence of endophytic actinobacteria from Rododendron spp. and assesed their antibacterial activity, as an effort to control the growth of bacterial pathogen resistant to some antibiotics. The endophytes were isolated from Rhododendron spp. using HV medium, and purified in ISP2 medium. The antibacterial activity was assayed against Enteropathogenic Escerichia coli (EPEC) K1.1 resistant to ampicillin and Bacillus pumilus. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value, macroscopic and microscopic were examined. Twenty three of endophytic actinobacteria were successfully isolated from 7 Rhododendron species. Two of them, i.e. RJkb1 and RJkb3 isolates, had high antibacterial activity, with 17.2 mm and 14.5 mm inhibition zone against EPEC K1-1, respectively; and 12.4 mm and 16.1 mm inhibition zone against B. pumilus, respectively. The highest antibacterial activity for both RJkb1 and RJkb3 isolates was achieved at day 15, at 28 oC. At 250 g/mL to 1750 g/mL either RJkb1 or RJkb3 supernatant showed no activity against EPEC K1-1. The MIC value against B. pumilus was at 1250 g/mL for both tested isolates. Under an electron microscope observation, cell morphology of the treated B. pumilus showed elongated cells and viewer in cell number, compared with the untreated one. From this work, the existence of endophytic actinobacteria from Rhododendron spp. and their antibacterial activity contribute to the understanding of their diversity and potency as antibacterial agent.]]>
<![CDATA[Exploration of Mango Fruits (Mangifera indica) as ?-Glucosidase Inhibitors ]]>
<![CDATA[Putri, Nadia Prilliane]]>;
<![CDATA[Nursyamsi, Khalida Shabiba]]>;
<![CDATA[Prayogo, Yanico Hadi]]>;
<![CDATA[Sari, Dina Ragillia]]>;
<![CDATA[Budiarti, Eka]]>;
<![CDATA[Batubara, Irmanida]]>
<![CDATA[ Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 9, No 3 (2017): December 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v9i3.10516
<![CDATA[Mango fruit (Mangifera indica L.) is the tropical fruit that grows easily in Indonesia with plenty varieties. This study aimed to determine the varieties of mango fruit and the most potent part of mango as antidiabetic agent through ?-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Four types of mango fruit (indramayu, manalagi, harum manis, and budiraja) were used in this study. Each part of the mango fruit:peel, flesh, endosperm, and endocarp were extracted by maceration process with three different solvents (n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and ethanol (EtOH)). An ability of all 46 extracts in inhibiting the ?-glucosidase at a concentration of 500 ppm were determined. Then 11 extracts with the high inhibition value were determined their IC50 (concentration to inhibit 50% activity) values. EtOAc extract of manalagi, indramayu, and budi raja endosperm had the lowest IC50 value which was not statistically significantly different (at 95%) with EtOAc extract of budi raja peel. The bioautographic Thin Layer Chromatogram showed that the most active band is characterized by white luminescence under UV 366 nm, yellow color under UV 254 and visible light. The band with Rf 0.93 from EtOAc endosperm extract of indramayu and manalagi and Rf 0.73 from EtOAc budi raja peel extract are the most active band which predicted as a flavonoid. The result adds the value of the peel and seed of mango, as well as an alternative in blood sugar control, which is easy to obtain, relatively cheap, and liked by the community.]]>
<![CDATA[Genetic Variability of Local Corn Cultivars from Kisar Island Southwest Maluku Regency using Microsatellite Molecular Marker ]]>
<![CDATA[Sinay, Hermalina]]>;
<![CDATA[Karuwal, Ritha Lusian]]>
<![CDATA[ Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 9, No 3 (2017): December 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v9i3.8512
<![CDATA[This research aim was to reveal the genetic variability of local corn cultivars from Kisar Island using microsatellite molecular marker. The use of microsatellite markers is based on one reasons that the genetic information is polymorphic, and will be better to identify genetic diversity of plants including corn. Corn cultivars used were obtained from farmer in Kisar Island, and three reference varieties as outgroup were obtained from Institute of Cereals in Maros South Sulawesi. Polymerase chain reaction was conducted following the protocols from Fast Start kit (Qiagen-USA). The data obtained then analyzed with MVSP 3.1A Software for dendogram construction. The results showed that the appearance of DNA bands was vary (monomorphic and polymorphic) for local cultivars as well as reference varieties, with one or two bands on each primer. Based on the dendogram, there are three main clusters with similarity index ranged from 20% -100%. It can be concluded that there is very low similarity and distant kinship of local cultivars. The novelty of this research is knowing kinship relationship between local corn in Kisar Island which is not known yet. This results is expected to provide benefits regarding the breeding program, and for instance, it can be an important information regarding the development of local corn as a source in assembly the superior corn cultivars.]]>
