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Flower Development and Its Implication for Seed Production on Amorphophallus muelleri Blume (Araceae) Edi Santosa; Adolf Pieter Lontoh; Ani Kurniawati; Maryarti Sari; Nobuo Sugiyama
Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 2 (2016): Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Horticulture / Department of Agronomy and Horticulture

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (524.06 KB) | DOI: 10.29244/jhi.7.2.65-74

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ABSTRACTThere are many studies on agronomic and economic advantages of iles-iles (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume), leading to high demand on seed to support the rapid production expansion in many Asian countries. By contrast, there are few studies on flowering phenology and flower morphology although they affect the seed production. Therefore, we evaluated flowering phenology and flower morphology of 80 plants of A. muelleri grown in a field under 65% artificial shading net at Leuwikopo Experimental Farm IPB Darmaga, Bogor, Indonesia from May 2015 to July 2016 in order to improve seed production. A. muelleri produced solitary spadix, with female flowers at the lower part and male flowers at the upper part. Spadix grew slowly for 56-71 days after bud break, and then grew rapidly thereafter for 30-35 days until anthesis. Seed was harvested 9.6 to 10.2 months after anthesis. We devided the development of spadix into seven phases, bud break as stage I and berry maturity as stage VII. Stage VI to VII determined seed production. Seed production was also affected by roots formation and spadix size. There were strong positive correlations between lengths of the female zones with berry production. Some morphological characteristics of spadix were dependent on corm size, thus, it was likely that agronomic improvement to enhance female flower and corm sizes wasimportant in seed production.Keywords: developmental stage, female flower, iles-iles, male flower, seed production ABSTRAKTelah banyak kajian keunggulan agronomi dan ekonomi iles-iles (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume), sehingga mendorong peningkatan permintaan benih untuk mendukung perluasan areal produksi di banyak negara Asia. Namun demikian, kajian fenologi dan morfologi bunga khususnya terkait produksi benih masih terbatas. Oleh karena itu, kami mengkaji perkembangan dan morfologi 80 bunga iles-iles yang ditanam di bawah paranet 65% di Kebun Percobaan Leuwikopo IPB, Bogor, Indonesia dari Mei 2015 sampai Juli 2016 dalam rangka perbaikan produksi benih. Iles-iles menghasilkan sebuah tongkol bunga dengan bunga betina pada bagian bawah dan bunga jantan pada bagian atas. Tongkol bunga tumbuh lambat 58-71 hari setelah pecah tunas, diikuti tumbuh cepat 30-35 hari hingga antesis, dan biji dipanen 9.6 sampai 10.2 bulan setelahnya. Perkembangan bunga dari pecah tunas hingga buah matang dapat dibagi menjadi tujuh tahap. Tahap VI ke tahap VII menentukan keberhasilan produksi biji iles-iles. Selain itu, keberhasilan produksi biji juga dipengaruhi oleh keberadaan akar dan ukuran tongkol khususnya panjang bagian bunga betina. Beberapa karakter morfologi bunga iles-iles dipengaruhi oleh ukuran umbi saat tanam. Oleh karena itu, perlu perbaikan agronomis untuk meningkatkan ukuran umbi dan ukuran bunga betina guna mendukung produksi benih.Kata kunci: bunga betina, bunga jantan, iles-iles, produksi benih, tahap pertumbuhan
Peramalan Produksi Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) di Perkebunan Sei Air Hitam berdasarkan Kajian Faktor Agroekologi Munandar Irfanda; Edi Santosa
Buletin Agrohorti Vol. 4 No. 3 (2016): Buletin Agrohorti
Publisher : Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (298.117 KB) | DOI: 10.29244/agrob.v4i3.14257

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Kegiatan magang dilakukan di Sei Air Hitam Estate, Rokan Hulu, Riau, pada Februari sampai Mei 2012. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah untuk menentukan hubungan karakter agronomi dan agroekologi dengan peramalan produksi kelapa sawit. Kegiatan magang terdiri dari beberapa pekerjaan yaitu sebagai karyawan harian lepas selama tiga minggu, sebagai pendamping mandor selama tiga minggu, dan sebagai pendamping asisten selama enam minggu. Pengamatan khusus dilakukan sebagai kegiatan tambahan misalnya mengevaluasi karakter agronomi dan agroekologi yang mempengaruhi produksi kelapa sawit. Hasil dari uji t-parsial mengindikasikan bahwa terdapat tujuh variabel yang mempengaruhi produksi kelapa sawit pada α=1% dan α=5% yaitu umur tanaman, aplikasi pemupukan, kelembaban udara, kecepatan angin, hari hujan, curah hujan, dan defisit air. Hasil analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa terdapat enam model persamaan yang dapat digunakan untuk meramalkan produksi kelapa sawit di Sumatera.
A Review of Root Pruning to Regulate Citrus Growth Budiarto, Rahmat; Poerwanto, Roedhy; Santosa, Edi; Efendi, Darda
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol 6 No 01 (2019): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (462.852 KB) | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.6.01.1-7

