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MANUFACTURE OF PLASTICS FILM CONTAINING OF POLYSTIRENE, POLYCAPROLACTONE, POLY(3-HIDROKSIBUTYRATE-CO-3- HIDROXYVALERATE) AND BIODEGRADATION STUDY IN OCEAN WATER Dewi, Asiska Permata; Zaini, Erizal; Djamaan, Akmal
Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol 7, No 2 (2014): March
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jrk.v7i2.167

Â ABSTRACTThe manufacture of a biodegradable plastics film containing of polymer synthetic polystyrene(PS) and biopolymer of polycaprolactone (PCL), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)[P(3HB-ko-3HV)] and biodegradation study in ocean water has been carried out. Plastics filmcontaining of PS/PCL/P(3HB-ko-3HV) produced by blending techniques followed by solventcasting with ratios were of 100/0/0, 95/5/0, 95/0/5, 90/5/5, 85/10/5, 85/5/10. This testing wasconducted based on immersion test method recommend by American Society for Testing andMaterials. Poly blend plastics film PS/PCL/P(3HB-ko-3HV) were characterized by tensilestrength, thermal properties and SEM analysis. The profiles of the rate biodegradation view byweight reduction of the tested plastic film for 1-7 weeks period. Tensile strength analysisshowed the decreasing of tensile strength with the addition of P(3HB-ko-3HV). Thermalanalysis showed a decreasing in the melting point with the addition of PCL and P(3HB-co-3HV). SEM micrograph showed the destruction occurred and erosion at surface of plastic filmduring observation time. The rate of biodegradation showed that increasing of PCL and P (3HBco-3HV) in a mixture of plastic film, so biodegradation increased.Keywords: polystyrene, polycaprolactone, poly(3-hidroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate),biodegradation, film plastic.

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN PENYALUT BIOBLEND PS/PCL TERHADAP PELEPASAN ZAT AKTIF UREA GRANUL -, Salman; -, Febriyenti; Djamaan, Akmal
Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol 8, No 2 (2015): March
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jrk.v8i2.234

The most widely used surfactant is an anionic surfactant which is synthesized from petroleum namely Linear Alkylbenzene sulphonate (LABS). Methyl Ester Sulfonate which is currently being developed. Surfactant can produced from palm oil methyl ester via sulfonation sulfonate. When in this research using sodium metabisulphite. The aims of this work is to synthesize Methyl Ester Sulfonate surfactant from Palm Oil Methyl Ester using Sodium Metabisulphite and a catalyst Calcium Oxide. The effects of time and the mole ratio are also investigated. Sulfonation process carried out in 4, 5, 6 hours with mole ratio of 1: 0,5, 1:1, 1: 1,5, temperature of 80Â° C and with stirring speed of 450 rpm. It haven been found that the surfactant produced has density of (0.89490 g/cm3 - 0.89545 g/cm3), viscosity (2.0323 cP - 2.1329 cP), pH (2,03 - 2,48), surface tension (32.60 mN/m - 33.60 mN/m), interfacial tension (30.45 mN/m - 30.94 mN/m), and the stability emulsion (59.17% - 89, 17%).

Kajian Biodegradasi Filem Plastik Campuran Polimer Sintetik dengan Biopolimer dalam Larutan Air Octaviani, Melzi; Zaini, Erizal; Djamaan, Akmal
JFIOnline | Print ISSN 1412-1107 | e-ISSN 2355-696X Vol 6, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : Indonesian Research Gateway

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1542.725 KB)

The degradation of a plastic film containing polymer syntheticpolystyrene (PS) and biopolymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)[P(3HB)] and poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxy valerat)[P(3HB-co-3HV)] in various composition in aquous solution by in-vitro and in-vivo has been carried out. The testing was conducted based on immersion test in aquadest, river water, pH 4 solution, 6,8 and 10. Rate degradation measured use linear regression equality and parameter is time degradation 50% (t 50%), time degradation 95% (t 95%) and indicated by the slope (k). The result showed that, degradation of a plastic film containing PS and P(3HB) in pH 6 solution occurred faster, followed by ratio PS/P(3HB) 95:5, PS/P(3HB) 90:10, PS/P(3HB) 85:15 and PS/P (3HB) 80:20, in contrast degradation of pure PS (100:0) not occured. It is also observed that the biodegradation plastic film containing PS/P(3HB-co-3HV) in river water ratio PS/P(3HB-co-3HV) 95:5, PS/P (3HB-co-3HV) 90:10 and PS/P (3HB-co-3HV) 85:15, in contrast degradation of pure PS (100:0) not occurred.Keywords : biodegradation, polystyrene, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerat), plastic film.

