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Nitrogen Resorption and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Cacao Agroforestry Systems Managed Differently in Central Sulawesi TRIADIATI TRIADIATI; SOEKISMAN TJITROSEMITO; EDI GUHARDJA; SUDARSONO SUDARSONO; IBNUL QAYIM; CHRISTOPH LEUSCHNER
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 14 No. 4 (2007): December 2007
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (85.519 KB) | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.14.4.127

Abstract

Cacao agroforestry is a traditional form of agriculture practiced by the people of Central Sulawesi. These agroforestry systems vary from a simple system following selective cutting of forest trees, to a more sophisticated planting design. The cacao was planted under remaining forest covers (CF1), under planted trees (CF2), and between shade trees Gliricidia sepium (CP). The objectives of this study were to quantify nitrogen use efficiency (N NUE) and nitrogen resorption in cacao agroforestry systems. The N NUE at the ecosystem scale (N NUEES) for the cacao agroforestry systems were compared with the natural forest. The results showed that CP produced the highest litterfall and cacao foliar nitrogen. CP and CF1 produced litterfall and the nitrogen resorption that not were significantly different. In contrast, CF2 produced the lowest litterfall, hence required lower nitrogen supply. The nitrogen resorption of CF2 was less than that of CF1 and CP. However, N NUE in cacao plant (N NUEC) of CF2 was higher than that of the CP. The N NUEES of either CF1 or CF2 were similar to that of the natural forest, but higher than that of the CP. Using shade trees in cacao plantations increased foliar nitrogen concentration, nitrogen resorption, N NUEC and N NUEES; thus, might be one reason for a higher productivity of cacao in unshaded systems. Key words: cacao agroforestry system, cacao foliar nitrogen, nitrogen resorption, N NUE
Resistance of Abaca Somaclonal Variant Against Fusarium RULLY DYAH PURWATI; SUDARSONO SUDARSONO
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 14 No. 4 (2007): December 2007
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (107.408 KB) | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.14.4.133

Abstract

The objectives of this study were (i) to evaluate responses against F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc) infection of abaca variants regenerated using four different methods, (ii) to determine initial root length and plant height effects on survival of inoculated abaca variants, and (iii) to identify Foc resistance abaca variants. In the previous experiment, four abaca variant lines were regenerated from (i) embryogenic calli (TC line), (ii) ethyl methyl sulphonate (EMS) treated embryogenic calli (EMS line), (iii) EMS treated embryogenic calli, followed by in vitro selection on Foc culture filtrate (EMS+CF line), and (iv) EMS treated embryogenic calli, followed by in vitro selection on fusaric acid (EMS+FA line). All abaca variants were grown in a glasshouse and inoculated with Banyuwangi isolate of Foc (Foc Bw). Initial root length (RL) and plant height (PH) of the abaca variants were recorded before inoculation, while scores of plant damage (SPD), and their survival were recorded at 60 days after inoculation (DAI). The results showed that the initial RL and PH did not affect survival of the tested abaca variants. Regardless of their initial RL and PH, susceptible abaca variants died before 60 DAI while resistance ones still survived. Abaca variants regenerated from single clump of embryogenic callus showed an array of responses against Foc Bw infection, indicating the existence of a mix cells population. The Foc Bw resistance abaca variants were successfully identified from four tested abaca variant lines, although with different frequencies. However, more Foc Bw resistance abaca plants were identified from EMS+CF line than the others. Using the developed procedures, 8 resistance abaca plants were identified from abaca cv. Tangongon and 12 from abaca cv. Sangihe-1. Key words: Fusarium wilts resistance, in vitro selection, culture filtrate, fusaric acid, EMS
Inoculation Methods and Conidial Densities of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense in Abaca RULLY DYAH PURWATI; NURUL HIDAYAH; SUDJINDRO SUDJINDRO; SUDARSONO2? SUDARSONO2?
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 15 No. 1 (2008): March 2008
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (245.831 KB) | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.15.1.1