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Root is the important plant organ hiding below the soil that serves as plant supporting structure, water and nutrient supplier and assimilates storage. Root growth occurs in turn with shoot part, forming repeated cyclic pattern because of the photosynthate competition. Root growth regulation is one of the promising practices to boost the yield of fruit tree, especially citrus that is economically important and highly demanded fruit. Root pruning varied based on the scale of intensity and plant growth stage, including air root pruning, knife root pruning and modern pruning using root pruner machine mounted to a tractor. Root pruning to induce the growth of more fi brous root system and to correct root deformation at seedling stage have potentials to improve post-transplant growth. Besides, it has a potential to replace the use of chemical plant growth regulator for a more environmentally friendly practice. The pruning of root impeded the canopy growth, altered the plant water status leading to fl ower promotion. In addition, it is also a promising practice to overcome the alternate bearing on fruit tree, including citrus, through the suppressing of excessive growth and restricting the high fruit load during the ‘on year’ and allowing a better carbohydrate storage for the improvement of yield during the ‘off year’.
Soil Biology Contribution on Agricultural Land Suitability Evaluation of Wet Tropical Megabiodiversity Regions GITOSUWONDO, SUBOWO; SANTOSA, EDI; ANAS, ISWANDI
Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan Vol 4, No 02 (2010): Desember 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Agriculture Land Resource Development

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Abstract

Indonesia is in the region "wet tropical megabiodiversity" it would need to complete the system  for agricultural land suitability evaluation in accordance with real conditions, thus increasing the value-added resources optimally and sustainable and accountable production investment. Soil organisms as a component of production support can act as an agent of energy and nutrient cycling in the soil, improving soil physical properties, and controlling pests and disease. For that soil, biological parameters that need to be considered in evaluating the suitability of land that already exist include: N-fixing or P-solubilizing bacteria groups that live symbiosis and free-living, the fungi solubilizing P and soil organic matter decomposition groups, BGA fixing and free-living N symbiotic groups, fauna groups are able to conserve soil organic matter and improve soil physical properties. Important steps that need to be done in the evaluation of land cover inventory of soil biological populations and its role on the growth of crops, and evaluate the suitability of the soil biological parameters of the functional value of commodity options.
Gamma Irradiation on Growth and Development of Amorphophallus muelleri Blume. Edi Santosa; Sigit Pramono; Yoko Mine; Nobuo Sugiyama
Indonesian Journal of Agronomy Vol. 42 No. 2 (2014): Jurnal agronomi indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (306.399 KB) | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v42i2.8428

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ABSTRACT Iles-iles (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) produces apomictic seeds lead to low genetic variation. In order to induce genetic variation, germinated seeds were exposed to Gamma irradiation (Co-60) at doses of 10 to 100 Gy. Seed irradiation was conducted at Center for the Application of Isotope and Irradiation Technology -National Nuclear Energy Agency (CAIRT), Indonesia. Morphology and yield of M1 generation were observed. Results showed that irradiation at a dose of 10 Gy close to LD50 with survival rate 56%. Gamma irradiation at a dose of 10 Gy delayed seeds germination.  Germination rates gradually increased and reached maximum at 4 weeks after planting (WAP) for control plants, and 14 WAP of irradiated plants. At 16 WAP, germination rate of 10 Gy irradiated plants was 56% and 84% for those of control plants. Irradiation induced chimera as indicated by short petiole, variegated and abnornal shape of leaflets. Some irradiated plants entered dormancy at 8-10 weeks later than control ones. Prolong vegetative periode lead the plants to produce heavier corms. This study revealed the possibility to induce variation of A. muelleri by using gamma irradition. Keywords: Amorphophallus muelleri, gamma irradiation (Co-60), morphological variation, mutation breeding
KNO 3 Application Affect Growth and Production of Amorphophallus muelleri Blume Edi Santosa; Siti Halimah; Anas D. Susila; Adolf P. Lonto; Yoko Mine; Nobuo Sugiyama
Indonesian Journal of Agronomy Vol. 41 No. 3 (2013): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (310.866 KB) | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v41i3.8101