Kajian Biodegradasi Filem Plastik Campuran Polimer Sintetik dengan Biopolimer dalam Larutan Air Octaviani, Melzi; Zaini, Erizal; Djamaan, Akmal
Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 6, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia

The degradation of a plastic film containing polymer syntheticpolystyrene (PS) and biopolymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)[P(3HB)] and poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxy valerat)[P(3HB-co-3HV)] in various composition in aquous solution by in-vitro and in-vivo has been carried out. The testing was conducted based on immersion test in aquadest, river water, pH 4 solution, 6,8 and 10. Rate degradation measured use linear regression equality and parameter is time degradation 50% (t 50%), time degradation 95% (t 95%) and indicated by the slope (k). The result showed that, degradation of a plastic film containing PS and P(3HB) in pH 6 solution occurred faster, followed by ratio PS/P(3HB) 95:5, PS/P(3HB) 90:10, PS/P(3HB) 85:15 and PS/P (3HB) 80:20, in contrast degradation of pure PS (100:0) not occured. It is also observed that the biodegradation plastic film containing PS/P(3HB-co-3HV) in river water ratio PS/P(3HB-co-3HV) 95:5, PS/P (3HB-co-3HV) 90:10 and PS/P (3HB-co-3HV) 85:15, in contrast degradation of pure PS (100:0) not occurred.Keywords : biodegradation, polystyrene, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerat), plastic film.

The Diversity of Endophytic Bacteria from the Traditional Medicinal Plants Leaves that Have Anti-Phytopathogens Activity Zam, Syukria Ikhsan; Agustien, Anthoni; Syamsuardi, Syamsuardi; Djamaan, Akmal; Mustafa, Irfan
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 9, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.09.01.8

Endophytic bacteria live in plant tissues which utilized in plant protection against phytopathogens. This study aims to investigate the diversity of endophytic bacteria from the leaves of traditional medicinal plants that has anti-phytopathogens properties. Isolation of endophytic bacteria was done by spread plate method. The bacteria were characterised by Gram staining and the 16S rRNA gene analysis. Further screening of anti-phytopathogen activity used disc diffusion method for Ralstonia solanacearum, Xanthomonas campestris, Fusarium oxysporum, and Sclerotium rolfsii. All togethers, sixteen isolates of endophytic bacteria from the leaves of eight medicinal plants species were obtained. Fourteen isolates had an anti-phytopathogen (with eight isolates against R. solanacearum, seven isolates against X. campestris, nine isolates against F. oxysporum, and five isolates against S. rolfsii). From the 14 isolates identified, phylum Firmicutes were dominant (64.3%), followed by Proteobacteria (28.6%), and Actinobacteria (7.1%). Phylum Firmicutes consists of Bacillus indicus (BJF1, TCF1, and MCF2), Bacillus pumilus (CAF4), Bacillus sp. (CAF1), Bacillus subtilis (AAF2, MCF1, CAF3, and MCF3); phylum Proteobacteria consists of Pantoea agglomerans (CAF2), Pantoea stewartii (AAF4), Pseudomonas oryzihabitans (AAF3), and Pseudomonas psychrotolerans (AAF1); and phylum Actinobacteria consists of Kocuria kristinae (CSF1).

FED-BATCH FERMENTATION ON PRODUCTION OF A BIODEGRADABLE PLASTIC POLY(3-HYROXYBUTYRATE) FROM OLEIC ACID Djamaan, Akmal; Majid, Mohammed Isa Abdul; Noor, Mohd. Azizan Mohd.
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 14 No 1, 2003
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

A fed-batch fermentation with a purpose to increase the production of biodegradable plastic poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), P(3HB), from oleic acid by Erwinia sp. USMI-20 has been carried out. Fermentation was conducted in a conical flask in an incubator rotary shaker at temperature of 30 oC, agitation of 200 rpm for 66 hours. At first stage of fermentation process in a mineral medium, 5 ml of oleic acid as the sole carbon source was used while feeding were done with 2.5 ml of oleic acid at 30, 42 and 54 hours of cultivation. Sampels were collected every 4 hours until 18 hours of cultivation and every 6 hours until 66 hours of cultivation. P(3HB) production was characterized based on the increase of dry cells, polymer content, polymer concentration and the amount of oleic acid and ammonium remaining in the culture. Results showed that by using fed-batch technique Erwinia sp. USMI-20 could produce P(3HB) with a maximum polymer content of 52 % of the dry cell weight, the concentration of polymer of 2.8 g/l, a dry cell weight of 5.4 g/l.Keywords : Fed-batch, biodegradable plastic, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate, oleic acid).

Sintesis Precipitate Calsium Carbonat Sebagai Filler Pada Plastik Ramah Lingkungan Sri Elfina; Novesar Jamarun; Syukri Arief; Akmal Djamaan
REACTOR: Journal of Research on Chemistry and Engineering Vol 1, No 1 (2020): Published in June 2020
Publisher : Politeknik ATI Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52759/reactor.v1i1.4

Batu kapur merupakan bahan tambang yang ketersediaannya sangat melimpah di Indonesia terutama daerah Sumatera Barat. Batu kapur disintesis untuk pembuatan filler Precipitate Calcium Carbonat. Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan terhadap filler Precipitate Calcium Carbonat dari batu kapur berdasarkan hasil analisis X-RD, FTIR dan SEM-EDX, dapat disimpulkan bahwa senyawa hasil sintesis dari CaO batu kapur adalah Precipitate Calcium Carbonat dengan jenis kristal aragonit dan kalsit. Sementara uji BET menunjukan luas permukaan spesifik filler Precipitate Calcium Carbonat dengan nilai 7,315 m2/g. Permukaan Plastik ramah lingkungan dengan penambahan filler Precipitate Calcium Carbonat dikarakterisasi menggunakan AFM didapatkan nilai Rq 0,43 µm.