Abstract

Abaca (Musa textilis Nee) is an important industrial crop. Its cultivation in Indonesia is, however, hampered by the wilt (Panama disease) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc) infections. Developing Foc resistance abaca lines require availability of established and reliable screening methods for resistance against Foc. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the (i) effectiveness of Foc inoculation methods, (ii) extent of Foc conidial densities – for causing the wilt in abaca, and (iii) responses of ten abaca cultivars against Foc infection. Results of this study showed that the method of inoculation by wounding abaca roots followed submerging the wounded plant in suspension of Foc conidia (106 conidia/ml) for 2 hours before planting was the most effective method for causing the wilt. Among ten abaca cultivars tested, none was resistant to Foc infection. Based on the calculation of disease intensity, nine abaca cultivars were identified as very susceptible, where as one cultivar was susceptible to Foc infection. Key words: Fusarium wilt, panama disease, disease response, screening method, Musa textilis
Pengaruh Perlakuan Rizo-bakteri Pemacu Pertumbuhan Tanaman terhadap Viabilitas Benih serta Pertumbuhan Bibit Tanaman Cabai Gusti Ayu Kade Sutariati; Widodo Widodo; Sudarsono Sudarsono; Satriyas Ilyas
Indonesian Journal of Agronomy Vol. 34 No. 1 (2006): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (191.441 KB) | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v34i1.1275

Abstract

The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate effects of seed treatment using local isolates of rhizobacteria on seed germination and seedling growth of hot pepper. Hot pepper seeds were treated with rhizobacterium isolates of Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., or Serratia sp. and germinated using standard germination procedures. Subsequently, seedlings were transplanted into plastic pots containing a mixture of potting media. Germination was recorded at 7 and 14 days while seedling growth were recorded at 6 and 8 weeks after transplanting. Results of the experiments showed seed treatments using rhizobacteria significantly increased viability of the treated hot pepper seeds (percentage of increases as compared to untreated seeds in seed germination  - up to 27%, PTM 11%, vigor index 31%, SPT 29%, KCT 29%, and reduction of T50 by 0.75 days). Some of the treatments also promoted growth of hot pepper seedlings. Although all of the rhizobacteria synthesized IAA, growth promoting effects of the rhizobacteria may not only be due to the synthesized growth regulator. Other factors may have involved in the possitive effects of the rhizobacteria on hot pepper seed germination and seedling growth.   Key words:  Rhizobacteria, indole-acetic acid, PGPR, vigor, viability, seedling growth
Perbaikan Teknik Kultur Embrio Kelapa Kopyor (Cocos nucifera L.) Asal Sumenep Jawa Timur Melalui Penambahan Bahan Aditif dan Pengujian Periode Subkultur , Sukendah; , Sudarsono; , Witjaksono; Nurul Khumaida
Indonesian Journal of Agronomy Vol. 36 No. 1 (2008): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (250.721 KB) | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v36i1.1340

Abstract

The success of culturing of "Kopyor" coconut (matured coconut with broken meat particles due to abnormal formation of endosperm) through embryo culture depends on the medium used.  A revised protocol on medium embryo culture was done to increase embryo germination and plantlet production of kopyor coconut obtained from Sumenep.  Embryos excised from mature nuts were cultured in solid Eeuwens basal media supplemented with 150 ml coconut water, 150 ml coconut milk, 50 mg/l thio-urea, and 100 mg/l thio-urea. Germinating embryos were transferred to solid Eeuwens basal media containing 100, 150, and 200 ml/l coconut water.  Subsequent transfers of the germinating embryos to fresh media to complete seedling development were done at different periods of subculture, i.e., 1, 2, 3, and 4 months. The highest viability of kopyor embryo was shown by 150 ml/l coconut water, about 95% embryos in this medium germinated. At plantlet phase, addition of coconut water did not give a positive result to the growth of kopyor plantlets.  However, coconut water could increase the complete plantlet, i.e., plantlet with shoot and good root. Growth and number of kopyor plantlets obtained were the best when the plantlets transferred into fresh medium every 2 months.   Key words:  Embryo culture, kopyor coconut, additive agents, period of subculture
Aktivitas Kitinase dan Peroksidase dari Ekstrak Protein Daun, Akar, Kalus dan Tunas In Vitro Trichosanthes tricuspidata Lour. Dewi Sukma; Roedhy Poerwanto; , Sudarsono; Nurul Khumaida; Suryo Wiyono; I Made Artika
Indonesian Journal of Agronomy Vol. 36 No. 1 (2008): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (188.991 KB) | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v36i1.1347