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ABSTRAKPemberian larutan KNO3 diduga dapat meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman iles-iles (Amorphophallus muelleriBlume). Penelitian bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh pemberian larutan KNO terhadap produktivitas A. muelleri. Umbiutuh umur satu tahun dengan bobot 100-125 g ditanam dalam polibag yang ditempatkan di bawah naungan paranet 50%pada musim hujan (September 2010-April 2011) di Bogor, Indonesia. Lima taraf larutan KNO3 yaitu 0, 2, 4, 6 dan 8% (b/v)diberikan melalui daun dan melalui tanah. Larutan diberikan 2 kali sebulan mulai 12 minggu setelah tanam (MST). Hasilmenunjukkan bahwa pemberian KNO3-13 nyata mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tanaman, khususnya meningkatkan jumlah daundan memperpanjang masa vegetatif. Pemberian KNO pada taraf 4% memberikan pengaruh tertinggi jika diberikan melaluidaun. Pemberian KNO33 taraf 4% memberikan pertumbuhan yang lebih tinggi jika diberikan melalui daun dibandingkanmelalui tanah. Secara umum, tidak ada pengaruh nyata pada pertumbuhan tanaman akibat pemberian dosis KNO yangdiberikan melalui tanah. Penelitian berimplikasi bahwa pemberian pupuk KNO melalui daun pada taraf 4% dapatditingkatkan efektivitasnya jika kerusakan pada anak daun dapat diminimalkan. Kerusakan daun cenderung meningkat padadaun tua, oleh karena itu, studi lanjut perlu dilakukan terkait waktu aplikasi yang tepat.Kata kunci: iles-iles, kalium nitrat, pupuk daun, pertumbuhan vegetatif
Tree-based Water Footprint Assessment on Established Oil Palm Plantation in North Sumatera, Indonesia Edi Santosa; Indra Mario Stefano; Abdul Gani Gani Tarigan; Ade Wachjar; Sofyan Zaman; and Herdhata Agusta
Indonesian Journal of Agronomy Vol. 46 No. 1 (2018): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (421.473 KB) | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v46i1.13665

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ABSTRACTIn a long life cycle of oil palm plantation, sustainable water management is mandatory because irrigation is rarely applied. In order to develop water management for sustainable palm oil production, tree-based water footprint of well-established oil palm plantation was assessed. Field data were collected from February to June 2016 in Dolok Ilir managed by PTPN IV, North Sumatera, Indonesia. Additional data were obtained from interviews on the site and the surrounding estates, reports and references. Results showed that water footprint (WF) for production of fresh fruit bunch (FFB) was 510.69 m3 tonne-1 and crude palm oil (CPO) was 517.79 m3 tonne-1. Green, blue and grey water contributed 94.78%, 0.71% and 4.50% in FFB, and 93.48%, 1.66% and 4.85% in CPO productions, respectively. All green WF was calculated basen on actual value of tree evapotranspiration, therefore, the value was mostly lower than other researchs. Low amount of blue water indicates that the oil palm tree in North Sumatera extracts low amount of ground water. On the other hand, grey water for pollution dilution of fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides were high, i.e., 15.15 m3, 4.77 m3, 3.07 m3 tonne-1 FFB, respectively. It implies that reduction of grey water should be implemented in the near future through precission farming.Keywords: CPO, Elaeis guineensis, precission farming, sustainable production, water footprint
INVASIVE WEEDS IN BOGOR BOTANIC GARDENS, INDONESIA AND ITS IMPLICATION ON SURROUNDING LANDSCAPES Santosa, Edi; Widiyanto, Gunar; Lontoh, Adolf Pieter; Agustin, Elly Kristiati; Takahata, Ken; Mine, Yoko; Sugiyama, Nobuo
Buletin Kebun Raya Vol 17, No 2 (2014): Buletin Kebun Raya Vol. 17 (2) July 2014
Publisher : Center for Plant Conservation Bogor Botanic Garden, Indonesian Institute of Sciences