MANUFACTURE OF PLASTICS FILM CONTAINING OF POLYSTIRENE, POLYCAPROLACTONE, POLY(3-HIDROKSIBUTYRATE-CO-3- HIDROXYVALERATE) AND BIODEGRADATION STUDY IN OCEAN WATER Asiska Permata Dewi; Erizal Zaini; Akmal Djamaan
Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 7 No. 2 (2014): March
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jrk.v7i2.167

Â ABSTRACTThe manufacture of a biodegradable plastics film containing of polymer synthetic polystyrene(PS) and biopolymer of polycaprolactone (PCL), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)[P(3HB-ko-3HV)] and biodegradation study in ocean water has been carried out. Plastics filmcontaining of PS/PCL/P(3HB-ko-3HV) produced by blending techniques followed by solventcasting with ratios were of 100/0/0, 95/5/0, 95/0/5, 90/5/5, 85/10/5, 85/5/10. This testing wasconducted based on immersion test method recommend by American Society for Testing andMaterials. Poly blend plastics film PS/PCL/P(3HB-ko-3HV) were characterized by tensilestrength, thermal properties and SEM analysis. The profiles of the rate biodegradation view byweight reduction of the tested plastic film for 1-7 weeks period. Tensile strength analysisshowed the decreasing of tensile strength with the addition of P(3HB-ko-3HV). Thermalanalysis showed a decreasing in the melting point with the addition of PCL and P(3HB-co-3HV). SEM micrograph showed the destruction occurred and erosion at surface of plastic filmduring observation time. The rate of biodegradation showed that increasing of PCL and P (3HBco-3HV) in a mixture of plastic film, so biodegradation increased.Keywords: polystyrene, polycaprolactone, poly(3-hidroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate),biodegradation, film plastic.

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN PENYALUT BIOBLEND PS/PCL TERHADAP PELEPASAN ZAT AKTIF UREA GRANUL Salman -; Febriyenti -; Akmal Djamaan
Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 8 No. 2 (2015): March
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jrk.v8i2.234

The most widely used surfactant is an anionic surfactant which is synthesized from petroleum namely Linear Alkylbenzene sulphonate (LABS). Methyl Ester Sulfonate which is currently being developed. Surfactant can produced from palm oil methyl ester via sulfonation sulfonate. When in this research using sodium metabisulphite. The aims of this work is to synthesize Methyl Ester Sulfonate surfactant from Palm Oil Methyl Ester using Sodium Metabisulphite and a catalyst Calcium Oxide. The effects of time and the mole ratio are also investigated. Sulfonation process carried out in 4, 5, 6 hours with mole ratio of 1: 0,5, 1:1, 1: 1,5, temperature of 80Â° C and with stirring speed of 450 rpm. It haven been found that the surfactant produced has density of (0.89490 g/cm3 - 0.89545 g/cm3), viscosity (2.0323 cP - 2.1329 cP), pH (2,03 - 2,48), surface tension (32.60 mN/m - 33.60 mN/m), interfacial tension (30.45 mN/m - 30.94 mN/m), and the stability emulsion (59.17% - 89, 17%).

TLC Profile and Activity Test of Secondary Metabolites Aspergillus flavus “In-Habiting” Queen Termite’s Nest Macrotermes gilvus on Enriched Media Yohannes Alen; Rezki Amelia; Akmal Djamaan
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Vol 5, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology

Antibiotic are secondary metabolites yielded by microbe especially fungus. Previous research succesfull screened four kinds of fungus that live in termites queen’s nest, one of them was Aspergillus flavus. Furthermore, Alen et al (2016g) states that this fungus last to produce metabolite compounds on SDA media which only exist in first and second subculture extract, omit gradually for the next culture. It was presumed happen caused a different habitat to grow. So it is necessary to enrich the media with queen termite nest to get back the initial metabolites. The enrichment was done using four different media concentrations (0.25; 0,50; 0.75 and 1 grams of nest/mL media). The results show that enrichment of 1 gram of nest/mL media provides the most optimum fungus growht. The third subculture of Aspergillus flavus is cultured on enriched media which will become the fourth subculture, this fungus cultured until tenth subculture, do extraction and fracination to each culture. Based on TLC profile analysis, the initial metabolite not yet formed until tenth subculture, but forms six new stain terpenoid compounds. The result of columns chromatography obtained 10 sub-faction. Activity test was done by diffusion method to 12 test bacteria and 3 test fungus. Spot 2,5,6 (Rf 0.84; 0,36; 0,26) inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, spot 3,4 (Rf 0.74; 0,52) inhibit the growth of Micrococcus luteus ATCC 10240. The use of enriched media affect formation of secondary metabolites Aspergillus flavus. Keyword : Secondary metabolites, Aspergillus flavus, Macrotermes gilvus Hagen., Enriched media, TLC Profiles, Activity Assay

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