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INDONESIA
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Published by Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia
ISSN : 08544425     EISSN : 2338834X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 34 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 10, No 2 (2014): Jurnal Biologi Indonesia" : 34 Documents clear
Isolation and Disease Assessment of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae from Java Island and Pathogenic Assay on Near Isogenic Lines with Different Resistant Genes ., Fatimah; Priyatno, TP.; Fadlillah, SH.; ., Hermanto; Baroya, M.; ., Mahrup; ., Wawan; Sasongko, D.; Suryadi, Y.; Kadir, TS.
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 10, No 2 (2014): Jurnal Biologi Indonesia
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v10i2.2104

Abstract

Bacterial leaf blight disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (Xoo) is one of the important bacterial diseases,which is very destructive to rice plant. In this study, seventy isolates of Xoo were collected from several regions inWest Java, Central Java, Yogyakarta and East Java provinces and ten isolates from ICABIOGRAD collection. Theaim of the study was to survey variation and distribution of the pathogen and to study the interactions between theisolates and near isogenic lines carrying specific genes for bacterial leaf blight resistance. Twenty Xoo isolates wererandomly chosen to assess the differential characteristics of ten near-isogenic rice lines in Indonesia. The resultsshowed that xa5 resistant gene was the highest effective against the majority of Xoo isolate, followed by Xa21, andXa7 combined with Xa4 as the background. These findings are useful for rice breeding programs in designing stablebroad-spectrum bacterial blight resistant rice cultivars.Key words: Xanthomonas oryzae, resistant gene, Near isogenic line, Java
Performa Pertumbuhan Kukang Jawa (Nycticebus javanicus E. Geoffroy,1812) yang Diberi Tambahan Biskuit dan Monkey Chow dalam Pakan Farida, Wartika Rosa; Astuti, Wulansih Dwi; Sari, Andri Permata
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 10, No 2 (2014): Jurnal Biologi Indonesia
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v10i2.2109

Abstract

This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of biscuits and monkey chow in the feed to the growthperformance of java slow loris (Nycticebus javanicus E. Geoffroy, 1812). Research has been conducted in CaptivitySmall Mammals, Zoology Division, Research Center for Biology - LIPI for 52 days consisted of a 10 days period offeed adaptation and 42 days (6 weeks) period of data collection. The material used is six java slow loris aged 1 - 1,5years consisted of three males and three females. Alternative feed given during the study were banana (Musa sp.),papaya (Carica papaya), fuji apple (Malus domestica), pear (Pyrus amygdaliformis), guava (Psidium guajava),cucumber (Cucumis sativus), sweet potato (Ipomea batatas), boiled quail eggs, biscuits sprinkled with sugar, monkeychow, crickets, and mealworm. Parameters measured were feed intake, body weight gain, feed efficiency, and totaldigestible nutrients (TDN). The data were analyzed using analysis of variance, followed by Duncans multiplerange test. The results showed the average of dry matter intake in PII (45.89 g / head / day) was significantly higher(P <0.05) than that in PI (43.19 g / head / day) and P0 (42,17g / head / day. The average of body weight gain ofslow loris in PI> PII> P0, namely respectively 3.49 g / head / day, 3.41 g / head / day, and 3.15 g / head / day,while the feed efficiency in the treatment PI> P0> PII, respectively 8.20%, 7.47%, and 7.44%. The average oftotal digestible nutrients (TDN) of slow loris in PI (96.33%) was significantly higher (P <0.05) than that in PII(92.91%) and P0 (85.50%). The data of nutrient consumption can be used as a basis for the preparation of rationsand feed for slow loris in captivity.Key words: growth, feed efficiency, Nycticebus javanicus, captive breeding
Variasi Jumlah Kromosom Planlet Taraxacum officinale Weber ex FH. Wigg Hasil Regenerasi in vitro dari Eksplan Akar, Helai Daun dan Tangkai Daun Ermayanti, Tri Muji; Lestari, Indah; Salamah, Andi
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 10, No 2 (2014): Jurnal Biologi Indonesia
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (388.648 KB) | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v10i2.2081