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Abstract

Conservation areas with the objective for collection and exchange plant materials have been speculated as weed bank for surrounding areas. Objective of this study was to identify and characterize ruderal invasive weeds in the Bogor Botanic Gardens (BBG). Observations were conducted in all vak (collection blocks) in the BBG in order to identify the weeds species, determine their invasiveness, dominance and distribution. Weeds associations with host plants were observed. Current weed control program and data of dead trees collection were analyzed in relevant to weed. Distribution of weeds outside BBG was observed by transects method following river and road directions. Results showed that there were seven invasive weeds, i.e., Cecropia adenopus (Cecropiaceae), Cissus nodosa Blume (Vitaceae), Cissus sicyoides Blume (Vitaceae), Dioscorea bulbifera L. (Dioscoreaceae), Ficus elastica Roxb. (Moraceae), Mikania micrantha H.B.K. (Asteraceae) and Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen (Fabaceae). These seven weeds species invaded 41 out of 215 plant families in BBG. Six species of weeds, i.e., C. adenopus, C. nodosa Blume., C. sicyoides Blume., D. bulbifera L., M. micrantha H.B.K. and P. falcataria (L.) Nielsen, were introduced as BBG collections for the first time while the F. elastica Roxb was considered as native. It is most likely that the weeds dispersal agents are the wind, birds, bats, visitors, and waters. All of these weeds existed in surrounding areas outside BBG. Given the detrimental impact of invasive weeds on the plant collection in BBG, it is necessary to develop long–term comprehensive control measures both inside and neighboring areas by involving other government authorities beyond BBG.
ISOLATING MICROSATELLITE FROM Amorphophallus variabilis AND ITS APPLICATION FOR POPULATION STUDY IN DRAMAGA CONSERVATION FOREST, INDONESIA Edi Santosa; Chun Lan Lian; Yoko Mine; Ken Takahata; Nobuo Sugiyama
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 25 No. 1 (2018)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (195.087 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2018.25.1.652

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Amorphophallus variabilis Blume, a member of Araceae, is a fleshy perennial tuber crop endemic in Java Island, Indonesia. The plant produces white edible corm; and it was used as food during famine time before 1960s. Rapid ecological changes and land fragmentations in Java in recent times threaten populations of A. variabilis. Here, compound microsatellite markers were developed in order to develop conservation strategies in the populations. Twelve primers pairs produced high polymorphism ranging from 5 to 22 alleles per locus. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.191 to 0.851 and 0.380 to 0.943, respectively. This high allelic diversity indicates that these markers are suitable for the study on population genetic structure. Cross-amplification on related and non-related species was performed. Application of the markers on populations from Dramaga Conservation Forest revealed high allelic richness, high diversity within and among populations. Genetic distance among populations increased with an increase of geographic distance. Present study suggested that, it is important to study population of A. variabilis in Java in order to understand the population genetic structure and develop effective in situ conservation programs.
Manajemen gulma di Kebun Kelapa Sawit Bangun Bandar: Analisis Vegetasi dan Seedbank Gulma Aditya Wira Tantra; Edi Santosa
Buletin Agrohorti Vol. 4 No. 2 (2016): Buletin Agrohorti
Publisher : Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (153.92 KB) | DOI: 10.29244/agrob.v4i2.15012