Abstract

A number of Trichosanthes species has been reported as a source of bioactive protein associated with defense mechanisms such as chitinase. Chitinase and peroxidase of crude protein extracted from leaves, roots, in vitro calli and shoots of T. tricuspidata had been analysed. Calli were induced on MS medium containing combinations of 1 µM NAA + 1 µM BA (K1), 2 µM NAA + 2 µM BA (K2), 3 µM NAA + 3 µM BA (K3), or 4 µM NAA + 4 µM BA (K4). Shoots were cultured in MS with 1 mg/l of BA, while leaves and roots were harvested from six-month old plants grown on the field. Results of the experiment suggested that K1-K4 medium could be used to induce calli although weight of calli from all medium composition was not significantly different (0.19-0.31 g/explant/4 weeks). Calli from K1 medium had the highest of total crude protein content (3.24 mg/ml). The highest of chitinase activity was found in in vitro shoots (6.51 mM pNP/hour/mg protein) and the highest peroxidase activity was in the plant roots (0.25 ∆ 420/minute/mg protein). Key words: in vitro calli, shoots, crude protein, chitinase and peroxidase activities
Keragaan Genetik dan Pendugaan Heritabilitas pada Komponen Hasil dan Kandungan β-Karoten Progeni Kelapa Sawit Lollie Agustina P. Putri; , Sudarsono; Hajrial Aswidinnoor; Dwi Asmono
Indonesian Journal of Agronomy Vol. 37 No. 2 (2009): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (64.182 KB) | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v37i2.1407

Abstract

An experiment to study heritability, general combining ability (GCA), and specific combining ability (SCA) of some traits in oil palm progeny was conducted at Kebun Surya Adi, PT. Bina Sawit Makmur, Sampoerna Agro, Ogan Komering Ilir, Sumatera Selatan, from July 2006 until September 2008.  The research was arranged in alpha design with two replications, 50 progenies and 12 palms for each replication, respectively. The results showed that broad sense heritability estimates were high for mesocarp to fruit, oil to fresh mesocarp, and  kernel to fruit content ratios, and β-carotene content; medium for bunch number and oil to bunch ratio; and low for fresh bunch and fruit to bunch ratio. The general combining ability (GCA) of bunch number, mesocarp to fruit, oil to fresh mesocarp, and kernel to fruit ratios and β-carotene content were highly significant. Similarly, the specific combining ability (SCA) of mesocarp to fruit, oil to fresh mesocarp, and kernel to fruit ratios and β-carotene content were also highly significant.   Key words:  Heritability, combining ability, Elaeis guineensis Jacq., alpha design, β-carotene
Analisis Pertumbuhan dan Fenologi Trubus pada Berbagai Struktur Tajuk Durian (Durio zybethinus) Aris Munandar; Sri S. Harjadi; Ahmad Surkati; Bambang S. Purwoko; , Sudarsono; , Suhirman
Indonesian Journal of Agronomy Vol. 32 No. 3 (2004): Buletin Agronomi
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (897.43 KB) | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v32i3.1459