Abstract

Taraxacum officinale Weber ex F. H. Wigg. is a herbaceous medicinal plant species belonging family Asteraceasewhich has apomictic and poliploid characteristics. Multiplication of shoots using tissue culture was used to obtaindefine high quality seedlings, uniform, stable or free of diseases. However, changes in chromosome number canoccur in regenerated plants. The research aim was to determine the chromosome number of T. officinale plants regeneratedfrom culture in vitro using explants of roots, petioles and leaf blades. Therefore, selection of regenerantscan be done in order to find out transplants which have high yield of secondary metabolites. Analysis of chromosomenumber from root tips samples was conducted using 24 plantlets regenerated from root, 27 plantlets regeneratedfrom leaf blade, 21 plants regenerated from petiole and 102 roots of grown seeds using orcein squash method.The results showed that germinating seeds (control) and regenerated plants had variation in chromosome number.The range of chromosome numbers from regenerated plants were 2n=8-39, and cells with diploid number (2n = 2x= 16) was as most observed. The range numbers in germinated seeds were 2n=10-38, and cells with triploid number(2n = 3x = 24) was as most observed. This results proved that variation in numbers of chromosome was caused byapomixis and poliploid characteristics of the parent plant regenerated to their regenerants.Keywords : Taraxacum officinale. Weber ex F. H. Wigg, in vitro regeneration, variasi, chromosome
Pengembangan Teknik Kariotipe Mencit (Development Karyotypes Technique of Mice) Mubarok, Husni; Pewitasari, Dyah; Maryanto, Ibnu
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 10, No 2 (2014): Jurnal Biologi Indonesia
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1068.042 KB) | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v10i2.2110

Abstract

Tidak ada Abstrak
Uji Patologi Spodoptera exigua Nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeNPV) pada Larva Spodoptera exigua Huebner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) ,, Samsudin; Santoso, Teguh
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 10, No 2 (2014): Jurnal Biologi Indonesia
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (331.01 KB) | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v10i2.2080

Abstract

Spodoptera exigua nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeNPV) is an entomophathogenic virus of S. exigua larvae commonly usedas bioinsecticide. This research was aimed to 1) study the symptoms of SeNPV infection on the S. exigua larvae inthe laboratory, 2) examine the virulence of SeNPV on the 3rd instar of S. exigua larvae and (3) find out the optimalconcentration of polyhedra and harvesting time. The infection of SeNPV on the S. exigua larvae was inhibitedmolting process and disturbing larval growth. The color of infected larvae gradually changed become more dark,and at the end of infection, larvae died with fragile and broken integument. Infected larvae showed reduction infeeding activities. The LC50 of SeNPV on 3rd instar larvae in the laboratory was estimated 6.65 x 105 POBs/ml.The polyhedra concentration used for virus propagation was 5.88 x 106 POBs/ml. The optimal harvesting time was5 days after inoculation, where most of the infected larvae had died but the body still intact.Keywords: Pathology, symptom, virulence, Spodoptera exigua, SeNPV
Rapid Assessment on Biodiversity in Logged Forest of Tesso Nilo, Riau Province, Sumatra Prawiradilaga, Dewi M.; ., Purwaningsih; Susiarti, Siti; Sidik, Irvan; Suyanto, A.; Rachmatika, Ike; Noerdjito, Woro A.; Marakarmah, A.; Sinaga, M. H.; Cholik, E.; Saim, A.
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 10, No 2 (2014): Jurnal Biologi Indonesia
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (310.132 KB) | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v10i2.2106