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 Manajemen gulma di kelapa sawit merupakan salah satu kegiatan penting yang menentukan keberhasilan produksi sawit. Kegiatan magang ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana manajemen pengendalian gulma dilaksanakan dan aspek-aspek yang mempengaruhinya. Kegiatan magang dilaksanakan di kebun Bangun Bandar, Medan, Sumatera Utara, Februari- Juni 2015. Secara khusus, keragaan gulma pada berbagai umur tanaman dan simpanan biji gulma (seedbank) merupakan aspek khusus yang dikaji. Secara umum, kegiatan pengendalian gulma di kebun telah dilaksanakan dengan baik dan dikendalikan pada level di bawah ambang ekonomi. Dari analisis vegetasi diketahui bahwa dari 39 jenis gulma yang ada, empat jenis gulma yakni Ottochloa nodosa, Paspalum conjugatum, Muccuna Bracteata, dan Cyperus killingia merupakan gulma paling dominan dengan nilai SDR di atas 10%. Terdapat variasi seedbank antara lahan TBM, TM muda dan TM tua. Pada areal TBM densitas simpanan biji gulmanya lebih tinggi (584 individu/m2) dibandingkan dengan areal TM muda (204 individu/m2) dan TM tua (47 individu/m2). Seedbank terbanyak diperoleh 0-10 cm. Secara keseluruhan, seedbank yang berhasil tumbuh: daun lebar (199 individu/m2), rumput (74 individu/m2), paku-pakuan (0 individu/m2), dan teki (562 individu/m2).
Co-Authors , Hariyadi , Kholidi , Susilawati . Dulbari Abdoellah, Soetanto Abdul Gani Gani Tarigan Abdul Harris Burhan Achmad Taufiq Ade Wachjar Ade Wachjar Aditya Wira Tantra Adolf P. Lonto Adolf Pieter Lontoh, Adolf Pieter Agik Suprayogi Agus Buono Agus Sufyan Ahmad Fadli Alghifari AHMAD JUNAEDI Ahmad Zamzami Ajmir Akmal Almas Lathuf Assyura Anas D. Susila Anas D. Susila Anas Dinnurrohman Susila Anas Dinurrohman Susila Anas Dinurrohman Susila Andreas Kefi Andreas Kefi ANDRIA AGUSTA Ani Kurniawati Ani Kurniawati Ani Kurniawati Anung Wahyudi Aptika Hana Prastiwi Nareswari Ariny Jihan Thifany Arisa Noguchi Arjuna, Rizka Tri Arya Widura Ritonga Atang Sutandi Bambang S. Purwoko Bambang Sapta Purwoko Budiman, dan Candra Careca Sepdihan Rahmat Hidayatullah Chairunnisak Chairunnisak Chairunnisak, Chairunnisak Chun Lan Lian Deden Derajat Matra Deden Drajat Matra Delvi Maretta Desta Wirnas Dhika Prita Hapsari Diaguna, Ridwan Didy Sopandie Diny Dinarty Dulbari Dulbari , Dulbari Dulbari Dulbari Dulbari Dulbari Dulbari Dulbari, Dulbari Dwi Guntoro Dwi Sutari Laksono Efendi, Darda Eko Sulistyono Elda Kristiani Paisey Elly Kristiati Agustin, Elly Kristiati Endang Gunawan Fajar Delli Wihartiko Fattah, Muhamad Zainul Ferdianto Budi Samudra Fifin Nashirotun Nisya Gunar Widiyanto, Gunar Hajime Nakano HAJRIAL ASWIDINNOOR Heni Purnamawati Herdhata Agusta Herman Wafom Tubur I Wayan Astika Imam Fauzi Fauzi Tanjung Imdad Julian Purwanto Imron Gempur Saputro Ince Raden Indra Mario Stefano Intan Dewi Puspitasari Irfan Rabani Irfanda, Munandar Is Helianti Ismadi Ismadi Iswandi Anas Iswandi Anas Joan Joulanda Grace Kailola Juang Gema Kartika Kanny, Putri Irene Karmanah, Karmanah Kazi Liaquat Hossain Ken Takahata Ken Takahata Ken Takahata, Ken Luh Putu Ratna Sundari Lutfy Ditya Cahyanti M A Chozin Machfud Machfud Maghfirah Marcella Putriantari Marchella Putriantari Martini Aji Maryarti Sari Maryati Sari Maure, Gerson Hans Md. Abdul Wadud Md. Abul Kashem Md. Shajahan Ali Memen Surahman Mohamad Rahmad Suhartanto Mohammad Abdul Wadud Muhammad dan Heni Purnamawati Haryadi Danang Faqihhudin Muhammad Raihan Ferdiansyah Muhammad Thamrin Munandar Irfanda MUNIF GHULAMAHDI Nadia Dwi Kartika Nani Yulianti Nina Ariesta Nobuo Sugiyama Nobuo Sugiyama Nobuo Sugiyama Nobuo Sugiyama Nurlela, Nurlela Nurul Hidayah NURUL HIDAYAH Nurul Khumaida Okti Syah Isyani Permatasari Panca Dewi Manu Hara Karti Purwanto, Imdad Julian Purwono Purwono Purwono Rahayu Safitri Rahman Rahmat Budiarto Rd. Selvy Handayani Rianto, Dwi Fajar Riska sukmawati Rizka Tri Arjuna ROEDHY POERWANTO Rohman, Fadil Rosdiana, Siska Sakti, Ginanjar Pramudya Sandra Arifin Aziz Santun RP Sitorus Sigit Pramono Siska Rosdiana Siti Halimah Slamet Susanto Sobir Sobir Sobir Sobir Soekisman Tjitrosemito Sofyan Zaman Sri Nurdiati Sri Suryo Sukoraharjo SUBOWO GITOSUWONDO Sugiyanta Sulassih, . Supijatno Supijatno Supijatno Susilawati Suwarto Tantra, Aditya Wira Tjahja Muhandri Ulfha Junita Ulinnuha, Zulfa Utami Prawati Wahjar, Ade Wijaya, Aldi Kamal Winarso D. Widodo Winarso Drajad Widodo Yoko Mine Yoko Mine Yoko Mine Yoko Mine Yonny Koesmaryono Yonny Koesmaryono Yulianti, Nani Zulfa Ulinnuha