Abstract

Two parallel experiments were conducted to study the effect of training and pruning on the growth and development of durian. Two-years old durian clones Matahari and Monthong had been pruned and or trained for 19 months as open center, central leader, palmette leader and left untreated (control treatment) in five (for Matahari) and six (for Monthong) replications.             Training and pruning treatments resulted in more open crown as indicated by lower (35 - 40%) leaf area index, better growth analysis as indicated by better dry matter partition and growth rate. Relative growth rate (RGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) of trained and pruned trees were high during 12 - 15 months after treatment, although their absolute growth rate cumulative crown dry matter low compared to untreated trees. Compared to pruning \, training treatment gave higher contribution to NAR.             Due to wet climate of  local Bogor and ontogeny of the durian used in this experiment (at late juvenile stage, 3.5 year old durian), the effect of training and pruning on the development of the durian as observed by flushing phenology had not been revealed. Flushing rhythmic pattern of treated and untreated durian were almost same.   Key words: durian, tree architecture, training, pruning, phenology.
Perbenihan Sayuran di Indonesia: Kondisi Terkini dan Prospek Bisnis Benih Sayuran Aswaldi Anwar; , Sudarsono; Satriyas Ilyas
Indonesian Journal of Agronomy Vol. 33 No. 1 (2005): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (143.838 KB) | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v33i1.1513

Abstract

Indonesian Vegetable Seeds: Current Condition and Prospects in Business of Vegetable Seeds
Studi Potensi Heterobeltiosis pada Persilangan Beberapa Galur Cabai Merah (Capsicum annuum L.) Catur Herison; , Rustikawati; , Sudarsono
Indonesian Journal of Agronomy Vol. 29 No. 1 (2001): Buletin Agronomi
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (633.997 KB) | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v29i1.1537