Abstract

Tesso Nilo area which is located at Riau province covers an area of 188.00 ha. Recently, it is famous because of asharply increased in encroachment activities for forest conversion, especially for oil palm plantations and villagesites. It was conducted in logged forest around Segati river, Toro river, Mamahan river and Sawan river in June2003. The results showed that the area had the high richness of plant species which was indicated by the high valueof Mennhenick index. Records from the 1 ha studied plot identified a total of 360 species included 165 genera and57 families with 215 tree species 305 sapling species. Some important tree species which were included in the RedList of IUCN were ‘gaharu’ (Aquilaria malaccensis), ‘ramin’ (Gonystylus bancanus), Shorea spp. and Dipterocarpusspp. The local community utilized 83 species of medicinal plants and 4 species of toxic plants for fishing. The totalnumber of recorded bird species was 114 species represented 29% of the total Sumatran bird species. The mostimportant bird species were the Wrinkled Hornbill (Aceros corrugatus), Crestless Fireback (Lophuraerythrophthalma), Crested Fireback (Lophura ignita) and Hooked-billed Bulbul (Setornis criniger). The total numberof recorded mammal species was 34 species or 16.5% of 206 species of Sumatran mammals. The most importantmammal species included Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae), Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximussumatrensis), the Sun bear (Helarctos malayanus) and three species of primates: Hylobates agilis, Presbytis femoralisand Macaca nemestrina. The herpetofauna contained 15 reptile species and 18 amphibian species. The mostimportant herpetofauna was the endangered False Gharial (Tomistoma schlegelii) and the vulnerable Common Softshelledturtle (Amyda cartilaginea). The number of recorded fish species was 50 represented 18% of the totalSumatran fish species (272 species). The important fish species were Breinsteinea sp. and Chaca bankanensis whichwere unique and rare. Since insects are the largest group of animal, this study only focused on beetles. Theidentified beetles were classified into 644 species and 34 families. The important beetles were the Longhorn beetles(Cerambycidae) and the Scarab beetles (Scarabaeidae).The small mammal parasites consisted of ectoparasites whichwere categorized into 14 species and endoparasites which were categorized into 2 orders and 3 species.Keywords: biodiversity, logged forest, richness, Sumatran tiger, Sumatran elephant
Tepung Tawar: Keanekaragaman Hayati dan Jejak Budaya di Pegunungan Meratus Royyani, Mohammad Fathi
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 10, No 2 (2014): Jurnal Biologi Indonesia
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v10i2.2101

Abstract

The biodiversity used by people as a form of interaction between humans and the environment. The biodiversity isa footstep of the interaction among humans. Tepung Tawar is the concept of biodiversity utilization by localcommunality. It is only the interaction between biodiversity and user but beyond biodiversity utilization namelythe interaction among the local. Through ethnographic studies, it is known that the use of plants by Meratuspeople have long history. In this case, tepung tawar is the field in which humans perform another interpretation ofreality. Tepung tawar also is agreement between the two traditions together to save the practices commonlyperformed by the public, religiously and traditionality.Keywords: biodiversity, custom, meratus, mutual interaction, religion
Fenotipe Virus Avian Influenza (AI) Subtipe H5N1 Berbeda Karakter Genetik di Indonesia Dharmayanti, NLP Indi; Indriani, Risa; Hartawan, Risza; Ratnawati, Atik
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 10, No 2 (2014): Jurnal Biologi Indonesia
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v10i2.3031

Abstract

In Indonesia, data on the phenotype of AI virus subtype H5N1 is very limited, due to the facilities for such testingshould be performed in a laboratory Biosafety level III. Additionally influenza virus has a high error rate duringtranscription of their genome has low RNA polymerase. High error rates generate quasispecies. In this study, wedid some H5N1 viruses infection with different genetic variations and conducted DNA sequencing in severalorgans. To determine the possible emergence detection of quasispecies in different organs and until the virus wasexcreted. We tested the hypothesis that the quasispecies might arise from virus that was infected to theexperimental animals. The results of this study showed that the AI virus subtype H5N1 had different phenotypes inanimal depending on their genetic character. AI virus subtype H5N1 killed chickens within 48-72 hoursdepending on the genetic character of the virus. New AI viruses of subtype H5N1 caused more severe organdamage severe than the character of the old AI viruses. Adaptation of virus in each organ also proved that the viruslikely create variations/quasispecies, which was different from the viral origin.Keywords: Phenotypes, avian influenza, H5N1, genetic character, quasispecies
Potensi Serapan Gas Karbondioksida (CO2) Pada Jenis-Jenis Pohon Pelindung Jalan Mansur, Muhammad; Pratama, Bayu Arief
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 10, No 2 (2014): Jurnal Biologi Indonesia
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v10i2.2079