<![CDATA[The Effect of Biofertilizer on The Diversity of N2O Reducing Bacteria in Paddy Fields of Sukabumi, Indonesia ]]>
<![CDATA[Cahyadi, Alfan]]>;
<![CDATA[Rusmana, Iman]]>;
<![CDATA[Mubarik, Nisa Rachmania]]>
<![CDATA[ Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 9, No 3 (2017): December 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v9i3.9796
<![CDATA[Some of the methanotrophic bacteria and N2O reducing bacteria have been proven to be able to support the plant growth and increase the productivity of paddy. However effect of the methanotrophic and N2O reducing bacteria application as a biofertilizer to indigenous N2O reducing bacteria is still not well known yet. The aim of this study was to analyze the diversity of N2O reducing bacteria in lowland paddy soil based on a nosZ gene. Soil samples were taken from lowland paddy soils in Pelabuhan Ratu Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia. There were two treatments for the paddy field soil, ie. biofertilizer-treated field 20% fertilizer (50 kg/ha) with the addition of biofertilizer and 100% fertilizer. PCR amplification of nosZ gene was successfully conducted using nosZF and nosZR primer pair. Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) process was conducted at 150 V for 5.5h. There were three differences nosZ bands were sequenced. The phylogenetic analysis showed that they were close to uncultured bacteria. Microbial diversity in the biofertilizer-treated field was higher than that of in the 100% fertilizer-treated field. The biofertilizer treatment has higher in microbial diversity than that of applied non-biofertilizer paddy fields. This research might have impact in the application of biofertilizers due to the emission of N2O as a green house gas from paddy fields farming activity. The biofertilizer has great potential application in sustainable environmental friendly agriculture systems.]]>
<![CDATA[Growth and Protein Content Establishment of Pleurotus ostreatus on Liquid and Solid Medium ]]>
<![CDATA[Mumpuni, Aris]]>;
<![CDATA[Ekowati, Nuraeni]]>;
<![CDATA[Purnomowati, Purnomowati]]>;
<![CDATA[Purwati, Endang Sri]]>
<![CDATA[ Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 9, No 3 (2017): December 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v9i3.11660
<![CDATA[Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation is performed using solid medium to harvest fruit body and using liquid medium to harvest mycelia in submerged culture. Modifying nutrients in the medium to increase protein content of the fruitbody and mycelia can be done through addition of nitrogen-containing materials. This study aims to determine: the appropriate composition of the liquid medium for high mycelial growth and protein content; and the exact composition of the solid medium to obtain high fruitbody product and protein content. The method was experimental with completely randomized design (CRD). The treatments were incubation of P. ostreatus on three types of liquid medium and four types of solid medium. The results showed that the optimal liquid medium composition for mycelial growth was Liquid Fermentation Medium 1 (FC1) with 10% corn fluor, and the highest protein content was in Liquid Fermentation Medium 2 (FC2 = 29.76%). While the optimal solid medium composition for fruitbody production was the medium with 3% corn starch supplement (TJ3), and the highest protein content was obtained from the medium without corn starch supplement (TJ0=24.69%). The increase of mycelial and fruitbody weight from the medium with the addition of corn material indicated a prospective in cultivation process, however effort to increase protein content of the fruit body needs further research. Cultivating P. ostreatus in mycelial phase may take shorter incubation time, may be produced in mass production with less space consuming, and higher protein content than that by producing fruitbody.]]>