Abstract

Hybrid cultivar is one of the best alternative to increase national hot pepper production. However, lacking of local hybrid cultivars resulted in the dependency on imported expensive seeds. The objective of this research is to study heterobeltiosis potential and yield of hybrids generated from crosses of several hot pepper lines. Nine parental lines and their 19 hybrids were evaluated in field experiment at the Pasir Sarongge Experimetal Station of IPB, Cipanas, West Java, in a randomize complete block design with 3 replications. The results indicated that several crosses showed a high potential heterobeltiosis. The cross of CI034 x CI026, CI042 x CI025, dan CI042 x CI026 showed heterobeltiosis value of more than 100%. Most of the crosses revealed an excellent yield for medium fruit type the yield was about 1 kg per plant (CI034 x CIO06), and for large fruit type was 1,8 kg per plant (CI042 x CIO06), in average, which were higher than the yield of Hot Beauty, a commercial hybrid cultivar.   Key words: Heterobeltiosis, Hot pepper
Co-Authors , Agustiansyah , Rustikawati , Sukendah , Triadiati , Witjaksono ABDUL RACHMAD BUDIONO Ade Wachjar Adisyahputra Adisyahputra, Adisyahputra Agung Endro Nugroho Agus Purwito Agus Rachmat AHMAD RIDUAN Ahmad Surkati Ali Husni Amarillis, Shandra Amarullah, Muhamad Roffi Andrie Al Kausar Anita Yuliyanti Aniversari Apriana Anneke Pesik Anwar, Aswaldi Aprizal Zainal Arfan Nazhri Simamora Arief Hidayat Aris Munandar Asep Setiawan ASMONO, DWI Atmitri Sisharmini Bambang Heliyanto Bambang S. Purwoko BAMBANG SUGIRI Barahima Abbas C J Soegihardjo Cartealy, Imam Civi Cartealy, Imam Civi Catur Herison Cecep Kusmana Christoph Leuschner Clarry Sada Colleen M. Higgins, Colleen M. Darmawan Saptadi Deka Rotama Dewi Sukma Didiek Hadjar Goenadi Diky Anggoro DINARTY, DINY Dini Dinarty, Dini DINI NURDIANI Diny Dinarti Djoko Santoso DWI ANDREAS SANTOSA Dwi Asmono Dwi Hapsoro DWI HAPSORO Edi Guhardja Efendi, Darda Elina, Juanita ELSJE T. TENDA, ELSJE T. Endang Pudjihartati Endrizal Eneng Fakhrunnisa Enni Suwarsi Rahayu Erick Raynalta, Erick Fajar Laksono Suroso Fakhrunnisa, Eneng Fatsan, Ahmad FETRINA OKTAVIA Germini Alam Giyanto . Gusti Ayu Kade Sutariati H. M.H. Bintoro Djoefrie HAJRIAL ASWIDINNOOR Harsini ,, Harsini Hartati, Raden Roro Sri Haryadi Permana Hasriadi Mat Akin Hengky Novarianto Hengky Novarianto Hidayat Pawitan Hiroshi Ehara Hugo Volkaert, Hugo I MADE ARTIKA IBNUL QAYIM IDA HANARIDA SOMANTRI Iim Fatimah Ika Mariska Ikhsanudin Ikhsanudin Irman Firmansyah Ismail Maskromo Ismail Maskromo Iwa Sutardjo, Iwa Iwan Setiawan JAJAH KOSWARA Juang Gema Kartika Jumanto Jumanto Jumanto Jumanto, Jumanto Khoerul Anwar Khursatul Munibah Kukuh Murtilaksono Kukuh Setiawan Kurniasari, Praharisti Kurniawan R. Trijatmiko Kusumo Nugroho Kuswanhadi Kuswanhadi, Kuswanhadi Laksmita Prima Santi Laksono Trisnantoro Lila Yuwana Lollie Agustina P. Putri M. Herman Marbelisa Briliani Mardikaningsih, Agusti Marenda Ishak S MASKROMO, ISMAIL MEITY A. TULALO, MEITY A. Memen Surahman Meynarti Sari Dewi Ibrahim Muchammad Ali Safaat Muhammad Hasyim Bintoro Muhammad Herman MUHAMMAD HERMAN Muhammad Machmud Muhammad Machmud Mutia Dewi Yuniati Neviana Wahyuni Nihayati, Hanik Endang Niniet Indah Arvitrida Noor Cahaya NOVARIANTO, HENGKY Nur Khayati Nurhajati A. Mattjik Nursalam Nursalam Nurul Khumaida Paulus B.K. Santoso Purwaningsih Purwaningsih purwoko, devit Purwoko, Devit R B Gobel Ralf G. Dietzgen, Ralf G. Reni Indrayanti ROEDHY POERWANTO Rr Sri Hartati Rr Sri Hartati, Rr Sri Rr. Sri Hartati Rubiyo Rubiyo RULLY DYAH PURWATI RUSMILAH SUSENO S. Arsyad S. Ilyas Said Harran Saiful Akhyar Lubis Satriyas Ilyas SATRIYAS ILYAS Satya Nugroho Shinta Hadiyantina Sholeh Avivi Siswanto Siswanto Siti Mufidah Siti Sunarintyas SOEKISMAN TJITROSEMITO Sri H. Hidayat Sri H. Hidayat Sri H. Hidayat Sri Indarto Sri S. Harjadi Sri Soenarsih DAS Stephanie Wilamarta Sudari, Sudari Sudibyo Martono Sudirman Yahya SUDJINDRO SUDJINDRO Sugiyanta Sukendah S, Sukendah SUKENDAH SUKENDAH, SUKENDAH Sumali Wiryowidagdo Suryo Wiyono Susilo Indrawati Swastika, Maria Syafaruddin Syafaruddin TENDA, ELSJE T. Teuku Tajuddin TINCHE, nFn Tri J. Santoso Tri J. Santoso Tri Joko Santoso Tri Joko Santoso U.S WIRADISASTRA UJANG KHAIRUL Urai Salam Visia Assyafira Suwarto vyta andri setyo utami Wening Enggarini Widiatmaka . Widiatmaka Widiatmaka Widodo Widodo Wiwin Ambarwulan Yudiwanti Wahyu E. K. Yulis Setiya Dewi Yundari, Yundari Yuni Wibowo Yusnita Yusnita