Abstract

A Study of Potential Absorption of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) in Wayside Trees in Bogor City around was conductedin April to May 2013 by using a portable LCi ADC Bioscientific Ltd. Photosynthesis System. Inventory of waysidetrees species in the site was done by surveys, and sixty-three samples from twenty-one species of wayside trees havebeen measured. This study for determined the ability of CO2 absorption in each species of wayside trees species.Twenty one species of wayside trees were recorded. Angsana (Pterocarpus indicus), Mahogany (Swieteniamacrophylla), Walnuts (Canarium indicum), and Tanjung (Mimusops elengii) were common wayside trees planted inBogor and surrounding areas. The highest rate of CO2 absorption was recorded for Kersen (Muntingia calabura) onaverage of 23.92 μmol/m2/s , followed by the Bintaro (Cerbera manghas) 16.42 μmol/m2/s, Dadap (Erythrina cristagalli)16.38 μmol/m2/s, and Trembesi (Albizia saman) 15.87 μmol/m2/s. A common planted species in the rangebetween 8 to 13 μmol/m2/s, such as; Angsana (Pterocarpus indicus) 12,79 μmol/m2/s, Walnuts (Canariumindicum) 9,39 μmol/m2/s, Tanjung (Mimusops elengi) 8,72 μmol/m2/s and Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) 8,30μmol/m2/s. While the lowest CO2 absorption is Burahol (Stelechocarpus burahol) 7.16 μmol/m2/s, BungaSaputangan (Maniltoa grandiflora) 7.89 μmol/m2/s and Damar (Agathis alba) 7.86 μmol/m2/s. There were positivecorrelation between transpiration rate with CO2 absorption rate and stomatal conductance on all the tree specieswere measured.Keywords: CO2 absorption, wayside trees, Bogor.
The Effects of NPK fertilizer, Manure and Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM) on the Growth, Biomass and Artemisinin Content of Artemisia annua L. Rahman, Wiguna; Widyatmoko, Didik; Lelono, Arthur A.
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 10, No 2 (2014): Jurnal Biologi Indonesia
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (257.569 KB) | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v10i2.2107

Abstract

Most artemisinin is extracted from an annual herb Artemisia annua L. but the cultivation in Indonesia is limited bythe low yield of the artemisin incontent that is not economically beneficial to industry. Improvement on cultivatedvarieties and cultivation techniques is therefore needed. This work aims to improve the cultivation techniques byevaluating the application effects of NPK, manure, and VAM on the artemisinin yield of A. annua. The experimentwas set using a Split Split Plot Design involving three factors. First factor was the application of four dosages ofNPK (0 kg ha-1 as a control; 40:40:40 kg ha-1; 80:80:80 kg ha-1; and 120:120:120 kg ha-1). Second factor wasmanure addition (using 0 ton ha-1 and 150 tons ha-1). Third factor wasthe application of mycorrhiza (0 g plant-1and15 g plant-1). The experiment was divided into three different groups based on the seed sources (Bandung, Cibodas,and Tawangmangu plants) using similar treatments. The results showed that the plant growth (Relative GrowthRates/RGR of plant heights and number of branches), leaf yield, and total plant biomass were much affected byNPK. The addition of manure has less significant effect on those parameters. Only VAM seems to influence theartemisinin content. The highest artemisinin yield (5 kg ha-1) was relatively low when compared to the productionin USA, China, and Brazil. However the result shows that a low fertilizer input of 40:40:40 kg NPK ha-1 and aninoculation of VAM were recommended for cultivating A. annua resulting a significantly high yield of artemisinin.Keywords: Artemisia annua L., Artemisinin content, NPK, Manure, VAM, Plant Growth, Biomass

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